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Will Cole
Think of your hormones like chemical messengers of your body. Each hormone sends speci c
instructions to every organ, making hormones responsible for just about everything your body does –
how it works, how it feels, and how healthy it is. Hormones in uence your mood, energy level, weight,
temperature, digestion, and many other aspects of your health. And yet, we don’t often think about, let
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alone appreciate, our hormones until they stop working the way we want them to. And when that
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Your hormones are produced in the major endocrine glands – your brain (hypothalamus, pineal, and
pituitary glands), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and reproductive glands (ovaries and testes).
Some hormones are also produced in your gastrointestinal tract. With hormones, it’s all about balance.
As Goldilocks lamented (and I’m paraphrasing here), there can’t be too much or too little. Hormones
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have to be just right. Otherwise, a myriad of health issues can happen.
But when you suspect hormone imbalance, mainstream medicine typically runs only basic labs. If your
labs don’t come back “normal,” you’re typically given a synthetic hormone cream or pill that could have
side effects. If those labs come back “normal” and you’re still experiencing symptoms, you may be told
you’re either depressed, just getting older, or need to lose weight.
Functional medicine wants to nd out the root cause of patients’ hormonal symptoms as well as
support the body’s natural mechanisms for healthy hormone balance, and that makes a lot more sense
to me. Let’s go over some of the most common hormone problems that I see in patients, and that you
may be going through right now. I’ll also explain which labs you may want to consider asking your
doctor about.
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1. Cortisol
Our adrenal glands secret several hormones, and one of them is cortisol, your body’s primary stress
hormone. Adrenal fatigue happens when there’s an imbalance in this cortisol rhythm: Cortisol is high
when it should be low, low when it should be high, or always high or always low. Adrenal fatigue
(https://drwillcole.com/constantly-stressed-exhausted-8-ways-to-heal-from-adrenal-fatigue/) is really
a dysfunction of your brain’s communication with your adrenals – not the adrenal glands themselves.
Because adrenal fatigue is mainly a brain stress problem, the functional medicine solution focuses on
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minimizing chronic stressors (https://drwillcole.com/12-daily-habits-that-invite-calm-mindfulness/). x
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What you might experience:
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Fatigued in the afternoon but you get a “second wind” in the evening
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Trouble staying asleep at night
Afternoon headaches
Chronic in ammation
Moodiness
The Labs: I run a 24-Hour Adrenal Stress Index, a salivary test that tracks your cortisol levels, and an
HPA (brain-adrenal) axis quality lab.
2. Thyroid
Every cell of your body needs thyroid hormones to function optimally. There are many underlying
thyroid problems (https://drwillcole.com/6-thyroid-conditions-that-wont-show-up-on-standard-
tests/) that won’t show up on standard labs. For example: thyroid conversion issues, thyroid resistance,
or autoimmune attacks against the thyroid (Hashimoto’s (https://drwillcole.com/the-leading-cause-of-
hypothyroidism-the-8-tests-your-doctor-hasnt-run/) or Graves’ disease).
Feeling tired
Constipation
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that subside Guide
as the day goes on x
Thinning of the outer third of eyebrows
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Excessive
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Tips.
Dry skin
Brain fog
The Labs: Mainstream medicine typically just runs TSH and T4 (inactive thyroid hormone) to determine
thyroid hormone dosage. A functional medicine thyroid panel involves looking at many other labs such3/11
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as Free and Total T3 (active thyroid hormone), Reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies to rule out
autoimmune thyroid problems. For a full list of thyroid labs and how to interpret them, read my
previous article here (https://drwillcole.com/why-your-lab-results-could-be-lying-about-your-thyroid-
health/).
3. Estrogen
The ratio of the three forms of estrogen – estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) – is important for
both women and men. Some research has linked imbalances in estrogens to increased mortality rates in
those with heart disease (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436016) as well as the progression
of some cancers (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337090).
Vaginal dryness
Night sweats
Brain fog
Feeling lethargic
Depression
Hot ashes
Bloating
Breast tenderness
Mood swings
Insomnia
Brain fog
Gallbladder problems
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The Labs: A full blood and salivary female hormone panel, including all estrogen isomers, can shed light
on the speci c problem.
4. Progesterone
Both men and women need healthy progesterone balance. Progesterone helps balance and neutralize
the effects of too much estrogen. Without proper progesterone levels, estrogen becomes out of
control, also known as estrogen dominance.
PMS
Insomnia
Poor complexion
Painful breasts
Cyclical headaches
Anxiety
Infertility
5. Testosterone
I often see low testosterone in both men and women in my functional medicine clinic. Studies have
linked low testosterone in women to heart disease (http://www.eje-
online.org/content/156/6/687.full), low sex drive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215268),
and breast cancer (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028858). One study
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19401373) found that men with low testosterone had a great
rate of death. But you can also have too much.
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Acne
Thinning hair
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Infertility
Ovarian cysts
Irritability
Weight gain
Fatigue
I often see the over-conversion of testosterone to estrogen in men. Men don’t produce estrogen like
women but convert it through a process called aromatization. Excess activity of the enzyme aromatase
can cause low testosterone and high estrogen in men resulting in:
Erectile dysfunction
Weight gain
Irritability
Breast enlargement
6. Leptin
Your fat cells aren’t just some unsightly nuisances that jiggle and make clothes not t; they’re actually
an intelligent part of your endocrine (hormonal) system. Fat cells produce a hormone called leptin.
7. Insulin
Just like leptin resistance, insulin resistance is not a hormonal de ciency but a hormonal resistance
pattern. Most people know insulin resistance when it comes to type 2 diabetes, but insulin resistance
(https://drwillcole.com/why-diabetes-gets-worse-over-time-in-spite-of-drug-treatments/) can also
happen in those who are pre-diabetic, or have sub-clinical blood sugar imbalance.
This pre-diabetic metabolic syndrome is marked by this resistance to insulin meaning your body is
producing insulin but the insulin is not doing what it should, i.e., shuttling blood sugar into your cells
where you can use it. Instead, this ineffective insulin, through a cascade of reactions, results in
excessive fat storage, making weight loss seem impossible.
Dependence on coffee
Poor memory
Blurred vision
Sugar cravings
The Labs: Serum insulin, c-peptide, fasting blood sugar, and HgbA1c.
Recently, I’ve been working on rehabbing my own adrenal fatigue and have shared my journey to
hormonal balance in my 90-day hormone reset (https://drwillcole.com/the-90-day-diet-that-
drastically-improved-my-sleep-energy-anxiety/).
If you want to learn more about your own health case please check out our free health evaluation.
(https://drwillcole.com/consultation/) We offer in person as well as phone and webcam consultations for
people across the country and around the world.
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consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or
have a medical condition.
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G O T O T H E S H O P ( H T T P S : // D R W I L L C O L E . C O M / S H O P - D R - W I L L- C O L E / )
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Dr. Will Cole on Thyroid Nation Radio: Thyroid Health, Functional Medicine &
« Autoimmune Disease
(https://drwillcole.com/dr-will-cole-on-thyroid-nation-radio-thyroid-health-functional-medicine-
autoimmune-disease/)
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