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Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 32.08 kNm
1st 10 6.7 80 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 10 0 100 mm Depth of slab ts 250 mm
3rd 10 0 120 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 10 0 140 mm Depth of girder D 250 mm
5th 10 0 160 mm Effective depth of girder d 170 mm
6th 10 0 180 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 21 mm OK
7th 10 0 200 mm
Total 6.7 80 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 524 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.21 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 36.8 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 34.93 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 615 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 21.38 kNm
1st 10 6.666666667 80 mm
2nd 10 0 100 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 10 0 120 mm Depth of slab T = 250 mm
4th 10 0 140 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 10 0 160 mm Depth of girder D = 250 mm
6th 10 0 180 mm Effective depth of girder d = 170 mm
7th 10 0 200 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 125.58 mm
Total 6.666666667 80 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 524 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 250000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 1 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.31E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 1.04E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 2.95E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 9.98 kNm
1st 10 6.666666667 80 mm
2nd 10 0 100 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 10 0 120 mm Depth of slab T = 250 mm
4th 10 0 140 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 10 0 160 mm Depth of girder D = 250 mm
6th 10 0 180 mm Effective depth of girder d = 170 mm
7th 10 0 200 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 125.58 mm
Total 6.666666667 80 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 524 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 250000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 1 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.31E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 1.04E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 2.95E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 2.12 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 15086.87 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 250 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 170 mm
x = 205 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
2.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 2.5M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 55.97 kNm
1st 12 8 81 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Depth of slab ts 250 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Depth of girder D 250 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Effective depth of girder d 169 mm
7th 12 0 225 mm
Total 8 81 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 905 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.36 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 60.7 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 49.23 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
1/3
(0.12k (80r l f ck ) + k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
o
q = 45.00 cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 611 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Dia of
Layer No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment
Bar = 37.31 kNm
1st 12 8 81 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Depth of slab T = 250 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Depth of girder D = 250 mm
6th 12 0 201 mm Effective depth of girder d = 169 mm
7th 12 0 225 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 125.97 mm
Total 8 81 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 905 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 250000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 1 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.31E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 1.04E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 3.05E+07 mm
Dia of
Layer No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment
Bar = 19.49 kNm
1st 12 8 81 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Depth of slab T = 250 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Depth of girder D = 250 mm
6th 12 0 201 mm Effective depth of girder d = 169 mm
7th 12 0 225 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 125.97 mm
Total 8 81 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 905 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 250000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 1 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.31E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 1.04E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 3.05E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 3.99 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 14659.85 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 250 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 169 mm
x = 206 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
3.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 3.0M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 89.01 kNm
1st 12 10 81 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Depth of slab ts 300 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Depth of girder D 300 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Effective depth of girder d 219 mm
6th 12 0 201 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 46 mm OK
7th 12 0 225 mm
Total 10 81 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 1131 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.38 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 98.7 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 65.76 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 792 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 59.34 kNm
1st 12 10 81 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Depth of slab T = 300 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Depth of girder D = 300 mm
6th 12 0 201 mm Effective depth of girder d = 219 mm
7th 12 0 225 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 151.59 mm
Total 10 81 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1131 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 300000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 2 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 2.28E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 1.51E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 3.39E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 33.68 kNm
1st 12 10 81 mm
2nd 12 0 105 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 12 0 129 mm Depth of slab T = 300 mm
4th 12 0 153 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 12 0 177 mm Depth of girder D = 300 mm
6th 12 0 201 mm Effective depth of girder d = 219 mm
7th 12 0 225 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 151.59 mm
Total 10 81 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1131 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 300000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 2 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 2.28E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 1.51E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 3.39E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 6.22 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 21748.99 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 300 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 219 mm
x = 235 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
4.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 3.50M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 132.61 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Depth of slab ts 350 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Depth of girder D 350 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Effective depth of girder d 267 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 65 mm OK
7th 16 0 275 mm
Total 8 83 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 1608 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.46 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 168.5 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 84.51 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 966 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 88.41 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 350 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 350 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 267 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 177.57 mm
Total 8 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1608 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 350000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 3 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 3.66E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 2.06E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 4.09E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 53.48 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 350 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 350 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 267 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 177.57 mm
