y VW LONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL CO! No. 1660 gEPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND snc PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF 500 MALILAND, 1933 d 1932 see Nos. 1570 and 1613 1931 an (for Reports daly (Price 1s. 34. each)) Crown Copyright Reserved — LONDON ie ED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE “Higlased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses ta] House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh 2 fork Street, Manchester 1; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff #0, Chichester Street, Belfast or through any Bookseller 1934 S166 Price 1s. 3d. Net (Re O1877 \. $5053 oO”. >” 7 appoRTS—ANNUAL—SOMALIEAND, 1933 ” with a similar slope, on which are f limestone and hills of igneous rock, ANNUAL REP ECON ORT NOMIC PROG ON q 0308 $ iT we maritime pm broken. eeadth from a mile or two in the east and The native name for rou: ;. rea é h varies * jes in the middle. au hic nd whi r bout $0 maritime plains is Cuban. ment of limestone about 2,000 feet thick, to a! Curren ero coastal L«@ ical escal un. gioctarny, (A vertical escarPere which, at the bottom of the scarp, H. Govery; cng on igneous TOC > om of MM. Port esting OF iis and ridges up to 3,500 feet in height. The IV. yaetTox ae oer (native name Golis) trends roughly east and west, vo que exerpment need from the eastern boundary to a Little west + Hovsixa |” ante middle line of the Protectorate, Further west, it is VI. Provvenos fly replaced by ridges of igneous rock. {a From the top of the scarp, a Jong, wide, and almost fectrroless plateau (native name Ogo) slopes gently downwards fe oath-east into the Haud, a belt of thorn wilderness and ding into Ethiopian and Italian territory. s has its characteristic vegeta- oa Cosmterce 7 Waces axp Cost oF Ln * Epvcartioy, Wi ies pasturages, exten Each of these four main feature: tion, dependent on climate and rainfall. The maritime plain, with a very hot climate and very small nin‘all, supports in places frankincense and myrrh trees. The ridges and foothills near the base of the escarpment, with a cooler dlimate and larger rainfall, are, especially in the eastern half of the country, partly covered with trees of Acacia Verek. On the ind the escarpment, at altitudes between 4,500 and 6,000 feet, a itis of box (Bucus Hildebrandtii) is very common, especially in Et Etigavo District. Some thirty miles west of Sheikh, this species . es on granitic hills at altitudes down to 3,500 feet. t altitudes above 6,000 feet on top of the escarpment are patches of colar‘ Jueniporus Procora). Ee one locality, north.vet_ of ‘© the scarp reaches a height of 7,500 feet, these er Bayxrxo, Corre: Py Pustic Works SRE Jusmes, Posies, ix Prose” 7 V. Leatstarron r V. Postio Fina "> Tay Finance XVI. Miscettaxzovg en Arrenpix ; a 2° i + Pustications wheeeed I.—G@Eogr, oe ‘APHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY. cole Geography. foe Where ad ama ® small forest, and they have also been found at intervals iP to the south-western boundary. anges from about the east and On the inter; 20 ince Mterior plateau, the average rainfall x B inches in gPewt, it, the west to about 10 inches in of an it the south and south-east. ‘The plateau consists in part Blaing “PEM Savannah of thorny acacias, in part of grass.covered and #224 though, over the greater part of it, the ruinfall is low of the pe#2ing is'on the whole somewhat indifferent, this part ‘otectorate supports the bulk of the stock—camels, sheep, tive population subsist, The Prot boundary ehesgrate of British Somaliland has for its mati extends trans He, £50 miles of coastline on the Gulf of ales forty-nine geod Ada (Eady), longitude 42° 15 East, sf 882 Ziad: ‘gree of East longitude, close to the town of Bin iada. tectorate marches with Italian Somaliland from Bast nis wate Prot jada orate mar near ‘Taleko Point in latitude 8° North; thence with Abys# Toyi Ada Clatgigt itt, French Somaliland from near wok ® Jo The © coast. . 