INTERACTIVE SCHEMATIC

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 KENR9656-01
December 2011

312E Excavator
Hydraulic System
GAC1-UP
MJD1-UP
PZL-UP
WEY1-UP

© 2011 Caterpillar, All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.

COMPONENT LOCATION

Component Location
Part Machine Schematic
Description
Number Location Location
Accumulator Gp - Hydraulic (Charged) 164-6981 1 A-5
Control Gp - Joystick (LH) 323-7948 2 A-8
Control Gp - Joystick (RH) 323-7947 3 A-7
Cylinder Gp - Boom Note A 4 F-4
Cylinder Gp - Bucket Note A 5 F-3
Cylinder Gp - Stick Note A 6 F-4
Filter and Valve Gp - Pilot (Hydraulic Oil) 158-8987 7 B-3
Filter Gp - Oil (Hydraulic, Main Return) 259-0869 8 A-4
Filter Gp - Oil (Hydraulic, Case Drain) 289-8194 9 A-3
Manifold Gp - Control (Pilot Oil Supply) 215-5037 10 A-5
Motor Gp - Swing 170-9893 11 F-5
Motor Gp - Travel (Left) 374-5964 12 F-8
Motor Gp - Travel (Right) 374-5964 13 F-7
Pump Gp - Main Hydraulic 352-9451 14 B-2
Sensor Gp - Pressure (Boom Down) 338-6970 15 B-7
Sensor Gp - Pressure Drive Pump 338-6971 16 C-4
Sensor Gp - Pressure Driven Pump 338-6971 17 C-4
Sensor Gp - Pressure (Negative F Cont, Drive Pump) 338-6970 18 D-2
Sensor Gp - Pressure (Negative F Cont, Driven Pump) 338-6970 19 D-2
Switch As - Pressure (Implement) 349-5406 20 E-4
Switch As - Pressure (Travel) 349-5406 21 E-4
Swivel Gp 162-4696 22 E-7
Valve Gp - Check (Cooler Bypass) 259-7873 23 C-2
Valve Gp - Main Control 335-0550 24 D-2
Valve Gp - Pilot (Travel) 170-9497 25 C-8
Valve Gp - Pressure Reducing (Boom Priority) 352-7065 26 B-3
Valve Gp - Shuttle 123-2430 27 C-6
Valve Gp - Solenoid and Press Reducing (Boom Lowering Control) 323-7894 28 D-7
Valve Gp - Travel Counterbalance (Left) 349-9520 29 E-8
Valve Gp - Travel Counterbalance (Right) 349-9520 30 E-7

Note A: Refer to parts manual for specific cylinder information.

TAP LOCATION

Tap Location
Pressure and Sampling
Tap Schematic
Description
Number Location
AA Boom Lowering Control Pressure D-8
BB Pilot Pump Delivery Pressure A-4
CC Driven Pump Delivery Pressure B-3
DD Drive Pump Delivery Pressure A-3
EE Case Drain Pressure A-2
FF Powershift Pressure A-2
SOS Hydraulic Oil Sampling Port A-3
FLUID POWER SYMBOLS
BASIC COMPONENT SYMBOLS

MAIN AUX.
PUMP: VARIABLE and
PUMP or MOTOR FLUID CONDITIONER SPRING CONTROL VALVES RESTRICTION LINE RESTRICTION 2-SECTION PUMP PRESSURE COMPENSATED
(FIXED)

VARIABILITY SPRING LINE RESTRICTION PRESSURE HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC LINE RESTRICTION ATTACHMENT
(ADJUSTABLE) (VARIABLE) COMPENSATION ENERGY TRIANGLES VARIABLE and PRESSURE
COMPENSATED

