Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Of
By
Ashmita Saikia
1723665
BENGALURU
2018-19
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ashmita Saikia, Reg. No. 1723665 is a bonafide student of
This is to certify that the project report, titled “An Organizational Study Undertaken
University), in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree
a record of original study undertaken by Ashmita Saikia, during the period 2018 –
2019 in the School of Business Studies and Social Sciences at CHRIST ( Deemed
report has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/ Associate
University.
I, Ashmita Saikia, hereby declare that the project report, titled “An Organizational
2018–2019 under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Rajani Ramdas, School
of Business Studies and Social Sciences and it has not formed the basis for the
award of any Degree/ Diploma/ Associate ship/ Fellowship or other similar title of
I would like to express my profound gratitude to all those who have been instrumental in the
preparation of this project report. I wish to place on records, my deep gratitude to my project
guide, Professor Rajani Ramdas, a highly esteemed and distinguished guide, for her expert
I would like to thank Dr. Fr. Thomas C Mathew, Vice Chancellor, Dr. Jyothi Kumar, Associate
I am grateful to Numaligarh Refinery Limited for giving me the opportunity to learn and
experience from this internship. I would like to thank my organizational guide Mr. Mandheer
Singh, Department of Finance, NRL who guided me with his insights and knowledge and took
active interest in my project. I would like to express my gratefulness to Mr. Ashish Baruah,
Chief Manager, Training & Development Department NRL, for giving me the chance to carry
out this project in their organization. I would like to convey my sincere gratefulness to Mr.
Pratul Kumar Saikia, General Manager, and Mrs. Jumani S. Nath, Chief Manager, Finance and
Lastly, I would like to thank God, parents and friends for their constant support and help.
(Ashmita Saikia)
CONTENTS
company
1. INTRODUCTION
oil and gas industry. With it being considered as the biggest sector in the world in terms of dollar
value, the oil and gas industry acts as the powerhouse employing hundreds of thousands of
• Upstream: The upstream component is also referred to as the E&P (exploration and
exploration). This involves the search for underwater and underground natural gas fields
or crude oil fields, the drilling of exploration wells, and drilling into established wells to
• Midstream: Midstream entails the transportation, storage and processing of oil and gas.
completely different geographic region compared to the oil and gas reserves.
Transportation can include anything from tanker ships to pipelines and trucking fleets.
• Downstream: Downstream refers to the filtering of the raw materials obtained during the
upstream phase. This means refining crude oil and purifying natural gas. The marketing
and commercial distribution of these products to consumers and end users in several
forms including natural gas, diesel oil, petrol, gasoline, lubricants, kerosene, jet fuel,
asphalt, heating oil, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) as well as several other types of
petrochemicals.
Organisation study 2
Even though the industry holds highest return of profits and employs thousands of
workers, there has been a growing negative sentiment towards the industry, as the world sees a
growth in the trend towards renewable and alternative energy in recent times, acting as a threat
The price collapse in the year 2014 led to a downfall of the industry due to imbalance
between demand and supply. Various developing countries such as China, Brazil, and Russia
showed immense thirst for oil and gas till 2010, after which, however, the upward trajectory of
their economies began to slow down, which led to a decline in the global oil consumption.
Meanwhile, the U.S was producing 3.5 million barrels of shale oil per day, which conjugated
More recently, the industry has been gaining confidence again as there’s been an
accelerated growth with an increase in the upstream production positively affecting the
midstream businesses. The prices have also stabilized and hundreds of thousands of jobs are
created.
The development of the Indian petroleum industry started mainly in the North-Eastern
part of India, especially in the place called Digboi in the state of Assam, however, an important
advancement in the Indian petroleum industry came with the passing of Industrial Policy
Resolution in 1956, which emphasized the focus on the growth and promotion of industries in
India. The Indian petroleum industry was sponsored completely by the government, and the
management control of the petroleum industry and all its related activity was entirely with the
government. The petroleum industry has the most significant role to play in changing the Indian
After the adoption of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation in July 1991, the
government started allowing the Indian petroleum industry to go into private hands and entered
into government and private joint ventures. The government also eased the stringent regulation
process on the petroleum industry. This gave a tremendous boost to the petroleum industry in
India. The industry began to grow at a tremendous pace. The overall Indian economy grew, and
the demand for petroleum products increased at an annual rate of about 5.5%. The demand for
petroleum and petroleum products continues to grow, and there is great potential for investors to
invest in the sector and gain valuable returns while meeting the increasing demands for the
petroleum products. The country has 5.6 billion barrels of proven oil reserves and 1,330 bcm of
The sector is of immense importance to the economy owing to its significant forward
integration with many other sectors. India is committed to boosting its growth in the years to
come and this progress would translate into the country’s energy needs growing many times. The
need of the hour, therefore, is to channelize all efforts on exploration of new blocks effectively as
well as efficiently. With increasing socio-economic development of the country there will be a
growing demand for energy. India is the 4th largest consumer of energy after China, USA and
Russia. The country is dependent on imports for about 78% of its crude oil requirement and to
the extent of about 33% in case of natural gas. The growing demand for crude oil and gas in the
country coupled with policy initiatives of the Government of India towards increased E&P
The Indian refining industry has established itself as a major player globally. India is
emerging as a refinery hub and refining capacity exceeds the demand. The country’s refining
Organisation study 4
capacity has increased from a modest 62 MMTPA in 1998 to 215.066 MMTPA at present. India
has a total of 22 refineries – 17 under public sector, 2 in Joint Venture and 3 under private sector.
