Table of Contents

(Aqaaid)
Lesson 1‐‐Revision of Kalima with translation
Lesson 2‐‐ Usool‐e‐Deen (Basic beliefs)
Lesson 3‐‐Tawheed (Oneness of Allah)
Lesson 4‐‐ Adaalat (Justice of Allah)
Lesson 5‐‐Nabuwwat (Prophethood)
Lesson 6‐‐Imammat ( Successors of the Prophet)
Lesson 7‐‐Qiyamat (Day of Judgement)
(Fiqh)
Lesson 8‐‐ Useful Explanation(Ahkam-e-shariat)
• Wajib
• Mustahab
• Haraam
• Makruh
• Mubah
Lesson 9-- Furoo‐e‐Deen
Lesson 10-- Important terminologies
• Muslim
• Mu’min
• Kaafir
• Faasiq
• Zahid
• Muttaqi
• Mushrik
• Munaafiq
Lesson 11-- Taqleed
Lesson 12-- Najaasat
Lesson 13—Toilet Etiquette
Lesson 14-- Mutahhiraat part 1
Lesson 15—Mutahhiraat part 2
AQAID
SECTION
LESSON 1: REVISION OF KALIMA WITH TRANSLATION

You learnt your Kalima in Class 1 and now here is your chance to confirm
that you still remember it.

åÉé}¼»A úÜêA äÉ}»êA òÜ

There is no God but Allah

êÉé}¼»A ó¾æÌåmìi èfìÀäZå¿

Prophet Muhammad (S) is the messenger of Allah

êÉé}¼»A íÏê»ìË ïÏê¼ä§

Imam Ali (A) is the beloved of Allah.

êÉé}¼»A ø¾æÌåmäi íÏêuäË

And Imam Ali (A) is the successor of the Prophet (S)

ø½ævò¯ òÝøI åÉåNä°æÎê¼äa äË

And Imam Ali (A) is the 1st Khalifah

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LESSON 2: USOOL-E-DEEN

Usool-e-deen are th e roots of our religion. They ar e also called Aqaaid, which
means our beliefs. They are five in number.

TAWHEED
QIYAAMAT
ADAALAT NABUWWAT IMAAMAT

Oneness of
Day of
God
Judgement

Justice of Successors of
God the Prophet

Prophethood

USOOL E DEEN ARE ROOTS OF RELIGION. THERE ARE 5.

THESE ARE TAWHEED, ADAALAT, NUBUWWAT, IMAAMAT &

QIYAAMAT

Fiqh Girls Page 5A.23 www.madressa.net

EXERCISE – USOOL-E-DEEN

Just like a strong tree needs strong r oots, good Muslim needs to understand and
believe strongly in the roots of religion.

In the picture below, fill in the meanings of the Arabic words for the Usool-e-Deen.

This information is available in Lesson 5, - but se e if y ou can remember the

meanings without looking.

I
S
L
A
M

TAWHEED ADAALAT NABUWWAT IMAAMAT QIYAAMAT

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 USUL‐E‐DEEN  

NABUWWAT 

TAWHEED

ADAALAT 

IMAMAT

QIYAMAT 
 Lesson 3 Tawheed
Tawheed = there is only One God.
Allah explains Tawheed in the Holy Qur'an in Suratul Ikhlas:

When you believe in Tawheed it means that you believe:

1. There is only One God whom you Worship

2. That He is the only One on Whom you rely for everything AND
3. He is the one that you do everything for.
A STORY ABOUT THE PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF ALLAH:
One day man went to a barber shop to have his hair and his beard cut as always. He began to have a
good conversation with the barber who attended him. They talked about so many
things and various subjects.

Suddenly, they touched on the subject of God.

The barber said: "Look man, I don't believe that God exists."
"Why do you say that?" asked the customer.

Well, it's so easy, you just have to go out in the street to realize that God does not
exist. Oh, tell me, if God exists, would there be so many sick people? Would there be
abandoned children? If God exists, there would be no suffering or pain. I can't think of
loving a God who permits all of these things."