VALVE ENVELOPES
VALVES
VALVE PORTS

ONE POSITION TWO POSITION THREE POSITION TWO-WAY THREE-WAY FOUR-WAY

CONTROL VALVES CHECK VALVES

AB AB

P T P T
BASIC SPRING SHUTTLE PILOT
NORMAL POSITION SHIFTED POSITION INFINITE POSITION
SYMBOL LOADED CONTROLLED

FLUID STORAGE RESERVOIRS

VENTED PRESSURIZED RETURN ABOVE FLUID LEVEL RETURN BELOW FLUID LEVEL

MEASUREMENT ROTATING SHAFTS

PRESSURE TEMPERATURE FLOW UNIDIRECTIONAL BIDIRECTIONAL

COMBINATION CONTROLS

SOLENOID SOLENOID SOLENOID SOLENOID and SERVO THERMAL DETENT

or MANUAL and PILOT PILOT or MANUAL

MANUAL CONTROL SYMBOLS

PUSH-PULL LEVER MANUAL SHUTOFF GENERAL MANUAL PUSH BUTTON PEDAL SPRING

RELEASED PRESSURE PILOT CONTROL SYMBOLS

REMOTE SUPPLY PRESSURE

EXTERNAL RETURN INTERNAL RETURN SIMPLIFIED COMPLETE INTERNAL

SUPPLY PRESSURE

ACCUMULATORS CROSSING AND JOINING LINES HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

SPRING LOADED GAS CHARGED LINES CROSSING LINES JOINING SINGLE ACTING DOUBLE ACTING

HYDRAULIC PUMPS HYDRAULIC MOTORS INTERNAL PASSAGEWAYS

FIXED VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT FIXED VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT INFINITE THREE TWO

DISPLACEMENT NON-COMPENSATED DISPLACEMENT NON-COMPENSATED POSITIONING POSITION POSITION

UNIDIRECTIONAL UNIDIRECTIONAL

FLOW IN ONE PARALLEL CROSS FLOW ALLOWED IN

BIDIRECTIONAL BIDIRECTIONAL DIRECTION FLOW FLOW EITHER DIRECTION
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
Hydraulic Symbols (Electrical)

G M
Transducer Transducer Generator Electric Motor
(Fluid) (Gas / Air)

Pressure Switch Pressure Switch Temperature Switch Electrical Wire

(Adjustable)

Electrical Symbols (Electrical)

Pressure Temperature Level Flow

Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol

Wire Number Identification Codes

Electrical Schematic Example Hydraulic Schematic Example

Current Standard Current Standard

Harness identification code
This example indicates
wire 135 in harness "AG". Wire
Circuit Number Wire Color
Identification

325-AG135 PK-14
325-PK
Circuit Identification Wire Color Wire Gauge
Number

Previous Standard
Wire Color
Wire

325-PK-14
B A
Circuit Number Wire Gauge
Identification (EXAMPLE VALVE)
 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(12) MOTOR GP (13) MOTOR GP
LEFT TRAVEL RIGHT TRAVEL
374-5964 374-5964 (4) BOOM CYLINDER (6) STICK CYLINDER (5) BUCKET CYLINDER
(11) MOTOR GP
TRAVEL MOTOR (LEFT) TRAVEL MOTOR (RIGHT) SWING MOTOR
SWING
PR 170-9893

DR

F F
Pp3 Pp3
T1 T1
AL2 BL2 AR3 BR3 BL4 AL4
T2 T2

BG AG

B MU A
AG BG BG AG
BR2 AR2

PB PB

A B B A

(29) VALVE GP (30) VALVE GP

TRAVEL LEFT TRAVEL RIGHT
COUNTERBALANCE AR1 BL1 COUNTERBALANCE
349-9520 349-9520
BR1 AL1
(20) SWITCH AS
E PRESSURE E
(22) SWIVEL GP (IMPLEMENT)
162-4696 349-5406

(21) SWITCH AS
PRESSURE
(TRAVEL)
349-5406

bR2 BL1 bL2

AL1 AL2 BL2

BR3 AR3 bR3 BR2 AR2 BR1 AR1 bR1 bL1 bL4 BL4 AL4
(24) VALVE GP
PA1 bR5 bR4 PSW PTA bL5 CP2 bL3 BL3 AL3 bL6 dB MAIN CONTROL
(OUT) (R) (FWD) (FWD) (UP) (UP) (OUT) (CLOSE)
335-0550

BOOM(1)
aL5
A

STICK(1)

BUCKET
(BOOM REGEN)

ATCH
D P (19) SENSOR GP D
PRESSURE
AA T (NEGATIVE F CONT, DRIVEN PUMP)

TRAVEL(L)
338-6970

TRAVEL(R)
dB1

SWING
(28) VALVE GP
SOLENOID AND PRESSURE REDUCING
(BOOM LOWERING CONTROL)
(18) SENSOR GP
323-7894 R2
PRESSURE
(NEGATIVE F CONT, DRIVE PUMP)
338-6970
HL

