DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

COMBINED FOOTING
 Combined footing is simply defined as footing supporting two or more columns.
 The function of a footing or a foundation is to transmit the load form the structure to the underlying soil. The
choice of suitable type of footing depends on the depth at which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition and
the type of superstructure.

CASES WHERE COMBINED FOOTING IS PRACTICAL:

1. When one column is close to a property line or sewer pipe with the result that a spread footing would be
eccentrically loaded.
2. When two columns are close together, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings.
3. Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings

TYPICAL TWO COLLUMN COMBINED FOOTINGS:

1. RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING 2. TRAPEZOIDAL COMBINED FOOTING

3. T-SHAPED 4. STRAP FOOTING

STRAP

RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING:

When to use a rectangular combined footing?
 Use a rectangular footing when the load of the INTERIOR COLUMN is GREATER THAN that of the exterior
column. (Exterior column is the column near the PROPERTY line.)

Exterior Interior
Column Column
Interior Exterior
Column Column

Property Line is on the left side Property Line is on the right side

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

Design limitations and assumptions:

1. A rigid design is assumed.
2. A uniform or planar soil pressure distribution is obtained beneath the footing is fairly rigid and the
underlying soil is soft so that sufficient soil creep and pressure development re-adjustment takes
place.
3. Uniform soil conditions in the footing zone
4. Neglect of contribution of superstructure rigidity.

PROBLEM: DESIGN OF A COMBINED FOOTING SUPPORTING ONE EXTERIOR AND ONE INTERIOR COLUMN
An exterior column (600mmx500mm) with DL = 810kN and LL = 780 kN and an interior column (600x600) with D = 1210
kN and 955 kN are to be supported by a combined rectangular footing whose outer end is 0.40m from the center of the
exterior column. The center to center distance between the columns is 5.5m and the allowable soil bearing pressure of
the soil is 280 kPa. The bottom of the footing is 1.80m below grade and a surcharge of 7kPa is specified on the surface.
Design the footing using fc’=28Mpa, fy = 415 MPa and 18.50 kN/m3.

SOLUTION:
0.40m 5.50m

PDL=810 kN PDL=1210 kN
R=3755 kN
PLL=780 kN PLL=955 kN

/̅
Property line

For the length: (The goal is that the resultant must fall on the centroid of a rectangle, which is /2)
A. PROPORTIONING OF FOOTING

810 780 1590

1210 955 2165
1590 2165 3755
@ "#$"%#&' ()*% 0
+0.40. +0.40 5.50. +/̅ .
1590+0.40. 2165+5.90. 3755+/̅ .
/̅ 3.57111
2/̅ 3.5711+2. 7.14221

: *$#3%# *$& &$ 4%*%#5&% %66%*&#)6)&', 3$ *$& #$8*3 $99 :5(8% $9

ℎ% #%<8(&5*& 18<& 95(( =>? 5& &ℎ% 6%*&#$)3.

@ABC*$ 4):%*
For the width:

1 1
@D E 5""#$/ @F G + H AHIBCB .JKL M G @ 280 G +23.60 18.50.+1.80. G 7 235.11 5
2 2
3755
235.11 ; N 2.23621
N+7.1422.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

: %:%* )9 N )< #$8*3%3 8", )& P)(( *$& 4%*%#5&% %66%*&#)6)&'.

∴ N 2.301 5*3 7.14221

1.20K 1.60 1.20+810. 1.60+780. 2220

B. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOOTING:
R
R 1.20K 1.60 1.20+1210. 1.60+955. 2980
RE CF 2220 2980 5200
5200
S(&)15&% 5&)$, S 1.3848
RE CF
E CF 3755
3755
@ 525.7483688 /1
7.1422
LOAD, SHEAR and MOMENT DIAGRAM:

1590 2165

@ 525.7483688 /1

1511.910865
210.2990417

G653.0891346
G1379.700958
405.637053
42.05980834

G1768.290556

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

BEAM SHEAR:
The critical section is also at a distance “d” from the face of the column.

