Answer 1.

It has been said that western civilization has created more universal values than any other in
history; however, it has been incapable of transmitting them to the rest of cultures around the
globe.

The previous fragment is not pertinent inasmuch as it denies in its entirety the capacity of
Western civilization to transmit universal values to the rest of the world. It is important to clarify
that when we talk about of Western values, these originated from the peace of Westphalia, two
treaties that gave rise to the recognition of sovereign states, a concept that gives all the power of
the nation to citizens; the refraining of interfering within the neighboring states, recognizing and
respecting the internal structures and the religious propensities of the others and the renunciation
of territorial conquest, through a general balance of power. It is true that Western values are not
accepted by all cultures, but these have been transmitted successfully to different societies
around the world through the conquests by European countries, also the system which the
Western values are part is considered a type of world order accepted by different countries,
however It can be observed how the development of different values in cultures has resulted in
civil conflicts and between nations.

According to Kissinger, an American politician and author of the book world order, Western
universal values spread through European colonization, as they took with them their model of
international order, although the concepts such as sovereignty, abstention from territorial
conquest and respect for the internal structure and religion of the territories were not respected at
the colonized territories, these concepts were used by the colonized people to demand their
independence, now some of these civilizations are defenders of these values, such as United
States which also has been worried of spread them out.

In the other hand Western universal values have become the base of some powerful
international organizations, that have as purpose establish common rules and principles to
foment free commerce, an international financial system and solve disputes between nations.
This system have reached all cultures and regions, even for Kissinger this system is consider a
type of world order that have reached the most quantity of societies until nowadays.

Nevertheless there are some communities as for example Islamic that are not agree with the
western values, they have their own vision of world order. As a result some extreme believers
have fought on behalf their values causing confrontations inside or between countries. The above
have crated wars and harm the research of a world order because it divides the societies making
difficult to build common rules.

In conclusion that western civilization values couldn’t reach every single culture doesn’t
mean that they have been incapable of transmitting them to different societies, on the contrary
western values have been the base of some international organizations that are consider as the
actual world order, however the develop of different values in other cultures have created
conflicts between countries and inside them that harms the creation of a world order.