The customer thought for a moment, but he didn't respond because he did not want to start an
argument.

The barber finished his job and the customer left the shop.

Just after he left the barber shop, he saw a man in the street with long hair and a beard. It was very long,
and a long time since he had his hair cut. He looked dirty and unkempt.

The customer entered the barber shop again and he said to the barber: "You know what? Barbers do not
exist."

"How can you say they don't exist?" asked the surprised barber. “I am here and I am
a barber. Why I just worked on you!"

"No!" the customer exclaimed. "Barbers don't exist, because if they did there would
be no people with long hair and beard like that man who is outside."

"Ah, barbers do exist, what happens is that people do not come to me."

"Exactly!"- affirmed the customer. "That's the point!

God does exist. What happens is people don't go to Him and do not look for Him. That's why there's
so much pain and suffering in the world."
TAWHEED:

There is a short Surah of the Holy Qur'an called at-Tawheed (Sura No.112). Read the translation and
then answer the questions. Remember to perform Wudhu before touching the writings of Qur’an.

1. What does the first verse say about Allah?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. What does the second verse say about His needs?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. What does the third verse say about His children and parents?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

4. What does the last verse say about Allah?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
 Lesson 4 ADAALAT (JUSTICE OF GOD)
Adaalat means that Allah is Just. He is not a tyrant. He will reward everybody according to his or her
deeds. Those who obey His commands will be awarded a place in Paradise and those who disobey Him
will be sent to Hell.

Sometimes we think that Justice means fairness and injustice means unfairness. This is not completely
correct.

In a town lived a doctor, a jeweler and a thief.

In the morning, they all prayed to Allah to increase His blessings to them. That day, the thief wanted to
go and rob the jeweler. Instead he fell ill and had to go to the doctor.

The jeweler did not make much money at all that day, because it rained and all his customers stayed at
home.

Now let us study this story.

The thief fell ill - so it seems that he was treated unfairly by Allah.

The doctor got an extra patient (the thief!) so it seems he was treated fairly by Allah.

The jeweler lost business because it rained, so it seems Allah treated him unfairly.

So was Allah Just to all of them? We see that fairness and unfairness does not describe Adaalat fully. To
understand it we must realize that Allah keeps a balance between the needs of all His creatures.

Now let is study the story again.

The doctor did get blessings from Allah because he got an extra patient.

The thief did get blessings from Allah because his illness saved him from the sin of stealing.

The jeweler did get blessings from Allah because even though he did not do much business, he was not
robbed.

So we see that Adaalat means that Allah is Just because He keeps a balance between the needs of all His
creatures.
ADAALAT:

1. How was Allah fair to the jeweler?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________.

2. When we say that Allah is Just do we mean that he will put everybody in heaven?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________.

3. How was Allah fair to the thief?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
 Lesson 5 NABUWWAT (PROPHETHOOD)
Nabuwwat means Prophethood. It calls for the belief in the Prophets sent by Allah from time to time to
guide the people.

Allah sent 124,000 in all. Prophet Adam (A) was the first prophet and Prophet Muhammad (S) was the
last prophet sent by Allah.

When Allah created us, it was so that we should worship Him. If he had not sent down Prophets (A) to
guide us, how would we have known what to do to please Him? It was because He wanted us to find
Him that He sent so many Prophets (A) to teach and guide us.

Why we need Nabi (Prophet)?

Two men were traveling together and became friends. When they reached their town one of them
invited the other to his house for dinner the next day. However the invitee forgot to give his friend his
full name, address, or phone number. Now how would the friend know how to get there even if he
wanted to go to the dinner?

When Allah created us it was so that we could worship Him. If he had not sent down Prophets to guide
us we would not have known what to do to please Him. He sent us the Prophets to teach us and guide
us so we could find Him

Who is a Nabi (Prophet)?

A nabi is a bearer of news. According to Islamic terminology, a Nabi is one who is sent by Allah to guide
mankind to the right path. The word nabi is derived from the word nabuwwah which means high. A nabi
is therefore one who is high in the presence of Allah.