Nestling in the sylvan environs of the Brahmaputra valley where the beautiful rendezvous
of water and land throws up myriad colours, Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL), which was set
up at Numaligarh in the district of Golaghat (Assam) in accordance with the provisions made in
the historic Assam Accord signed on 15th August 1985, has been conceived as a vehicle for
The 3 MMTPA (Million Metric Ton Per Annum) Numaligarh Refinery Limited was
dedicated to the nation by the erstwhile Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri A. B. Vajpayee on 9th July,
1999. NRL has been able to display creditable performance since commencement of commercial
production in October, 2000. With its concern, commitment and contribution to socio-economic
development of the state combined with a track record of continuous growth, NRL has been
The present authorized capital of the company is Rs. 1000 crores and paid up capital is
Shareholding Pattern:
Shareholding Pattern:
Business: Build, operate and maintain the Natural Gas Pipeline Grid connecting
Guwahati to the major North-Eastern cities and major load centres like Numaligarh
Refinery etc. including integrating it with gas producing fields, wherever feasible,
Shareholding Pattern:
1.2.4 Products
ranges as follows:
1. Light distillates
• LPG
• NAPHTHA
• Motor Spirits
2. Middle distillates
3. Heavy distillates
Organisation study 8
• Petroleum coke
• Sulphur
• Paraffin Wax
Exports
In an effort to bolster Government Of India’s 'Act East Policy,' NRL on its part has been able to
establish trade ties with neighboring South East Asian countries like Myanmar, Bangladesh,
Thailand, Vietnam etc. through export of Paraffin Wax and Diesel. NRL Wax has made its
presence felt across continents viz. Asia, Europe and the Americas in countries such as
Nicaragua, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Uganda, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
NRL is exporting Diesel to Bangladesh using the rail route from Siliguri to Parbatipur via
In line with the NE Hydrocarbon Vision 2030 document, NRL has signed an agreement
with Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) to build a product pipeline from NRL ‘s Siliguri
Imports
Numaligarh Refinery Limited imports around 40 TMT of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether at
NRL has achieved many awards and certification. During 2017-18, your Company was
Best House Journal (English), Best Annual Report and Effective use of Digital
Communication.
• PRSI National Awards 2017 instituted by Public Relations Society of India( PRSI)
for House Journal, Annual Report, Best Event Management (For Numaligarh
Marathon) and Best Social Media campaign (For NRL Startup initiative iDEATION)
Language Policy of Govt. of India and 1st Prize for NRL Hindi Magazine ‘Prayas’
• Vision:
and environment management, and to provide a fillip to the development of the region.
• Mission:
3. Create a pool of knowledgeable and inspired employees and ensure their personal
• Objectives:
refinery operation.
2. Ensure smooth and timely evacuation of products, create a sound customer based
protection.
4. Manage and operate the facilities in an efficient and cost-efficient manner for
6. Focus on development and growth of Human Resource through proper training and
career planning.
7. Plan for production and marketing of low volume, high value products.
3. FUNCTIONAL AREAS
A 439 52 30 104 5 21 32
C 424 37 62 138 16 27 9
C signifies the Manager position, and Group D signifies the Senior Manager
position.
abroad.
nos. of employees were nominated for external programs within India as per
Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), Other Backward Class (OBC)
criteria in promotion for SC/ST candidates. SC/ST candidates, who are called
for written test/ interview are also reimbursed to and fro travelling expenses.
OBCs.
The company has provided a gender friendly work place with equal
NRL has an internal Complaints Committee per provisions of the Act which is
proactive and functional. During the year 2017-18, one complaint of sexual
harassment was received and the same has been attended and disposed-off.
out and engage with all its employees. Transparent and timely dissemination
‘Rodali’ which encompasses the activities within the organisation and its
associate entities.