Total 8 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1608 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 350000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 3 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 3.66E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 2.06E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 4.09E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 8.18 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 27931.71 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 350 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 267 mm
x = 266 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
5.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 4.0M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 188.18 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Depth of slab ts 400 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Depth of girder D 400 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Effective depth of girder d 317 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 65 mm OK
7th 16 0 275 mm
Total 8 83 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 1608 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.40 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 203.4 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 105.49 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 1147 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 125.45 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 400 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 400 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 317 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 202.87 mm
Total 8 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1608 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 400000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 3 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 5.47E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 2.70E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 4.79E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 79.83 kNm
1st 16 8 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 400 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 400 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 317 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 202.87 mm
Total 8 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 1608 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 400000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 3 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 5.47E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 2.70E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 4.79E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 10.42 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 34686.14 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 400 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 317 mm
x = 296 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
6.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 4.5M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 257.11 kNm
1st 16 10 83 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Depth of slab ts 450 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Depth of girder D 450 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Effective depth of girder d 367 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 82 mm OK
7th 16 0 275 mm
Total 10 83 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 2011 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.45 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 292.3 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 128.70 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 1328 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 171.41 kNm
1st 16 10 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 450 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 450 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 367 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 228.86 mm
Total 10 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 2011 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 450000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 4 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 7.84E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 3.43E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 5.68E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 113.67 kNm
1st 16 10 83 mm
2nd 16 0 115 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 16 0 147 mm Depth of slab T = 450 mm
4th 16 0 179 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 16 0 211 mm Depth of girder D = 450 mm
6th 16 0 243 mm Effective depth of girder d = 367 mm
7th 16 0 275 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 228.86 mm
Total 10 83 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 2011 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 450000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 4 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 7.84E+09 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 3.43E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 5.68E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 12.52 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 41088.14 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 450 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 367 mm
x = 327 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm
7.0 DESIGN OF U-TROUGH 5.0M HEIGHT
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment 340.81 kNm
1st 20 8 85 mm Width of Slab ws 1000 mm
2nd 20 0 125 mm Depth of slab ts 500 mm
3rd 20 0 165 mm Width of web bw 1000 mm
4th 20 0 205 mm Depth of girder D 500 mm
5th 20 0 245 mm Effective depth of girder d 415 mm
6th 20 0 285 mm Depth of neutral axis xu 102 mm OK
7th 20 0 325 mm
Total 8 85 mm Cover 75 mm
Area of bottom steel (mm2) = 2513 Dia of shear stirrup 0 mm
Grade of Concrete M30 MPa
0.50 Reinforcement fyk 500 MPa
Shape factor 0.80
h 1.00
f cd 13.40 Mpa
gs 1.15
xu / d 0.46
Taking moments about top of fibre gives moment of resistance Mr 408.9 kNm OK
(ii) SHEAR CHECK - ULS CASE
V ED is ultimate design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading 154.14 KN
V Rd,c is the design shear reinforcement of the member without shear reinforcement
(0.12k (80r l f ck )1/3+ k 1 s cp)b w d [ Clause 10.3.2]
subject to a minimum of (ν min + 0.15 s cp )b w d
0
Try vertical links where a = 90 and a strut angle q of 45 :
a cw is a co-efficient taking in to account of the state of the stress in the compressive chord 1.00
where scp = 0
f cd 13.400 Mpa
q = 45.00 o
cot q 1.00
tan q 1.00
bw 1000 mm
V RD.max design value of maximum shear force a cw b w z v 1 f cd / (cot q +tan q ) 1501 KN
Hence Ok
(iii) DESIGN - SLS CASE - STRESS CHECK
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 227.21 kNm
1st 20 8 85 mm
2nd 20 0 125 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 20 0 165 mm Depth of slab T = 500 mm
4th 20 0 205 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 20 0 245 mm Depth of girder D = 500 mm
6th 20 0 285 mm Effective depth of girder d = 415 mm
7th 20 0 325 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 255.03 mm
Total 8 85 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 2513 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 500000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 5 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = Fe500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
m = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.08E+10 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus ZT = 4.25E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 6.77E+07 mm
Layer Dia of Bar No.of Bars CGfrom bot. Bending Moment = 155.93 kNm
1st 20 8 85 mm
2nd 20 0 125 mm Width of Slab W = 1000 mm
3rd 20 0 165 mm Depth of slab T = 500 mm
4th 20 0 205 mm Width of web WW = 1000 mm
5th 20 0 245 mm Depth of girder D = 500 mm
6th 20 0 285 mm Effective depth of girder d = 415 mm
7th 20 0 325 mm Depth of neutral axis N = 255.03 mm
Total 8 85 mm 0.00
2 2
Area of bottom steel = 2513 mm Area of beam above neutral axis = 500000 mm
Cover = 75 mm CG of beam above neutral axis = 5 mm
Dia of shear stirrup = 0 mm
Grade of Concrete = 30 Comparing moment of area about neutral axis
Reinforcement = 500 W*T+WTF*T1*(N-T1*0.5)+WTF*T2*(N-2*T2*2/3)+(N-T1-T2)^2/2*WW
modular ratio = 6.25 = m*Ast*(d-N)
4
Permissible stresses Cracked Moment of Inertia = 1.08E+10 mm
In concrete = 14.4 Mpa
3
In steel = 300.0 Mpa Top Section Modulus at top of deck ZT = 4.25E+07 mm
3
Bottom Section Modulus ZB = 6.77E+07 mm
s sc = is the stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section = 14.39 Mpa
A c.eff = is the effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement = 46939.53 mm2
of depth h c.eff , where h c.eff is the lesser of following
b = 1000 mm
1 One third of the tension zone depth of the cracked section,(h-x)/3, h = 500 mm
with x negative when whole section is in tension d = 415 mm
x = 359 mm
2 half of section depth,h/2, or
3 2.5*(h-d)
f ct.eff = is the mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete effective at the = 2.200 Mpa
time when the cracks may first be expected to occur f ct.eff = f ctm