Qualities of Nabi (Prophet)

1. He must be sent by Allah. There cannot be a self-made Nabi.

2. Isma – He must be sinless. This means protection against committing sins. This protection is
safeguarded by exercising taqwa and knowledge.

3. Mu’jiza – Every Prophet is granted the power of performing mu’jiza (miracles) in order to prove that
his message is from Allah.

A mu’jiza is an act that cannot be performed by the aid of learning and practice. It must also relate to
the mentality of the society to which the prophet is sent. E.g. the mu’jiza given to Prophet Musa (a) was
magic because Egypt, at that time, was engrossed and expert in magic. Similarly Prophet Muhammad (s)
was raised among Arabs who were literary experts and they were challenged at their own art.
One difference between the mu’jiza of Prophet Muhammad (s) and the other Prophets’ miracles is that
the Qur’an stands as a challenge for all times and places while other mu’jizas were temporary.
NABUWWAT:
1. How does the story prove why Allah sent prophets to guide us?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. A Nabi is one who is sent by Allah to guide mankind on the right path, he bears the message of Alllah
and is therefore “high” in the presence of Allah.

TRUE FALSE

3. One of the qualities of a nabi is that he should have “Isma”. This means:

a. That the nabi should have a name given to him by Allah

b. He should have self respect

c. He should try not to commit sins

d. He should be free of sin

LESSON 6: IMAAMAT (SUCCESSORS OF THE PROPHET)
Aimmah = Plural of Imam
After the death of Prophet Muhammad (S) the duty of guiding the Muslims was the
responsibility of the Aimmah (A).
Allah chose 12 Aimmah (A).
Imam Ali (A) was the first and Imam Mahdi (A ) is the last Imam. By the will of Allah
he is still alive today. He is the Imam (A) of our time.
One day a man made a very c lever ma chine. Many people found the machine
useful and used it all the time.
Before he died, the man taught his student how to fix the machine if it ever got
spoilt. After his death, whenev er t he people had any ques tions about their
machines, they would go to t he st udent, and he would always ans wer their
questions.
Similarly, although the Prophet (S) had brought all the laws of Islam, after his death
there needed to be s omeone who could an swer the peoples’ questions. T hese
were the Aimmah (A), who were c hosen by Allah to carry on with the Prophet ’s (S)
work.

EXERCISE 12: IMAAMAT:

List the names of all our Aimmah in or der. See how many you can remember
by yourself before asking for help.
1st Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
2nd Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
3rd Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
4th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
5th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
6th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
7th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
8th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
9th Imam is Imam _______________________________________________
10th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
11th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
12th Imam is Imam ______________________________________________
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LESSON 7: QIYAAMAT (DAY OF JUDGEMENT)

Qiyaamat means the Da y of Judgement or

Resurrection.

The day when everyone will be brought back to life

to account for their deeds. Qiyaamat

Then, according to their deeds, they will either be

rewarded by being sent to Heaven or punished by
being sent to Hell.

There was a Muslim boy who us ed to steal sweets from the Corner Shop. He used
to do it sec retly and hide ev erything in his r oom. One day his friend came visiting
and saw all the sweets in his room. Now th e boy was terrified. Would the boy tell
someone what he had seen? Ho w would the boy face his family and friends in the
mosque? He could not sleep at nights as he worried about ev erybody finding o ut
about his stealing.

What a strange boy! He was more scared of his friend than of Allah. Allah s ees all
we do an d there will b e a day wh en we will have to ac count for all we hav e done.
That will be the Day of Judgement.

EXERCISE 12 - DISCUSSION ON USOOL-E-DEEN

Can you remember the answers to the following questions without looking at
the notes in your manual? Try and see…

1. Why did Allah send Prophets (A)?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Why do we need the Aimmah (A)?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. Why did Allah keep a Day of Judgement?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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&/Y,
SECTION
LESSON 8: USEFUL EXPLANATIONS 1 & 2
Wajib
Wajib means compulsory, we must do it. All ah has given us so many blessings. In
return, when He tells us to do something, we must obey Him.