Departmental Review Meetings, meetings with collectives etc. are held within
teams and across functions for information and knowledge exchange for
Organisation study 17
management.
Chaitanya- the Vigilance newsletter, Prayas- the Hindi magazine etc. are
Staffing
The staffing process, that involves putting the right people in the right
positions at the right times, is one of the most critical tasks any organization
faces. The quality of the work performed can be only as high as the
following activities:
I. Recruitment:
are perhaps the most critical tasks any organization faces. Without the
II. Selection:
Job knowledge.
of right and leave admissible under the service rule of NRL may be
refuse leave, grant leave for a shorter period than applied for, revoke
the leave. One Officer is looking after the leave matter of employees
Operations
HR operations unit mainly work in the area of short term and long-
Employees Final Settlement, Maintain liaison with different AMC, which are
under the corporate agreement with NRL Asset Management Ltd Limited,
abroad. During the year 2017-18, 2514 man-days of training were imparted to
nos. of employees were nominated for external programs within India as per
3.2 Operations
products, ranging from the light distillate (LPG, NAPHTHA, Petrol), the
midway distillates (Diesel, Kerosene, ATF, Paraffin Wax), and the heavy
(Operations).
Organisation study 20
• Hydrogen Unit
• Wax Unit
- Planning team
people.
General Manager as well. Its function is to execute the different projects taken
up by the firm. NRL has completed the following projects in the year 2017-18
and has also committed to about 10 projects for the upcoming year:
Auto Fuel norms set by the Govt. of India for BS-IV grade fuels.
100% capacity utilization of the refinery and will also meet future
how business will be conducted and the standard terms under which external
policies and to understand or manage the financial and risk implications of any
variations.
Its major function is to procure all the materials required for the
small department consisting of not more than 6 officials. The main function of
Understanding (MoU) every year, and to look for new business opportunities
There are total 32 employees in this department and is run by the General
23
their market standards, policies and procedures. They ensure that salespeople
and marketing employees comply with pricing changes. They also make sure
and registers for pricing accuracy. They help their stores drive sales, increase
retailers.
the price point to make a profit, and set base prices and develop discount
liquidity, make sound financial investments for the future with any excess
cash, and reduce or enter into hedges against its financial risks.
Organisation study 25
This department also has the department of marketing finance under it,
Accounts
the cash flows, both in and out, of NRL. There are five basic roles or functions
process involves receiving and recording the cash payments from customers
ensuring the customer receives an invoice for the goods or services and that
the customer pays the balance due on that invoice. Financial controls come
into play once the cash receipts are received and recorded in the system, and a
possible and prevent any opportunity for wrong doing, NRL has one person
recording the cash and another person making the deposit at the bank.
utilities, taxes, etc., and receives invoices from vendors, records them in the
accounting system, and then writes the checks to pay the vendors. The
department. NRL again has one person responsible for recording the accounts
commissions, and so on that have been earned by its employees. They also
record the withholding of payroll taxes such as federal income taxes, Social
benefits such as health and dental insurance, paid holidays, vacations and sick
etc.
leadership and formulating accounting strategies, they can also help the
company establish a broad vision of where they are, where they want to be and
aging accounts looked into, and debts managed. They lay down the
compliance rules, make sure that the rules are adhered to and also
records are easily available for those who need to read them.
for working closely with the tax accountants and internal auditors.
Auditors require all kinds of data for completing their work, and
the financial controllers will make sure that the data is available.
to judge what the tax liabilities of the company are going to be and
how they can save tax. The financial controllers will have to
can assess risk, analyze efficiency and take a view on the policy
statements, asset statements and financial projections cannot be released until the
them. The General Manager also ensures that the numbers which appear in the
• An indirect tax is supposed to be collected by the firm and paid to the government, and, it is
passed on to the consumer as part of the purchase price of a good or service. The
consumer is ultimately paying the tax by paying more for the product. The accounting
for this is maintained in system through SAP ERP when sales take place.
The prices of oil and gas is not only determined by simple concepts of demand and
supply. The price of oil, as we know it, is set in the oil futures market. An oil futures
contract is a binding agreement that gives one the right to purchase oil by the barrel at a
predefined price on a predefined date in the future. Under a futures contract, both the
buyer and the seller are obligated to fulfil their side of the transaction on the specified
date. The mere belief that oil demand will increase dramatically at some point in the
future can result in a dramatic increase in oil prices in the present as speculators and
hedgers alike snap up oil futures contracts. Of course, the opposite is also true. The mere
belief that oil demand will decrease at some point in the future can result in a dramatic
decrease in prices in the present as oil futures contracts are sold (possibly sold short as
well), which means that prices can hinge on little more than market psychology at times.
