Building Information Modeling – By Ali Kekhia

THE STORY - EVOLUTION OF CAD

 2D solutions
 Electronic drafting board

 3D solutions
 Modeling for purely visualization purposes

 BIM solutions
 Models with integrated architectural information

 Construction Coordination (5D)

 Timing/scheduling and Cost estimation
WORKING CONCEPT - 2D CAD
 Draft everything in 2D

 No 3D model is created

 Design changes maintained

manually on every drawing

 Typically, each drawing is saved in

its own file
 EVALUATION - 2D CAD
Benefits
 Compared to hand drafting
 Faster modifications
 Accuracy
 Smart drafting tools (fills, dimensions)
 Repetitive elements (blocks, xrefs)

 Compared to other CAD methods

 Easy to understand concept (electronic drafting)
 Relatively small files due to reduced data
 Quick (but less intelligent) solution for all building types

Drawbacks
• Changes on one drawing don’t influence other drawings
• Drawing coordination is essential
• No more content compared with hand drawing
• Collisions and other design problems are difficult to identify
WORKING CONCEPT – 3D CAD
 The application has both 2D and 3D Project File
capabilities
 Buildings can be modeled in 3D if
necessary
 3D and 2D information can be included Drawings
in a single file
 Drawings can be partially derived from
the model
 No automatic documentation Manual or automatic update
 Application mostly works with 2D and 3D
drawing tools instead of real
architectural elements
 Additional content can be created 3D Model
including visualization and basic quantity
take-offs
EVALUATION– 3D CAD
Benefits Project File

 Compared to 2D CAD
 Easier checking of planning errors
 Managing changes is easier
 Visualization and calculation
Drawings
 Compared to BIM
 Users may work purely in 2D if they wish
 Smaller file size
 Easier to model complex geometries Manual or automatic update

Drawbacks (compared to BIM)

• Concept doesn’t follow the architectural design
process 3D Model
• Documentation is not fully automatic
• No architectural content like in BIM applications
 THE BIM CONCEPT
BIM= Building Information Modeling
Also known as „Virtual Building” or
„Building Simulation”
Drawings, building views,
visualizations, calculations
and quantity take-offs are
automatically derived from the
3D model.
EVALUATION– BIM
Benefits
 Compared to 2D and 3D CAD
 Elements have architectural meaning
 Changes on one drawing have influence on all
others
 Rich visualization content (animation, sun
studies, renderings etc.)
 Automatic quantity take-offs, schedules
 Connection to structural, energy calculation,
collision detection etc. software

Drawbacks
• Higher training requirements
• Might be difficult to learn the BIM approach for
people who were previously 2D users
• Might be more difficult to handle complex geometry
(e.g. freeform structures) then in 3D and 2D CAD
 BIM IS A PROCESS!
 Generic term used to describe advanced 3D CAD technology for
modeling and managing buildings and information related to them.

 BIM models are differentiated from traditional CAD systems in that the
software objects in a BIM model are intelligible to computer programs
as representations of real-world building components, unlike the
graphic objects in a two-dimensional CAD file”.

 The American Institute of Architects (AIA) defines BIM as “a model-

based technology linked with a database of project information”.

 BIM covers geometry, spatial relationships, geographic information,

quantities and properties of building components.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_Information_Modeling)
WORKING CONCEPT – BIM
 Single file concept: The complete building
model and all of its representations are included
in the BIM file
 Real architectural elements used for modeling
 Changes of the model affect all related drawings
(and vice versa)
 Automatic generation and updating of
documentation
 Architectural content (libraries)
 Building information data attached to the
elements
 Additional materials (rendering, animation,
quantity take-offs, schedules)
BIM USES

Project Definition, Planning and

 Pre-Design
Architectural Modelling (Design)
Structural Modelling and Analysis
MEP Modelling and Analysis
Construction Models
Facilities Management/As-built Models
ADVANTAGES

 Design visualization  5D Cost Estimating

 Asset/Equipment Inventory
 Reduction of Errors
 Facility Operations
 Collision Detection
 Space assignment

 Quantity Take Off

 Maintenance/Repair

 4D Constructability  Emergency response, etc.

WHAT IS BIM
BIM EXAMPLE
BIM MATURITY STATE
BIM DETAIL LEVELS
BIM DETAIL LEVELS
REAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS -
BIM
 Drawing representation
• Floor plan, section and elevation views
• Adjustable contours, fills, backgrounds
• Scale sensitivity

 Model representation
• 3D shapes connected to drawing elements
• Surface color and texture

 Non-graphical information
• Material descriptions
• Quantities, volumes
• Cost
• Values specific to certain elements (e.g. lux
values of lights, fire resistance of doors)
MODEL BASED DOCUMENTATION -
BIM
 Coherence between model and drawing
 All drawings derived from the model
 Model itself coordinates drawings
 Automatic scale change
 The complete project lifecycle can be controlled
from a single file
 Rich 3D visualization content helps you to win the
job
ESTIMATION-BIM
 Additional information attached to the
model
• Quantity
BIM
• Materials DATA
• Descriptions
Product details
Construction details
Safety details 3D model
• Cost

 Instant Calculation
• Quantity take-offs
• Room Inventories
• Door-Window Schedules

Calculations
EXTERNAL COLLABORATION-BIM
The BIM data can be shared with
the project stakeholders via:

 IFC (Industry Foundation

Classes)
 DXF-DWG (Autocad Drawing)
 PDF (Portable Document Format)
 XML (Extensible Markup
Language)
 Other native CAD file formats
INTERNAL COLLABORATION-BIM
Central File
Advanced BIM applications allow
the seamless sharing of the
virtual building data between the
project team members Workspace 3

Workspace 2
The teamwork approach:
 Central file contains the Workspace 1
complete virtual building
database
 Team members work on local Send & receive changes
copies
 Team members have
dedicated workspaces
 Team members send and
Local Copy 1 Local Copy 2 Local Copy 3
receive changes regularly
ANALYSIS, COORDINATION-BIM
Further processing the BIM data
allows a wide range of
analytical activities:

 Code checking (collision detection)

 Energy efficiency analysis
 Structural analysis
Jetstream from NavisWorks

EnergyPlus
Xsteel from Tekla
TRENDS: CONSTRUCTION
COORDINATION
Construction industry is moving towards automated solutions.
Adding time and cost information to the 3D model results the
virtual construction model.

Time (4D) Cost (5D)

Linked Linked
BIM Model (3D)
Schedules Estimating
Recipes
VIRTUAL CONSTRUCTION WORKFLOW

Constructability Analysis and Coordination

Schedule Procurement

5 D Model Cost Estimate Project Control

Accounting

Fabrication
2 D Drawings
CONCLUSIVE SUMMARY VIDEO
BIM @ DEPA
BIM @ DEPA
THANK YOU