IF YOU DO A IF YOU DO NOT

WAJIB ACT DO A WAJIB
ACT

YOU GET YOU GET

THAWAAB GUNNAH
(REWARD) (PUNISHMENT)

Examples of Wajib acts:

IFTAR..
YUM..YUM

Mustahab
A Mustahab act is one that is good to do because it makes Allah happy. However,
it is not Wajib. Every time we find out that the Prophet Muhammad (S) used to do a
certain act, then we should also do it because it is Mustahab.

IF YOU DO A IF YOU DO
MUSTAHAB NOT DO A
ACT MUSTAHAB

YOU DON’T GET

YOU GET
THAWAAB GUNNAH
(REWARD) (PUNISHMENT)

Examples of Mustahab acts

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Haraam

Haraam means forbidden, we must never do it. This is because it makes Allah
angry.

IF YOU DO A IF YOU DO
HARAAM ACT NOT DO A
HARAAM ACT

YOU GET YOU GET

GUNNAH THAWAAB
(PUNISHMENT) (REWARD)

Examples of Haraam acts

But I have No you haven’t!!
done my Look, you’ve not
homework!! filled in all the
answers!!

Makruh

A Makruh act is one that we should try not to do because it is not liked by Alla h.
However, it is not Haraam.

IF YOU DO A IF YOU DO
MAKRUH ACT NOT DO A
MAKRUH ACT

YOU DON’T YOU GET

GET GUNNAH THAWAAB
(PUNISHMENT) (REWARD)

Examples of Makruh acts

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Mubah

Mubah acts are those that we ar e allowed to do. Anot her word for Mubah is Jaiz,
which means allowed. We can get Thawaa b for Mubah acts if we do them in the
way Allah likes.

IF YOU DO A IF YOU DO
MUBAH ACT NOT DO A
MUBAH ACT

YOU DON’T YOU DON’T

GET GET GUNNAH
THAWAAB (PUNISHMENT)
(REWARD)

Examples of Mubah acts

WAJIB – WE MUST DO THEM

MUSTAHAB – ARE GOOD TO DO THEM AS IT MAKES ALLAH HAPPY
HARAAM – WE MUST NEVER DO THEM
MAKRUH – WE SHOULD TRY NOT TO DO THEM
MUBAH – WE ARE ALLOWED TO DO THEM & WE GET THAWAAB
IF WE DO THEM IN THE WAY ALLAH LIKES

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LESSON 9: FUROO-E-DEEN (1)

Furoo-e-deen are the branches of religion. They are the acts of worship that we
do when we have understood the Usool-e-deen. Ther e are 10 Furoo-e-deen
altogether.

1. Salaat (Daily Prayers)

We offer Wajib Salaat 5 times a day daily.
There are 17 Raka’ats in the Daily Prayers:
Fajr has 2;
Dhohr has 4;
‘Asr has 4;
Maghrib has 3 &
Eisha has 4.

Question:
There are other Wajib Salaat and some Mustahab Salaat t oo. Can y ou w rite
down one of each b y yourself? If not th en ask yo ur parents for help and if
they cannot remember any then you all can look in the Islamic Laws Book.
Wajib Salaat = _________________________________________________
Mustahab Salaat = ______________________________________________

2. Sawm (Fasting in the Month of Ramadhan)

IFTAR
Fasting is Wajib for every Muslim who
is Baligh, for the whole lunar month of
Ramadhan every year.

It starts at Subhe Sadiq and ends at the time

of Maghrib. During this time we cannot eat
or drink anything.