0.30 3

Face of the column 0.301

1511.910865

TR

TR

G1379.700958 Face of the column

0.251 Ultimate shear at a

0.25 3
distance “d” from the
Ultimate shear at a
face of INTERIOR
distance “d” from the
COLUMN
face of EXTERIOR
1379.700958 1511.910865
COLUMN
^
5

525.7476043 /1
1

T 1379.700958 G 525.7476043+0.25 3. 1248.264057 G 525.74760433

T 1511.910865 G 525.7476043+0.30 3. 1354.186584 G 525.74760433

∴ 6$*<)3%# Pℎ)6ℎ )< 1$#% 6#)&)65( +4#%5&%# 9$#6%.

TU 1354.186584 G 525.74760433
TRU S. +TU . 1.3848+1354.186584 G 525.74760433.
TRU 1875.30499 G 728.06592343

1
TVU WT* W X96 Y Z3
6
1 1
WT* W X96 Y Z3 0.75 [ \ J√28M+1000.+2.30. 1521.3070043
6 6

TRU TVU
1875.30499 G 728.06592343 1521.3070043
3 0.8337012361

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

PUNCHING SHEAR:
For punching shear, the critical section is at a distance d/2 from the face of the column.

2220 2980
@_ 316.5509 5
R
N 2.30+7.1422.

Check for the adequacy of 3 0.8337012361

3
0.416851
2

INTERIOR COLUMN:

> 1.4337+1.06685. 1.52951`

Z 1.4337 2+1.06685. 3.56741
R 2220
0.60 3
1.43371 TR` R G @R > 2220 G 316.5509+1.5295.
TR` 1735.8354

TV` WTA
Pℎ%#% TA )< &ℎ% (%<<%# $9:
2 1 1
[1 \ [ X96Z 3\ $# X96Z 3
a 6 3
0.40 0.25 0.41685
2 1 2 1 1
1.066851 [1 \ [ \ [1 \ [ \ 0.2740 b
a 6 7.1422/2.30 6 3
2 1
WTA 0.75 c1 d [ \ J√28M+1000.+3.5674.+0.83370. 3234.2092 e TR` ∴ <59%‼!
7.1422 6
2.30

> 1.4337+1.4337. 2.05551`

EXTERIOR COLUMN:

Z 4+1.4337. 5.73481
R 2980
0.60 3
1.43371 TR` R G @R > 2980 G 316.5509+2.0555.
TR` 2329.3296

TV` WTA

0.60 3
1.43371
2 1
WTA 0.75 c1 d [ \ J√28M+1000.+5.7348.+0.83370.
7.1422 6
2.30
5199.1766 e TR` ∴ <59%‼!
3 0.8337012361

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

1
KH 833.701 75 +25. 921.20111
2

S^ KV 95011; 3 862.5011; Kh 0.851

3755
Check q actual:
@FHC_F 23.60+0.950. 18.50+0.85. 7 273.7312 5 b 280 5
+2.30.+7.1422.
∴ <59%‼!

∴ vwx y. z{|}. ~•yy|{. €•‚ ƒ„„…†‡ˆ

FLEXURE:

+S. . +G1768.290556.+1.3848. G2448.764552 G1

A. Longitudinal Bars (Top Bars) >> Negative Moment
R
Z 230011; 3 862.5011

9j
WiZ3` 9j k1 G 0.59i l no
_
9H ′
415
2448.764552 0.90i+2300.+862.50.` +415. k1 G 0.59i [ \o 10pq
28
G5588287.314i` 639052.6641i G 2448.764552 0
i 0.003970
4
i 0.005293
3
Check ir A
X96 Y 1.40
?
49' 9'
√28 1.40
?
4+415. 415
0.003188 b 0.003373
4
ir A 0.003373 b i
3

∴i 0.003970

> 0.003970+2300.+862.50. 7875.4875 11`

7875.4875
* t 17 Z5#<
+25.`
4

2300 G 150 G 17+25. 4

Check Clear Spacing:

^V 107.812511 e 3u ; e 2511; e ^>

17 G 1 3

^HC H 107.8125 25 132.812511 b 45011

Check center to center spacing:

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

B. Longitudinal Bars (Bottom Bars) >> Positive Moment

1590 2165

@ 525.7483688 /1
1.69221
Do not use the maximum

1.6922
positive moment from the
525.7483688+1.6922. [ \ 752.7509628 G 1 moment diagram because
2
+S. . 752.7509628+1.3848. 1042.4095 G 1 center of column.
that is the moment at the
R
Z 230011; 3 862.5011 Just compute the moment @

