Power Plant Overview

Renewable Energy

• Geothermal

• Hydro

• Wind

• Solar

• Tidal

• Biomass

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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 11
 Power Plant Overview

Non-renewable Energy
• Thermal Power Plant
• Nuclear

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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 12
 Power Generation Overview

New Renewables
4%

Nuclear Thermal
Coal
14% Large Hydro
61.3%
Petrochemical Nuclear
(Thermal) New Renewables
67% Coal
Gas Gas
30% Oil
Large Hydro
15% Oil 8.7%

World Energy Fuel Split

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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 13
 Market Readiness
Market Driven Energy Technology

er
w
Po
COAL

al
m
er
Th
Gas
Oil
Under Fully
Development Commercial
Geothermal
Biomass

Wind Hydro

PV Solar Nuclear

Policy Driven Energy Technology

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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 14
 Thermal Power Plant

Boiler

High Pressure
Feed Water
& Temp Steam

Condenser Turbine

Turbine Exhausted
Steam

Water-Steam Cycle
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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 15
 Thermal Power Plant

Based on steam temperature and pressure

z Sub-critical (conventional)
z Supercritical
z Ultra-supercritical

Steam Steam
Price Pressure Temperature Efficiency CO2 SO2
Plant Type Range Range
(USD/kW) (%) (G/kWH) (G/kWH)
(Bar) (°C )

Sub-critical 850 170 538 < 40 855 2.4

Supercritical 1050 230 - 265 580 > 42 780 2.2

Ultra-supercritical 1100 300 630 + > 48 710 2.0

Comparison Parameters – sub-critical(Conventional), Supercritical & Ultra-supercritical

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27-Jun-01, Slide 17
 Thermal Power Plant

Based on boiler design

z Drum Boiler
• Natural circulation
• Forced circulation
z Once-through boiler

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27-Jun-01, Slide 18
 Drum
Drum Boiler
Boiler –– Natural
Natural Circulation
Circulation Boiler
Boiler

Circulation by Super
Specific volume Reheater
Heater
difference of water

Boiler Drum

Water
Wall
Downcomer
Turbine

Condenser

ECONOMIZER

From Boiler
Feedwater Pump

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Emerson Confidential
27-Jun-01, Slide 19
 Drum
Drum Boiler
Boiler –– Forced
Forced Circulation
Circulation Boiler
Boiler

Super
Reheater
Heater

Boiler Drum

Water
Wall
Downcomer
Turbine

Condenser
Circulation by
Circulation Pump Circulation Pump

ECONOMIZER

From Boiler
Feedwater Pump

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27-Jun-01, Slide 20
 Once
Once Through
Through Boiler
Boiler (Super
(Super Critical)
Critical) Constant
Constant Pressure
Pressure Boiler
Boiler

Super
Reheater
Heater

Water Flash Tank

Wall
Turbine

Condenser

Boiler Feed Water Pump feeds water once.

No water circulation
ECONOMIZER
From Boiler
Feedwater Pump

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27-Jun-01, Slide 21
 Thermal Power Plant

Based on technology and efficiency

z Conventional Power Plant
z Combined Cycle Power Plant
z Cogeneration plant

Efficiency of the Plant CO2 Emission of the Plant

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27-Jun-01, Slide 22
 Typical Conventional Power Plant Schematic

Primary Secondary High pressure Reheater

superheater superheater turbine

SH Spray RH Spray
HP Bypass
Low pressure
Sootblower DA pegging To cold reheat turbine
Boiler DALC
Emergency Heater Drain
Deaerator LP
Bypass

Economizer

BFP Heater Drain Condenser

Recirc Hot Well

Condensate
Recirc
BFW Regulator
Condensate Pump
Boiler Feedwater
Pump Steam
BFW start-up
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27-Jun-01, Slide 23
 Combined Cycle System

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27-Jun-01, Slide 24
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Gas Turbine

Combustion Chamber

Compressor Turbine
Shaft

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27-Jun-01, Slide 25
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Heat Recovery Steam Generator Silencer Assembly IP Drum LP Drum
HP Drum

Inlet Duct

Exhaust
Duct

From Gas Turbine

De-NOx Catalyst
Module

Spiral Fin Tube

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27-Jun-01, Slide 26
 Combined Cycle Power Plant

Cond Pump
HP IP LP G

Condenser
BFP Pump

HP IP LP
Feedwater

Condensate

HP Steam

Exhaust Duct
RH Steam

IP Steam

LP Steam RH HP IP LP PH
G Generator
Gas Turbine
Exhaust

G CT DeNOx Catalyst
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27-Jun-01, Slide 27