Question:
There are other Wajib fasts and some Mustahab, Makruh and Haraam fast s
too. Can yo u w rite dow n one of each by yourself? If not , then ask your
parents for help and if they cannot re member then y ou all can look in the
Islamic Laws Book.
Wajib fast = ____________________________________________________
Mustahab fast = ________________________________________________
Makruh fast = __________________________________________________
Haraam fast = __________________________________________________

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3. Haj (Pilgrimage to Makka)

Every Muslim has to go to Makka once in their life-time for

Pilgrimage when they can afford to go. Millions of Muslims
from all over the world go every year to perform the Haj.
Question:
Do you think a person w ho is phy sically disabled can
go for Haj? Ask your family, relatives and friends w ho
have been for Haj if they have seen an y people there
who are on w heel chairs per forming Ha j and how they performed all the
Wajib Acts and write it down below.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4. Zakaat (Charity)
Zakaat is a charity that is paid on certain items and is given to needy
Shia Muslims.

Question:
After the month of Ramadhan is over, on Eid day our parents give a Zakaat.
Ask them the name of the Zakaat they give and write it down below.
Zakaat-e- ________________________________

5. Khums (Islamic Tax)

Everyone has to pay 1/5 th of their year's savings. The money is divided
between Saadaat (descendants of the Prophet (S) and our 12 th Imam
(A); during his Ghaibat it is given to the Mujtahid.

Question:
Do you know w ho introduced Khums? Ask someone at home abou t it and
write down the answer below:
Khums was introduced by _____________________________________

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FUROO-E-DEEN (2)

6. Jihaad (To Fight for Allah)

Jihad means to strive to fo llow Islam to the best of
our ability and in the best way we can. It al so means
striving in the path of Alla h in response to the call
from the Prophet (S) or the Imam (A) of the time.

7. Amr bil Ma'roof (Guide others to the Good)

If we see someone who is not doing a good action, we should encourage him to do
it. This is called Amr bil Ma’roof.

8. Nahy ‘anil Munkar (Stop others from doing evil)

If we see someone doing a bad action, we should try to stop him from doing it.
This is called Nahy ‘anil Munkar.

9. Tawalla (To be the friends of the friends of Ma’sumeen (A))

The Prophet (S) has said: “Whoever pleases m y famil y, has
pleased me, and whoever annoys them, has annoyed me.”
Tawalla means to love and follow the teachings of the 14
Ma’sumeen (A) and to keep friends with their followers.

10. Tabarra (To be the enemies of the enemies of Ma’sumeen (A))

Tabarra means to keep away from t he people who do not love or
follow the teachings of the 14 Ma’sumeen (A).

FUROO E DEEN ARE BRANCHES OF RELIGION. THERE ARE 10.

THESE ARE SALAAT, SAWM, HAJ, ZAKAAT, KHUMS, JIHAD, AMR

BIL MA’ROOF, NAHY ‘ANIL MUNKAR, TAWALLA & TABARRA

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EXERCISE FUROO-E-DEEN (1 & 2)

Match the meanings with the appropriate Furoo-e-Deen. Try and do it without
looking at the notes in your manual.

FUROO-E-DEE N MEANING
1. Salaat A) Stop others from doing evil
2. Sawm B) To be enemies of the enemies of Ma’sumeen (A)
3. Haj C) Guide others to the Good
4. Zakaat D) Daily Prayers
5. Khums E) To be friends of the friends of Ma’sumeen (A)
6. Jihad F) Fasting
7. Amr bil Ma'roof G) Islamic Tax
8. Nahy anil Munkar H) Charity
9. Tawalla I) Pilgrimage
10. Tabarra J) To Strive in the path of Allah

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Lesson 10 Important Terminology

 
   
 
   
   
Lesson 11 TAQLEED 
Taqleed It means to follow a Mujtahid and do things according to his 
Fatwas. One is also required to follow Mujtahid Aalam (the 
most Qualified Mujtahid among all mujtahids). Taqleed is Wajib 
(required) in  Furo‐e‐ deen 

Mujtahid   An expert who knows how to figure out Islamic rules from 
Quran , Hadith  and other related sources. 

Fatwa  A Mujtahid’s ruling, which is based upon Quran, Hadith and 
related sources, is called his Fatwa. 

Mujtahid Aalam  A Mujtahid who is the most Qualified among all current 
Mujtahid. 