Thus, the Pricing sub-department takes into consideration all these factors before
During the period of 6 weeks specializing in the finance department as a part of the
internship program, several ratio-analysis was carried forward for data analysis and
interpretations. A ratio is a simple arithmetical expression one number to another. The technique
position of a firm.
Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current assets and current
liabilities. This ratio is a measure of general liquidity and is most widely used to make the
analysis of a short-term financial position or liquidity of a firm. Current ratio is the indicator
of the availability of current assets to meet the current liabilities in a business concern. Higher
is the ratio, better is the coverage. It represents the margin of safety for the creditors. The
The comparative analysis for the evaluation of current assets is given below:
From the table, the ratio in the year 2015-16 is 2.72 which has
increased to 3.164 in the year 2016-17, which has again increased to 2.54 in
2017-18 and 2013-2014. Thus, the ratio sees an increase from the year 2015-
3.5
2.5
0.5
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the above figure it can be interpreted that the current ratio in the
financial year 2015-16 to 2016-17 had an increasing trend. But in the financial
tool for testing the liquidity position of the firm. It indicates the relationship
between strictly liquid assets and current liabilities. Liquid assets comprise all
Organisation study 31
current assets minus stock. The formula for calculating these ratios is as
follows-
From the table above, in the financial year 2015-16, the quick ratio is
1.98 which decreased negligibly to 1.972 in the next year. Further, in the year
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1 Quick ratio
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Organisational study 32
From the figure it can be interpreted that the quick ratio in the year 2016 decreased in
the next financial year because of slight increase in inventories. Further in the next financial
year it decreased significantly because of the significant increase in the inventories by 178.97
cr.
Earnings per share (EPS) is the portion of a company's profit allocated to each share of
company to report EPS that are adjusted for extraordinary items, potential share dilution. Most
However, the diluted earnings per share is a calculation used to gauge the quality of a
company's earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised. Convertible
securities are all outstanding convertible preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options,
and warrants. Unless a company has no additional potential shares outstanding (rare), the diluted
EPS will always be lower than the simple or basic EPS. Diluted EPS is calculated as:
From the above table, it can be understood that in the year 2015-16, the EPS was 16.45.
In 2016-17, the EPS was 27.79 and 28.55 in the year 2017-18. Thus, an increment of EPS can
30
25
20
15
EPS
10
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the above, it can be observed that the year 2016-17 has seen an
appreciable increment in the firm’s diluted earnings per share value. Since
there’s a positive trend between the three years, it can be understood that the
and is able to generate a significant dividend for investors, and it may plow the
funds back into its business for more growth. Thus, an increase in this ratio
which are financed by proprietors’ funds. The proprietary ratio is also known
useful for creditors to assess the ratio of shareholders’ funds employed out of
Thus, from the above table, it can be understood that there is a positive
72
70
68
66
64
62 Proprietary ratio
60
58
56
54
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the above figure, it can be observed that there’s a positive trend
of the proprietary ratio from the year 2015-16 to 2017-18, therefore, indicating
an increase in the strength of NRL’s financial position and greater security for
creditors of NRL and the company is not dependent on debts for its operations.
Organisation study 36
meet its debt and other obligations. The solvency ratio indicates whether a
company’s cash flow is enough to meet its short-term and long-term liabilities.
The lower a company's solvency ratio, the greater the probability that it will
term liabilities)
Thus, it can be observed from the table above that there’s a positive
trend of the solvency ratio from the year 2015-16 to 2016-17. However,
1.2
0.8
0.6
Solvency ratio
0.4
0.2
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the above chart, it can be understood that there’s a positive trend
of the solvency ratio from the year 2015-16 to 2016-17, indicating that cash
flow is gradually reaching the point of being enough to meet its short-term and
long-term liabilities and the probability that it will default on its debt
The interest coverage ratio is a debt ratio and profitability ratio used to
determine how easily a company can pay interest on its outstanding debt. The
before interest and taxes during a given period by the company's interest
Interest expenses
Thus, it can be observed from the table above that the interest coverage
ratio has decreased by an appreciable amount from the year 2016-17 till 2017-
18.
