Introductory Physics 101 Test 5 Review Sheet

DISCLAIMER: This sheet is in no way supposed to be an absolute guide to everything that will
be covered on this test. Any specific omissions you notice should be brought to my attention.

FORMAT: The format will be similar to the other tests. Approximately 30 points in the form of
true/false, multiple-choice, short answer questions. The remainder will consist of problems for
you to work. There may be some problems that you can choose from, and some that are required.

SUGGESTIONS: Review the homework, class notes, and text. Practice by answering the
questions at the end of the chapter and solving some problems not assigned for homework. Also,
look at the old tests, quizzes, and solved homework on the website. Always draw a diagram and
start from the simplest equations. I have found that it is almost always better to solve problems
in terms of known variables and then substitute any given numbers. Understand the derivation
and application of the equations; don't just memorize them.

WHAT IS COVERED:

The knowledge you gain in physics is cumulative  you need to understand the concepts
covered on test 1, 2, 3, and 4! For example, conservation of mechanical energy is
especially important for this test!
All of Chapter 6 and Chapter 7

NEW CONCEPTS COVERED ON THIS TEST WILL INCLUDE:

(From Chapter 6: Work and Energy, Conservation of Mechanical Energy, Power, etc.)
Impulse and linear momentum
Conservation of linear momentum, both 1D and 2D
Elastic, inelastic, and completely inelastic collisions
Combining conservation of energy and conservation of momentum
Center of Mass

NEW EQUATIONS YOU SHOULD KNOW:

 
p  mv (momentum)
  
Ft  p  mv  impulse (a vector quantity!)
 
pi  p f (if no net external force)
KEi  KE f (in an elastic collision )
xi mi
xCM  (center of mass)
mi
COMMON MISTAKES MADE FROM RECENT CHAPTERS:
Chapter 6
 Using W = Fdcos is valid only if the force is constant.
 Not all angles are created equal. Understand the angles in the W = Fd cos equation.
 Don’t forget to square the velocity (really, speed) when computing kinetic energy.
 The spring constant, k, does have units. In the mks system N/m are appropriate.
 The net work done (by all forces) equals the change in kinetic energy, not simply W = KE
 (advanced) A ball that “rolls without slipping” is most likely not on a frictionless surface
(otherwise it would just slide!) but the work done by this frictional force is zero. Cool.
Chapter 7
 P (power) and p (momentum) are not the same thing. Don’t mix them in your equations.
 By definition, during an elastic collision, KE is conserved, not mechanical energy.
 If momentum is conserved, then it is conserved in the x direction, the y direction, and the z
direction independently. Mucho equations!
SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
1. A 0.25-kg ball moving in the +x direction at 13 m/s is hit by a bat. Its final velocity is 19 m/s in the
x direction. The bat acts on the ball for 0.010s. Find the average force exerted on the ball by the
bat. What is the impulse imparted on the ball?
2. A 15.0-gram BB is fired horizontally into a 3.00-kg block of wood suspended by a 1.00-m long cord.
The bullet sticks in the wood and causes the cord to make a maximum angle of 25.8º, with the
vertical. Compute the initial speed of the BB. What percentage of the BB’s mechanical energy is
dissipated in the collision?
3. Two identical balls collide head on. The initial velocity of one is +0.75 m/s and that of the other is
0.43 m/s. If the collision is elastic, what is the final velocity of each ball? (You may be able to
guess the answer, but you have to show it!) Solve again if a completely inelastic collision occurs.
4. A 200.-g air-track glider (call it glider 1 or glider A, as you like) traveling at 30.0 cm/s collides
elastically with a 400.-g glider (glider 2 or glider B) initially at rest. Draw a diagram of the situation
both before and after the collision. Determine the final velocity of both gliders after the collision.
This will require two steps and then some not-so-hard algebra!
5. Solve question 4 if, during the collision, 30 percent of the initial kinetic energy is dissipated.
6. Solve question 4 if the collision is completely inelastic. What fraction of the initial energy is lost?
7. An 800.-gram ball traveling at 30.0 cm/s hits a 500.-gram ball traveling at 50.0 cm/s in the opposite
direction. The first ball is deflected downward from its original direction by 30.0º and is traveling at
15 cm/s after the collision. What is the final velocity of the other ball? How much mechanical
energy, if any, is dissipated in the collision?
8. A steel ball of mass 0.50 kg is fastened to a 70.0-cm-long cord and is released when the cord is
horizontal (the angle with respect to the vertical is 90.0°.) At the bottom of the path the ball strikes a
2.50-kg steel block, initially at rest. The collision is elastic. To what angle, with respect to the
vertical, does the ball on the cord return? What fraction of the kinetic energy immediately before the
collision is imparted to the 2.50-kg block?
9. Suppose in problem 8 the two masses experience a completely inelastic collision. To what angle does
the pendulum swing after the collision?
ANSWERS: 1. 800. N, 8.00 kg·m/s (negatives and positives in answers indicates direction)
2 281 m/s, 99.5%
3 0.43 m/s and +0.75 m/s, respectively, but you need to show this; +0.16 m/s
4 v2’ = +20.0 cm/s, v1’ = 10.0 cm/s
5 v2’ = +17.4 cm/s, v1’ = 4.83 cm/s
6 v1’ = v2’ = V’= 10.0 cm/s, two-thirds (66.7%) of the mechanical energy is dissipated
7 26 cm/s at 28º North of original direction, 0.0729 J (74% of the initial is converted)
8 56.25, 5/9 or 55.5%
9 13.54º