Muqallid  A muslim who follows and acts according to the Fatwas of his 
Mujtahid. 

Jaam‐e‐ ush  For one to follow a Mujtahid these seven conditions must be 
Sharait   met : Male, Shia Ithna Ashari, Adult, Sane, of Legitimate birth 
(his parents must be married according to Islamic laws), Living 
 
and  Adil (Just). 

Adil (just)  A person who performs all Wajib acts and stays away from all 
Haraam acts. A sign of an Adil person is that he has good 
character and people around him will also say that he has good 
character. 

 
  
 

 
EXERCISE – BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO TAQLID

Try and answer the following questions without looking at your notes:

1. Who is a Mujtahid?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What does Taqlid mean and when does it become Wajib?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. What does Muqallid mean?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Who do you do Taqlid of? Look for a phot o of him and stick it in the spac e
provided.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 Chapter : Najaasat

NAJIS does not necessarily mean dirty. There are 10 main things that are NAJIS.

We can divide them into four main groups.

Some of them are:

Common between Human Beings and Animals

Urine
Stool
Blood
Dead Body

In Human Beings Only

Kaafir (unbeliever)

In Animals Only
Dog
Pig

In Drinks
Alcoholic drinks

All of the above are called Ayn Najis things. This means that they are originally
NAJIS. For example, sugar is originally sweet. Tea can only be called sweet if
sugar is added to it. The tea is therefore not originally sweet but has become
sweet by adding sugar.

In the same way, blood is originally NAJIS (Ayn Najis). Milk is originally TAHIR,
which means pure. If a drop of blood falls into a glass of milk, the milk will
become NAJIS because of the blood which is Ayn Najis.

30 Grade 4 Fiqh
 Some Details On Najaasat

1. Urine & Stool

2. Blood

This is NAJIS of all living things whose blood comes out with a gush, regardless
of whether their meat is Halaal or Haraam.

However, the remaining blood of animals whose meat is HALAAL is tahir, if they
have been slaughtered according to the Islamic Shariah.

3. Dead Bodies

All living things whose blood gushes out are NAJIS when they die.

The dead body of a Muslim becomes tahir after being given Ghusl according to
the Islamic Shariah.

4. Dogs and Pigs

Grade 4 Fiqh 31
All dogs and pigs living on land are NAJIS, to the extent that their hair, nails,
teeth, bones and sweat are also NAJIS.

5. Kafirs

A Kafir is a person who does not believe in God or the Day of Judgement – they
are NAJIS to the extent that their hair, nails, teeth, bones and sweat are also
NAJIS.

6. Alcoholic Drinks

All kinds of alcoholic drinks are NAJIS, whether it a liquid intoxicant or a mild
beer.

32 Grade 4 Fiqh
 Worksheet: Najaasat

Circle the Najis Items

cats blood
urine coffee
lice dead body
mice pig
cockroach rotten egg
stool sand
poison dust
toothpaste kafir
drugs beer
cigarettes

Grade 4 Fiqh 33
 1. Who is a Kafir? To what extent is a Kafir najis?

2. Zahra loves to play with animals especially dogs. Her neighbors have a
gorgeous Poodle called “Tin Cup” that she plays with all the time. She
usually plays with the dog in the afternoons when she comes back from
school. Zahra sometimes brings Tin Cup home to her room. Zahra also
prays salah regularly and likes praying in her room. Is her salah valid? If
you do not think so, explain why below

3. Jahara and Fatima are good friends. Jahara’s sister, Zeinab passes away.
Fatima goes to Jahara’s house to be with her during her time of grief and
stays at her house for the funeral as well. She is there to console her
friend and support her and comfort her like a good Muslim girl should.
Fatima was also close to Zeinab. Fatima touches the dead body after the
kafan is placed on the deceased’s body. She remembers that she needs
to pray her salah in the meantime. She lets Jahara know that she is going
to pray her salah upstairs. Fatima does her wudhu and prays her salah. Is
Fatima’s Salah valid or Batil? Explain why below.

34 Grade 4 Fiqh
 4. What does Ayn Najis mean?

5. Mention 2 things that are Najis in their original form?

6. Mushel is doing her homework. She gets a paper cut on her finger. A drop
of blood falls on her shirt. She gets up to get a band aid for her finger. She
then proceeds to do wudhu and pray as it is time for Magrib prayers. Is
Mushel’s prayer valid or bail? Explain below

Grade 4 Fiqh 35
 Lesson 13

Toilet Etiquette:

Mustahab: It is Mustahab to enter the toilet wit h the left foot and leave with the
right foot.
 

Enter with
the left foot
Leave with
the right
foot
 

Haraam:

- It is Haraam to face the Qibla, or to have your back to Qibla,

when sitting on the toilet. (If your toilet faces Qibla,
then sit slightly sideways on it).

After urinating, wash off the Najasaat first, then:

a. if using a bottle wash twice (better thrice) and
b. if washing with running water through a hos e
pipe then washing once is enough.

Makruh:
- It is Makruh to urinate whilst standing
- It is Makruh to suppress or constrain your urge for urine or excretion,
and if it is injurious to your health, it becomes Haraam.

Wajib:

- After relieving the bowels, the part of the body concerned may be cleaned
with water or with a cloth or even with paper, as long as the cloth or paper
used itself is Pak and dry.
- It is Wajib to use 3 separate pieces, even if the body becomes clean before
that. If, however, after using 3 pieces, the body is still not clean extra pieces
should be used until it becomes clean.

Fiqh Girls Page 5A.37 www.madressa.net

EXERCISE : INTRODUCTION TO NAJASAAT

Try and answer without looking at the notes. Ask for help from y our teacher
and parents wherever you need it. Use the Risala (Islamic Laws) too.

1. If you pat a dog on a hot sunny day at the Park will your hand be Najis? Why?
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2. When you moved to a new hous e the toilet was facing Qiblah. What will yo u do
when you need to go to the toilet? Why?
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3. Sabira had to use the toilet in the hot el where they had gon e for dinner. T here
was no water but she was able to find a roll of tissue. How will she c lean
herself?
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Fiqh Girls Page 5A.38 www.madressa.net

 /HVVRQMutahhiraat (part 1)
Things which are able to make a NAJIS thing TAHIR (not just clean, but pure) are
known as Mutahhiraat. There are 12 Mutahhiraat:
1. Water 7. Istahalah (Chemical Change)
2. Earth 8. Inqilab (Change in Properties)
3. Sun 9. Intiqal (Transfer)
4. Islam
10. Zawaalul ‘Ayn (Removal of
5. Tabbayyah (To Follow)
Najasat)
6. Ghaibatul Muslim
11. Istibra (Quarantine)
(Disappearance of Muslim)
12. Remaining blood after slaughter

Let us learn about each of the Mutahhiraat!

MUTLAQ = Pure Water
1. WATER = 2 KINDS
MUDHAF = Mixed Water
Mutlaq Water~

 Water that has NOT changed in color, taste, or smell

 CAN make a najis thing tahir
 EXAMPLES: tap, well, or rain water

Mudhaf Water~

 Water that has CHANGED in color, taste, or smell

 CANNOT make a najis thing tahir
 Becomes NAJIS when it comes in contact with najaasat
 EXAMPLES: cloudy water, or even tea or lemonade
Water makes a Najis thing Pak if…

 It is PURE and not mixed (MUTLAQ)

 It is PAK itself
 It does not become Mudhaf when a Najis thing is being washed (that is, it does
not change color, taste, or smell, as it washes the Najis thing)
 No small particles remain after washing the Najis thing

ABE KATHIR = abundant water

~It does NOT become najis when it touches a najasat EXCEPT when the najasat is SO
strong that the taste, color, or smell of the water changes
ABE QALIL = little water
~It becomes najis AS SOON AS it comes in contact with a najasat. When making
something pak by using Abe Qalil, you have to wash the najis thing two (better, three)
times.

***IMPORTANT FACT***
Still water that has NOT changed in color, taste or smell, is considered PURE (or
mutlaq). However, it CAN still become najis if it is less than a Kurr (Abe Qalil) if it
comes into contact with a najaasat.
What is a Kurr?
A Kurr is 384 liters of water or 36 cubic span of water.

Examples of Kurr water include

lakes, rivers, etc.

(1 span is about 22 centimeters)

2. Earth
While you are walking, if the sole of your shoe or foot becomes najis by coming into
contact with a najaasat, then it can be made tahir by walking on some dry and tahir
earth until the najaasat comes off.

3. Sun
The sun can ONLY make those things tahir that CANNOT MOVE- for example, a wall,
tree, earth, door, window, etc.
When the najaasat on such things is removed and the spot where the najaasat was is
WET, then it gets tahir by the direct rays of the sun.

4. Islam
When a non-Muslim (Kafir) becomes a Muslim (believes in the oneness of Allah, the
Prophethood of Muhammad (SAW), and the Day of Judgement), then s/he becomes
tahir.
5. Tabbayyah (to follow)
This is when a Najis thing becomes tahir as a result of another thing becoming tahir.
Examples:
Also, when we wash something najis, our hands become najis because we are touching
the wet najis thing. HOWEVER, when the najis thing becomes tahir, our hands also
automatically become tahir.
When a Kaafir becomes a Muslim, he becomes tahir, AND his na-baaligh children
ALSO become tahir.

6. Ghaibatul Muslim (disappearance of a Muslim)

When a Muslim who is a strict follower of shariah gets his clothes najis, and he goes out
of your sight long enough for him to be able to have cleansed himself, and he comes
back with the same clothes again, you must believe s/he has cleaned those clothes.
 /HVVRQMutahhiraat (part 2)
We have learned and understood 6 of the 12 Mutahhiraat. Let’s look at the rest of them
now. Don’t worry, even though the rest of these sound a bit complicated, they aren’t
hard to understand.

7. Istahala (chemical change)

This is when something becomes something else and cannot be turned back into what it
was before. The original form of it is changed.

EXAMPLES—

 When you burn a piece of wood or paper, it turns into ashes. Once it has become
ashes, it cannot be turned back into wood or paper. So, even if the wood or
paper was najis, the ashes are tahir.

 When an animal dies, it decomposes and turns into earth. It completely changes
form. So, if a dog dies, even though a dog is najis, once the body of the dog
changes into earth, it will no longer be najis.

8. Inquilab (change in properties)

Any wine that turns into vinegar by itself (evaporation) or by mixing with vinegar or salt
becomes tahir.
9. Intiqal (Transfer)

Intiqal is when a Najis thing becomes tahir by being transferred.

EXAMPLE-

 When an organ (heart, kidney, etc.) from a Kafir is transplanted into a

Muslim, the organ becomes tahir inside the Muslim even though it had
been najis when it was inside the Kafir.
 A human’s blood is najis. However, when a
mosquito sucks the blood of a human being, and after a
gap of time, when the blood that was sucked out of the
human becomes the mosquito’s blood, that blood is no
longer considered najis.

10. Zawaalul ‘Ayn (Removal of a Najaasat)

If there is a najaasat on the body of an animal, the body of the animal will be considered
tahir when the najasat disappears.

Also, if there is a najasat on the inner parts of the human body, such as inside the
mouth or nose or ears, the mouth, nose, or ears become tahir when the najasat
disappears. Blood inside the mouth does not make the inside of the mouth najis~ when
the blood disappears, the whole inside of the mouth is pak.
11. Istibra (Quarantine)

When an animal eats the urine and stool of humans, the urine and stool of that animal
also becomes najis. In order to make the urine and stool of these animals tahir, you
have to keep them away from the najis that they have been eating and instead feed
them tahir food for a set number of days.

12. Remaining blood after slaughter

When an animal is slaughtered according to the rules of Islam, and when the blood
flows out in a normal amount, the blood that is left in the body is tahir.