9j
the overhang considering it

WiZ3` 9j k1 G 0.59i l no
as a cantilever beam.
_
9H ′
415
1042.4095 0.90i+2300.+862.50.` +415. k1 G 0.59i [ \o 10pq
28
G5588287.314i` 639052.6641i G 1042.4095 0
i 0.001655
4
i 0.002207
3
Check ir A
4
ir A 0.003373 e i
3

∴i 0.003373

> 0.003373+2300.+862.50. 6691.18875 11`

6691.18875
* t 14 Z5#<
+25.`
4

2300 G 150 G 14+25. 4

Check Clear Spacing:

^V 138.461511 e 3u ; e 2511; e ^>

14 G 1 3

^HC H 138.4615 25 163.461511 b 45011

Check center to center spacing:

∴ ‰Š„‹†Œx ~} ‰•w Žy•‚‚ …„‰ ••Šw •‡Œ ~• ‰•w Žy•‚‚

•„……„‚ ••Šw •‘„‡ˆ ‘„‡ˆ†…’Œ†‡•‘ Œ†Šx•…†„‡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

 At a distance d/2 from the face of the column, provide ir A

C. TRANSVERSE DIRECTION

3 862.5011 G 2511 837.5011

3
418.7511
2

2.301 #$:)3% ir A

#$:)3% ir A

418.7511 418.7511 418.7511

1.068751 1.43751

3 837.5011; Z 1068.7511
C.1 At the external column:

2220
@R 965.2174 /1
R
0.851
0.851
2.30 2.30
2.301
0.85
+965.2174.+0.85. [ \
R
2
@R 965.2174
1 348.6848 G1

1.068751

9j
WiZ3` 9j k1 G 0.59i l no
_
9H ′
415
348.6848 0.90i+1068.75.+837.50.` +415. k1 G 0.59i [ \o 10pq
28
G2448377.853i` 279986.0317i G 348.6848 0
i 0.0012592
4
i 0.0016789
3
Check ir A
4
ir A 0.003373 e i
3
∴ i 0.003373
> 0.003373+1068.75.+837.50. 3019.098511`
3019.0985
* t 7 Z5#<
+25.`
4

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

3 837.5011; Z 1437.511
C.2 At the interior column

2980
@R
R
0.851 2.30 2.30
0.851 1295.652174
2.301 1

0.85
1295.652174+0.85. [ \
R
2
@R 1295.652174
468.0543 /1
1

1.43751

9j
WiZ3` 9j k1 G 0.59i l no
_
9H ′
415
468.0543 0.90i+1437.5.+837.50.` +415. k1 G 0.59i [ \o 10pq
28
G3293139.802i` 376589.3994i G 468.0543 0
i 0.0012567
4
i 0.0016756
3
Check ir A
4
ir A 0.003373 e i
3
∴ i 0.003373
> 0.003373+1437.5.+837.50. 4060.775781 11`
34060.775781
* t 8 Z5#<
+25.`
4

∴ ‰Š„‹†Œx } ‰•w Žy• ••Šw ’‡ŒxŠ …–x x|…xŠ‡•‘ •„‘’‚‡ •‡Œ

— ‰•w Žy• ••Šw ’‡ŒxŠ …–x †‡…xŠ‡•‘ •„‘’‚‡ •‘„‡ˆ …Š•‡w‹xŠwx Œ†Šx•…†„‡

 Just compute the spacing, Z 100011, 3 837.5011

C.3 Outside column zones:

ir A 0.003373

> 0.003373+1000.+837.50. 2824.887511`

t
1000 “4 ” +25.`
<"56)*4, < 173.767611 • 17011
2824.8875

∴ ‰Š„‹†Œx Žy•‚‚ w‰••xŒ @~}{‚‚ •‘„‡ˆ …–x …Š•‡w‹xŠwx Œ†Šx•…†„‡

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

PROBLEM:
Design an appropriate footing for the following conditions:
#$"%#&'
)*%
0.401/0.401
˜™ 400 ˜™ 350
™™ 600 ™™ 400
96 Y 21 5 0.401/0.301
9' 415 5 Distance b/n column 3.60m O.C

@ 3.50 5

γsoil =15.85 kN/m3

1.601
qa =165 kPa

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO