Unit: K/601/1314

Applied Mathematics for Complex

Engineering Problems
Assignment 1
Assignment Brief and Feedback Form

Learner name E.M Dilan Manaranjana

Student no CSCT20171037

Course title BTEC HND in Construction and Built Environment (Building

Services Engineering)
Assessor name Mr. Niresh Geegana

Internal Verifier name Mrs. Darshani Amarabandhu

Unit number and title K/601/1314-Applied mathematics for Complex Engineering

Problems

Assignment title Application of calculus, differential equations and statistical

techniques to engineering problems.

Outcome number(s) LO3, LO4 & LO5

And statement(s)
Hand Out Date 03/02/2018

Submission Date 02/03/2018

Learner declaration

I confirm that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.
Learner Signature Date Submitted 08.03.2018

CSCT stamp for Date Receipt of the Assignment

Topic:

Application of calculus, differential equations and statistical techniques to engineering

problems.

Task 1 (LO3)

1. The cross section of an open channel is a trapezium with base 6cm and sloping sides
each 10cm. Calculate the width across the open top, so that the cross sectional area of
the channel shall be a maximum. (Hint: Use the height of trapezium as “x” and use
iteration method to obtain the value of x)

2. Write the general formula to obtain the volumes of solids of revolution about x – axis.

3. The area bounded by y2x = 4a2(2a-x), the x – axis and the ordinates x = a, x = 2a, is
rotated through a complete revolution about the x – axis. Show that the volume
generated is 4πa3(2ln 2 – 1).

Task 2 (LO4)

1. Solve following differential equations.

i. , given that y = 1 when x = 2

ii.

iii. , given that at t = 0, and

2. A mass suspended from a spring performs vertical oscillations and the displacement
x(cm) of mass at the time t (s) is given by

If x = and When t = 0, determine the period and amplitude of the oscillation.

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 3. A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature of 300K.
Assuming the heat lost only due to radiation, the differential equation for the
temperature of the ball given by,

Where is in K and t is in seconds. Find the temperature at t = 480 seconds using Euler’s
method. Assume a step size of h = 30 seconds.

Task 3 (LO5)

An experiment was carried out to investigate variation of solubility of chemical X in water. The
quantities in kg that dissolved in 1 liter at various temperatures are show in the table.

Temp. ⁰C (y) 15 20 25 30 35 50 70
Mass of X (x) 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 4.0 5.1 7.0

Draw a scatter diagram to show the data.

Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x.
Draw the line and plot the point ( ̅ ̅) on your diagram.
What quantity might be expected to dissolve at 42⁰C? Find the quantity that your equation
indicates would dissolve at -10⁰C and comment your answer.
Calculate the sum of the squares of the residuals and comment on your result.

Methodology
Students should refer books and find information required for the assignment individually and
submit an individual report containing an introduction, solution and decisions and conclusions.
The report should be word processed and presented in an acceptable manner. Referencing
shall be according to the Harvard referencing system.

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Pass descriptors

LO3-3.1 Determine partial derivatives of functions

LO3-3.2 Classify stationary points of functions with one and two variables

LO3-3.3 Determine integrals

LO3-3.4 Calculate areas and volumes using definite integrals

LO4-4.1 Select appropriate differential equation models

LO4-4.2 Solve problems using initial and boundary value conditions

LO4-4.3 Solve differential equations numerically using mathematical software

LO5-5.1 Determine lines of best fit

LO5-5.2 Analyse probability distributions for discrete and continuous data

LO5-5.3 Solve engineering problems using standard statistical distributions

Grade Descriptors Indicative Characteristics Contextualization

Merit Descriptor
M3 Present and communicate
appropriate findings
Distinction Descriptors
Coherent, logical Effective thinking has been
development of principles/ shown with proper application
concepts for the intended of relative theories.
audience

D2 Take responsibility for Substantial activities, The relative research and

managing and organizing
activities
D3 Demonstrate convergent/
lateral/ creative thinking
projects or investigations
have been planned,
managed and organized
Effective thinking has taken
place in unfamiliar contexts
investigations have been done
and presented in report.
The logical development has
been shown.

Plagiarism, Cheating and Collusion

Plagiarism, cheating or collusion is regarded as a serious breach of the CSCT academic

standards.
Students must carefully read the Academic Rules on Plagiarism, Cheating and collusion.

RULES WILL BE STRICTLY ENFORCED

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 Grading Assessment Criteria/Indicative Contextualized Higher Evidence Achieve
Opportunities Characteristic Grading Opportunities (Y / N)

LO3-3.1 Determine partial derivatives of

functions

LO3-3.2 Classify stationary points of

functions with one and two
variables

LO3-3.3 Determine integrals

LO3-3.4 Calculate areas and volumes

using definite integrals
LO4-4.1 Select appropriate differential
equation models
LO4-4.2 Solve problems using initial and
boundary value conditions
LO4-4.3 Solve differential equations
numerically using mathematical
software
LO5-5.1 Determine lines of best fit
LO5-5.2 Analyse probability
distributions for discrete and
continuous data
LO5-5.3 Solve engineering problems
using standard statistical
distributions
M3 Coherent, logical development of Effective thinking has
principles/ concepts for the been shown with
intended audience proper application of
relative theories.

D2 Substantial activities, projects or The relative research

investigations have been planned, and investigations have
managed and organized been done and
presented in report.
D3 Effective thinking has taken place The logical
in unfamiliar contexts development has been
shown.

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Assessor Comments

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Criteria Awarded D2 M3 M3 Pass(P)

Assessed by (name): Mr. Niresh Geegana

Signature: Date Assessed:

Assessment has been internally verified for use.

Internal Verifier Mrs. Darshani Amarabandhu

Name:
Signature: Date Verified :

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 UNIT : K/601/1314

APPLIED
MATHEMATICS FOR
COMPLEX
ENGINEERING
PROBLEMS
ASSIGNMENT 2

STUDENT NAME :- E. M DILAN MANARANJANA

STUDENT NUMBER :- CSCT20171037
BATCH NO :- BSE 13/PT

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to CSCT for maintaining a BTec HND in
construction and the built environment (Building services engineering) program.

I would like to extend my gratitude to Eng. Gemunu Wijegunawardana service head of

the station which I working from 2012 up to date. Because my focus was on this HND program,
under his direction.

I also wish to extend my greetings to Mr. Niresh Geegana and the staff of the CSCT.

Finally I am grateful to my parents and friends who helped me to complete this

assignment properly.

Thank You!

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description Page

Acknowledgment 07
Table of contents 08
Introduction 09

Task 1 10 - 12

Task 2 13 - 19

Task 3 20 - 25

Conclusion 26

Reference 27

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 INTRODUCTION

Mathematics is an exceptionally useful subject. In our technological society, it has

applications in engineering, business, computing, medicine and many other disciplines too.

In this assignment basically apply the derivative principles. “dy/dx” means the rate of
change of y with respect to rate of change of x. It gives the instantaneous rate of change.
“dy/dx” is positive if y increases with increase of x but negative if y decreases with increase of x.

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Task 1 (LO3)
LO3-3.1 Determine partial derivatives of functions
LO3-3.2 Classify stationary points of functions with one and two variables
LO3-3.3 Determine integrals
LO3-3.4 Calculate areas and volumes using definite integrals

1. The cross section of an open channel is a trapezium with base 6cm and sloping sides
each 10cm. Calculate the width across the open top, so that the cross sectional area of
the channel shall be a maximum. (Hint: Use the height of trapezium as “x” and use
iteration method to obtain the value of x)

10cm 10cm

6cm

Using Pythagoras’ theorem,

( )

) )

√ ) )

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Let’s find the maximum cross sectional area of the channel ,

* )+

Substitute for ,

) √ ) )

√
, For extremes ,

) √ ) )

Consider only the positive valve; therefor the open top width is 17.4568cm.

√ ) )

)
Cross sectional area = cm3
= 192.267 cm3

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 2. Write the general formula to obtain the volumes of solids of revolution about x – axis.

∫ )

3. The area bounded by y2x = 4a2(2a-x), the x – axis and the ordinates x = a, x = 2a, is
rotated through a complete revolution about the x – axis. Show that the volume
generated is 4πa3(2ln 2 – 1).

Assume, r = y
y2x = 4a2(2a-x)
)

)
∫

∫ ∫

[ | | ]

[ ) ) ]

[ ) ) ) ]

[ ]

Page 12 of 27
Task 2 (LO4)
LO4-4.1 Select appropriate differential equation models
LO4-4.2 Solve problems using initial and boundary value conditions
LO4-4.3 Solve differential equations numerically using mathematical software

1. Solve following differential equations.

i. , given that y = 1 when x = 2

) )
)
)

)
)

∫ ∫ )
)

Page 13 of 27
 ii.

) ) )

)
)

∫ ∫( )

| | | |

| | | |

iii. , given that at t = 0, and

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 2. A mass suspended from a spring performs vertical oscillations and the displacement
x(cm) of mass at the time t (s) is given by

If x = and When t = 0, determine the period and amplitude of the oscillation.