40
35
30
25
20 Interest coverage
15 rato
10
5
0
2016-17 2017-18
trend of the interest coverage ratio over the years, which may indicate that
company. This ratio indicates the extent to which the owner’s cash is frozen in
the form of fixed assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and the extent
to which funds are available for the company's operations (i.e. for working
Fixed assets to Net worth ratio = Net Fixed assets/ Net worth
From the table above, it is observable that this ratio has been negligibly
fluctuating over the years. There is a decrease in the value from the year 2015-
16 to 2016-17 and an increment in the same from the year 2016-17 to 2017-
18.
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.1
0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the about chart, it can be understood that the ratio value has been
negligibly fluctuating over the past three years. This, thus, indicates that the
firm hasn’t been able to remain stable in terms of the extent to which the
firm’s cash is frozen in the form of fixed assets, such as property, plant, and
equipment, and the extent to which funds are available for the company's
working capital.
relative to its total assets. ROA gives a manager, investor, or analyst an idea as
From the above table it can be understood that the return on assets (in
terms of percentage) had increased over the years eventually and depicts a
positive trend.
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% ROA (%)
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
From the above chart it can be understood that the return on assets in
earnings.
Organisation study 42
short-term funds available from current assets is more than adequate to pay for
current liabilities as they come due for payment. A positive net working
capital will arise when current assets exceed current liabilities and vice versa.
From the table above, it can be understood that the Net working capital
from the year 2015-16 has increased by 504.7 cr in the year 2016-17. Further,
3000
2500
2000
500
0
2015-16 201617 2017-18
From the above figure, it can be understood that the net working
capital shows a positive trend from the year 2015-16 to 2016-17. The increase
in the same indicates the increase in strength of the financial position of the
firm and the fact that the firm has enough working capital to meet its short-
term liabilities. However, there’s a fall in the next year, suggesting otherwise.
Organisation study 44
5. SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
The Company’s net worth has progressively risen to the level of `5,044
crores as on 31st March 2018 with reserves and surplus at `4,309 crores. The
Company’s financial position and favourable credit ratings augur well for the
performing refineries in the country with highest distillate yield and lowest
specific energy consumption. NRL has the largest wax producing unit in the
2015-16, it has ended the last fiscal with highest market share in the country.
margin. NRL has commissioned the Diesel Hydrotreater Unit in Jan’18 and is
capable of producing both BS-IV and BS-VI grade of HSD at 100% capacity
WEAKNESSES
MMTPA. Coupled with this, the logistical bottlenecks for importing limited
around 16% and HSD demand growing near 9%. In view of this, cost to
evacuate product outside the region is likely to come down in near future.
OPPORTUNITIES
MMTPA.
able to maintain its highest market share in the country for paraffin wax. There
countries worldwide.
THREATS
to be a primary threat for the Company. Production of oil in the region has
been declining over the past few years. On the other hand, due to increase in
demand for Natural gas in the region, there have been concerns for
to connect the North East Refineries with a source of imported oil and Natural
6. SUGGESTIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
• NRL only sells 10% of its products directly, and 90% is given off to its
and not a commercial one. Therefore, they can focus more on selling their
• NRL can look to grow market abroad since it is only involved with a few
Thailand, etc., it must look to expand into different countries through its
printers, copiers, fax machines, ink and toner cartridges, eliminate filing
cabinets and reduce office space, secured backup of all documents, etc.
Organisation study 49
7. CONCLUSION
an opportunity to learn about the working of a Public Sector Unit and the
importance of all the departments being efficient and sincere because they are
all inter-related and failure in one department to achieve its goals can lead to a
performance. The firm is very well coordinated and has been able to achieve
more than its goals ever-since its set up. The firm has performed
Crore in the previous year. This depicts intensive growth in the firm’s
performance.
mixture of steps and pieces that interrelate and affect each other, and not only
one part of the analysis should be interpreted in isolation. For example, short
management influences the cost and availability of credit, which shapes the
performance, and outlook affects the share price. The last step of financial
Organisation study 50
During the period, it was also learnt that the working capital is the
industry or service industry. Working capital is the prime and most important
requirement for
carrying out the day to day operations of the business. The goal of
operations and that it can satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming
working capital of the firm under uncertainty, the firm must ensure that it have
and it also should re-assess its credit policies to ensure the timely collection of
8. REFERENCES
https://www.nrl.co.in.
ANNEXURE I
ANNEXURE II
ANNEXURE III
ANNEXURE IV
ANNEXURE V
ANNEXURE VI
ANNEXURE VII
ANNEXURE VIII
Logo Concept
The design concept of NRL corporate identity is based upon the theme
‘Energy in Motion’. The sun is the universal source of energy, and the
both energy for motion, as well as light for the nation. But as an
region.
ANNEXURE IX
Board of directors