STICK(R)
HR

(27) VALVE GP
SHUTTLE

BOOM(2)
123-2430

STICK(2)
R1
(FWD) (FWD)
(IN) (L) (BACK) (DOWN) (IN) (OPEN)
C bR1
T2 T4
bL1 (BACK)
pB1
T
A
C
CP1 aR5 dA PRg dST1 PLg (DOWN) aL3 aL6 E
PP aL5 aL4 F
dA1 aR3 aR2 aR1 PR aL1 PL D
aL2 dB1
C B
T1 T3
aR1 aL1 (23) VALVE GP
(BACK) (17) SENSOR GP
(BACK) COOLER BYPASS
PRESSURE
259-7873
DRIVEN PUMP
TRAVEL(L) TRAVEL(R) DB5 DB6 DB3 DB2
338-6971
TT DB4 DB1
(25) VALVE GP
PILOT (TRAVEL) TP (16) SENSOR GP B A
PB4 PB1
170-9497 PRESSURE
PB5 PB6 PB3 PB2 DRIVE PUMP B1 B7 (26) VALVE GP
338-6971 B6 PRESSURE REDUCING
dA1 (BOOM PRIORITY)
B3
T
352-7065
B5 P
B2 B4

B B
PSA2 DR1 PSA1 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT COLOR DESCRIPTIONS
P2 Pi1 P-IN
(7) FILTER GP (14) PUMP GP PILOT PUMP OUTPUT

T-OUT2 DR2 PILOT HYDRAULIC CC MAIN HYD DRIVEN PUMP OUTPUT

STEERING CIRCUIT
158-8987 352-9451
(TRAVEL)

M2 Pi SUPPLY LINE
(SWING)

STICK CYLINDER CONTROL CIRCUIT

NO.1

NO.2

LEFT TRAVEL MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

(LOCK)

(15) SENSOR GP SWING MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

OUT IN
NO.3

PRESSURE ATTACHMENT / AUXILIARY CONTROL CIRCUIT

(2) CONTROL GP (BOOM DOWN) aL2 DRAIN / RETURN LINE
A2 Pn2 SWING BRAKE CONTROL CIRCUIT
LH JOYSTICK bR3 338-6970 (3) CONTROL GP T
DRIVE PUMP OUTPUT
323-7948 RH JOYSTICK PR TRAVEL SPEED CONTROL
JRP
JL1 JR1 323-7947 P1 PG PC BUCKET CYLINDER CONTROL CIRCUIT
(OUT) JLT S3 RIGHT TRAVEL MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT
(DOWN)
BOOM CYLINDER CONTROL CIRCUIT
STICK
SWING bR2
BOOM
BUCKET
PAC BB SOS
DR3 DR4 Pi2 DR6 S1
JL4 DR5 T-OUT1
(L)
JR4
(CLOSE)
aL4
DrM EE
LINE PATTERNS
JL2
(R) JR2 (1) ACCUMULATOR GP A3
SWING Pressure Line
BUCKET (OPEN) 164-6981 Dr
STICK bL4 (10) MANIFOLD GP
BOOM Pilot / Load Sensing Pressure
aR2 JL3
JRT JR3
CONTROL FF Drain / Return Lines
(IN) 215-5037 (9) FILTER GP PsM
JLP (UP) A1
OIL - HYDRAULIC Component Group
PL
A aR3 bL2 CASE DRAIN Pn1 A
289-8194 CALLOUTS

OUT IN YY Taps (Pressure, Sampling, Sensor - by letter)

M1 Pm
DD
Callout Number Component
(Machine Location from (52) VALVE GP - CONTROL Name
Component Locations Table)
138-1234 Part Number

THIS SCHEMATIC IS FOR THE 312E EXCAVATOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

(8) FILTER GP MEDIA NUMBER: KENR9656-01
RETURN OIL
259-0869 SCHEMATIC PART NUMBER: 349-1894, CHANGE: 04, VERSION: HE
Components are shown installed on a fully operable machine with the key and engine off, transmission shifter
in neutral and with parking brake set.
Refer to the appropriate Service Manual for Troubleshooting, Specifications and Systems Operations.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
MACHINE VIEW
VIEW ALL CALLOUTS

4 6

12
29
13 30
OPERATOR VIEW

24 VIEW ALL CALLOUTS

11

22

25
HYDRAULIC PUMP VIEW
VIEW ALL CALLOUTS

18 DD EE CC SOS BB

10 14 FF 19 7 9 8
CONTROL VALVE VIEW
VIEW ALL CALLOUTS

15 20

27 28

AA

FRONT VIEW

16
21
23

26 17

REAR VIEW