NOTE:-
Hooke’s Law, says that if the spring is stretched (or compressed) units from its natural
length, then it exerts a force that is proportional to 𝑥 ,

Restoring force = 𝑘𝑥

Where is a positive constant, (spring constant). If it ignore any external resisting forces
(due to air resistance or friction) then, by Newton’s Second Law (force equals mass times
acceleration),

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥
𝑚 𝑘𝑥 or 𝑚 𝑘𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

This is a second-order linear differential equation. Its auxiliary equation is 𝑚𝑟 𝑘

with roots 𝑟 𝜔𝑖 , where 𝜔 √𝑘/𝑚 . Thus, the general solution is,

𝑥 𝑡) 𝑐 c s 𝜔𝑡 𝑐 sin 𝜔𝑡
Which can written as,
𝑥 𝑡) 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 𝛿)

Where, 𝜔 √𝑘/𝑚 (frequency)

𝐴 √𝑐 𝑐 (Amplitude)

𝑐1 𝑐
c s𝛿 sin 𝛿 𝛿 is the phase angle)
𝐴 𝐴

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 ( )

( ( √ )) ( ( √ ))

3. A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature of 300K.

Assuming the heat lost only due to radiation, the differential equation for the
temperature of the ball given by,

) )

Where is in K and t is in seconds. Find the temperature at t = 480 seconds using Euler’s
method. Assume a step size of h = 30 seconds.

NOTE:-

𝑦𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝑘 𝑘 ℎ

Where,

𝑘 𝑓 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 )

𝑘 𝑓 𝑥𝑖 ℎ 𝑦𝑖 𝑘 ℎ)

)
)

Page 16 of 27
 )

) )

( )ℎ
Step 1,

)
)
)

ℎ ℎ)

[ )]

[ )]

( )ℎ

( ) ))

[ )]
[ )]

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Step 2,

)
)
)

ℎ ℎ)

[ )]

[ ]

( )ℎ

( ) ))

[ )]

Step 3,

)
)
)

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 ℎ ℎ)

[ )]

[ ]

( )ℎ

( ) ))

[ )]

Time (s) Temp.(K)

0 1200
30 1089.5955
60 1010.7975
90 951.8775

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Task 3 (LO5)
LO5-5.1 Determine lines of best fit
LO5-5.2 Analyse probability distributions for discrete and continuous data
LO5-5.3 Solve engineering problems using standard statistical distributions

An experiment was carried out to investigate variation of solubility of chemical X in water. The
quantities in kg that dissolved in 1 liter at various temperatures are show in the table.

Temp. ⁰C (y) 15 20 25 30 35 50 70
Mass of X (x) 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 4.0 5.1 7.0

Draw a scatter diagram to show the data.

Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x.
Draw the line and plot the point ( ̅ ̅) on your diagram.
What quantity might be expected to dissolve at 42⁰C? Find the quantity that your equation
indicates would dissolve at -10⁰C and comment your answer.
Calculate the sum of the squares of the residuals and comment on your result.

Scatter
diagram

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 Item ) ) ) )2 )2
no. )
1 2.1 15 -1.757 -20 35.143 3.088 400 31.5 4.41
2 2.6 20 -1.257 -15 18.857 1.580 225 52 6.76
3 2.9 25 -0.957 -10 9.571 0.916 100 72.5 8.41
4 3.3 30 -0.557 -5 2.786 0.310 25 99 10.89
5 4.0 35 0.143 0 0 0.020 0 140 16
6 5.1 50 1.243 15 18.643 1.545 225 255 26.01
7 7 70 3.143 35 110.000 9.878 1225 490 49
Total 27 245 195 17.337 2200 1140 121.48

The correlation coefficient,

∑ 1 ) )

√∑ 1 ) )

√ ) )

 “r” takes values between -1 and +1,

 “r” value of -1 or +1 indicates perfect correlation
 Value close to -1 indicate high negative correlation
 Value close to +1 indicate high positive correlation

The “r” value close to +1. There for it’s indicated high positive correlation.

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Least squares regression

)
e

∑ [ [ ]] ∑

[ )]

) )

0,

The intercept

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 0,

∑ ) )
The regression coefficient.
∑ )

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
∑ ∑ )

∑ ∑ ∑
∑ ∑ )

Substitute a and b,

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Page 24 of 27
Temperature (0C) 35 40 42 45 50

Mass of X (kg) 4.0 5.1

0.5133

0.5133
+4.0000
4.5133

 4.5133 kg might be expected to dissolve at 420C.

 0.150kg dissolved at -100C.

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 Conclusion

This assignment serves to me knowledge in derivative methods, and their

applications. However, mathematics is in every part of our lives. Each and every part of
engineering activity can be calculated by mathematics.

Page 26 of 27
 Reference

Resources In-text referencing End-text referencing

Advanced level
combined
mathematics
notes
CSCT lecture
notes

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