8 and ¢; 0 Topograrhtagt {He Protectorate is, about 68,000 equate = On parts peo” Mich most of the nat extending southme fonsists of the following four main fea! ‘nent, Petts Of the maritime plain, among the foothills of the esca (2) An alimony {rom the coastline sags! ph ues che Sebecally, in the west, on several fats Detreen the ranging ‘in’ bron pares gentle rising, alluvial or ait tf Sansccienie th OF the main escarpment, are large and oma mila h from about half-a-mile ip fo sists geri” Zhrenbergit (Hig), a plant which is some eine "tcial vale of which the fibre is considered to be of © 2242 , lis sbout 60 miles in the west ; this is succeeded byee seeeauers i Peace ncaa near eeeeeaaey s soMAl 4 COnoNtaL my : ae izaxp, 1933 5 History: : : | he administration of the Somali Coast bad been in the admis ie ration cfnt.. Upon its collapse in 1654, we | pete the Eayp te ne Gs ai in and the boundaries | ae ba rate was Proc 0 the ex © country, but T goats a6 exceattle, thri Hently no Ig st ert i th a ae galls i Great Brita “ Jaimed by Greet Italy, and Abyssinia. Until i ith France, Italy, oe the Resident at Aden as no hotels Ag Meta, Zeilah, ang There any ‘sort Las Ki, . one 10m at Berbera, Khareh praccorate wervoments with F 2 but on! pithed rest-houser rt oF el Ler acttled bY 28rte was administered by the a nly that at Borpehousen at peri tere Bie Protectorate was adrignt of India. In tbat y a it was the Foreign Office, and on Ist April, ropeean cra 08 at Teron 16 0 Rita wri aebeEN Prokyeetn Yt I intending wick in British foe gfe Government tats to Obtain pepe they’ bal {OF auch vinitorn toneeie? emt ol cern 6 le arrangeren OMcers Of the Protectorate Cth Privately. tay Depart the charge of 3 Depa to the chargé - ynial Office. i i toe ond the history of the Protectorate is largely a From 190) jpaigns against Mobammed-bin-Abdulla Hassan, the beat iiah” Tn 1901, 1902, and 1903, expeditions were sent at the Mullah, and in January, 1904, a crushing defeat was “raion him at Jidballeh. He then retired into Italian territory ii daimed Italian protection. An agreement was made between im and the Italian Government, but the Mullah soon disregarded is agreement and coramenced further aggressive actions against Se tabs onder British protection, In 108, a policy of coastal concentration was adopted. In March, 1910, all troops were withdrawn from the country, qeept for small garrisons at the three ports of Berbera, Sdtar, and Zeilah. This policy did not prove a success, pi in i9l213 the strict coastal concentration was aban- iia and administration in the interior gradually resumed. From ttieck with ae geting continued until 1920, when a combined EM tonwet, and and air forces scattered the Mullah and Villah fed mend, captured all his forts and possessions. The Tn recent so AbYetinia, where he died in February, 1921, o interstriba | ee conditions have been peaceful with the exception ws em. As Beate raids both in the ‘Protectorate and outside ite Staalis, they mauigence in these is the hereditary pastime of all checked’ any ware tne 7 regarded very seriously, as they can be 18 checked, by extension of administration. Somalitand ta prawn laste from Decenine Put fairl Practically no rain, oe they are : Khari, wh the y 1.—GOVERNMENT. The Pr ‘otectorate ji au Beace by the hece taministerea by the Commissioner and in his finer N° ROT Legian, %the Government. There is neither wg" * definea native Council. The powers of the Commis. - in the Somaliland Orders in Council, 1929 and 83:08:13 | "0-08 -s 20) 82 | “0-00) 2 bake Depart, Departments of Government. bare those deaigt, Government whose headquarters are at qa Customs, pong With Finance, Police and Prisons, Medical oe ii ahtern Of the xost® and Telegraphs, and Public Works. The eterinary Department are at Burao, and those ‘sticultur, tae tural and Geological Department at Hargeioa. It ot wind recorded Wo Wesieow davkag par 3 Oo GL ed ecard fs Berbore during thee Ber hoy