Index Accumulator 29 counter specification 30 duty cycle 30 duty rating 30 Schmitt trigger 30 Alarming and reporting, 220 alarm system 222 function 220 illuminated pushbuttons 221 processing 220 Analog, data services 131 central site 131 end-to-end loop 131 master unit 132 master-to-multiple 131 multiple junction unit (MJU) 133 parameters 131 point-to-multi-point see Point-to-multi- point oint-to-multi-point data service 131-2 point-to-point see Point-to-point telemetry service 133 field analog 13 input 3, 14, 17, 19, 26, 225 B-bit points 26 AGND 24-5 AMP LO 24 configurations 24,26 connecting signal 24 connection methods 24 DC part 26 differential inputs 25 modules 26 pscudo-differential inputs 25 single ended 24-5 output 3, 27 backplane 27 current output 27 load resistance 27 voltage output 27 signal 108, 158, 180 tachometer signals. 109 Antenna 223, 225, 227 Application layer 97, 169 Arithmetic instructions. 44 arithmetic operation 45 ASCII or BCD 44 floating point 45 integer floating point 44 ASCII 44, 191, 200-1, 208 Asynchronous 78-80, 137, 178, 186, 210 digital link 137 transfer mode (ATM) 141 technology 141 WANs [dl Attachment unit interface (AUD) 51, 148 Attenuation 83, 180-1 see also Protocols A/D converter 20-1 aperture time 21 integrating 21 advantages 21 RTD modules 21 specification 22 absolute accuracy 22 actual transfer function 22 bipolar offset 22 differential linearity 22 gain error (scale factor error) 22 ideal function 22 linearity errors 22 LSB 22 missing code 22 ‘monotonicity 22 quantizing uncertainty 23 relative accuracy 23 resolution 22 unipolar offset 22 successive approximation A/Ds 21 Amplifier 20-1, 25, 129, 180-1 common mode voltages 20 low-level signal 20 low-level voltage 20 PGA 20 radio power amplifier 225 real-world amplifiers 20 time drift 21 Bit error rate (BER) 101-2, 227 Bus: DC buses 109 direct bus 88 logic buses 108274 index token bus 147 Cable: AUT cable 149-$0 backbone cable 150 cabling system 101 capacitance 100 category 3 cable 151, 157 category 4 cable 151 category 5 cable 151, 156 characteristics 112 circuits 102 coaxial cable 52, 112, 116, 121-2, 125, 148, 153, 155 assessing condition 125 communication cables 121, 213 conductor resistance 113 see also Conductors connector see Connectors copper cable 112, 114, 121, 155, 161 data cable 100 DC voltage 113 earthing system 111 electrostatic coupling 102-3, 107 electrostatic field coupling 111 noise see Noise Ethemet cabling $1 fiber optic cable 5, 112, 116-7, 121, 148, 155-6, 159, 236 see also Fiber optic 1O0base-FX switch 160 100base-T bit 159 benefits 116 cable distances 100base-FX 159 digital signals 116 node to hub 159 node to switch 160 signal mode fiber 160 switch to switch 160 switch to switch full-duplex 160 grounding requirements. 111 configuration 111 high frequency type cable 113 impedance coupling 105-6, 111 ‘common retum wire 105 signal circuits 106 interface 101 electrical interface 101 interference see Interference joining cables 120 barrel arrangement 121 chemical 121 communication system 120 fusion splicing 121 mechanical 121 methods, connecting optic fiber 120-1 limitation of cables 121 low frequency type cable 113 magnetic coupling 102, 104-5, 107 corrosion problems 105 magnetic field 105 magnetic flux 104 magnitude 105 signal circuits 104 ‘main factors 100 node cable 151 node to hub cable 152 nylon coated 113 plenium cables 113 power cables 101 privately owned cables. 121 PVC sheath 114 resistance 100, 103 shielded twisted pair (STP) 114, 155 shielded wire 103 spacing 108 specification of cables 120 cladding diameter 120 Kelvar 120 steel armored 113 telephone quality cables 121 modems see Modem twisted pair telephone cables 122 thicknet cable 149-50 thinnet cable 150 tray spacing 110 twisted pair cables 112-4, 122 data quality 122 twisting 102 two wire open lines 114 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) 114, 151, 153, 155-9, cabling distances 100base-TX/T4 159 Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) 50, 57, 60-2, 80, 147, 153, 156, 161, 167 Center-of-code (CC) 22 Central station 17 CMOS 35 Collision detection (CD) 50, 57, 60-2, 80, 146-7, 153, 157, 160-1, 167COM port 7 ‘Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) 20 Communication: architectures 55 full duplex mode see Full-duplex multiple slaves 55 multi-point 55, 57, 90 peer-to-peer 55, 60, 89 point-to-point see Point-to-point CSMA/CD 60-2, 80, 147, 153, 156-7, 167, 203, access mechanism 156 exception reporting 60-1 remote station 60 jam sequence 60 landline see Landline link 10-2, 19, 100, 102, 114, 126, 182-3, 201, 208 meteor tral ionization 98 open standards 87, 98 DNP standard 87 enhanced performance architecture (EPA) 88 OSI 3-layer 88 polled (or master slave) 57 advantages 57 considerations 58 disadvantages 58 slaves 57 polling plus CSMA/CD 61 ‘modem up time 62 ‘muting time 62 radio transmit time 62 slot time 62 types of slots 61 RTU to RTU communication 59 services 100 spread spectrum satellite 98 synchronous communications 187 see also Synchronous CH circuit 188 circuit CL 188 data signal rate selector 188 DE-25 connector 188 interchange circuits 188 modem’s bit rate 188 signal quality detector 188 transmit clock pin 188 Conductors 100, 104, 112-3 aluminum conductors 112 Index 275 copper conductors 112 Connectors: 25 pin D-connector 149 34-pin connector 116 BS-type connectors 116 DB-25 115-6, 185 DB-37 116 DB-9 116, 185 DIN-type connectors 116 DIX connector 149 high-speed serial data connector (HSSDC) 163 IEC-type connectors 116 N-connector 148 popular connectors 115 RJ-45 connectors 157 SC fiber connectors 162 Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraphs (CCITT) 116, 139, 197 Control station 11 CPU 2, 18, 54 central link 19 communication ports 19 real-time clock 19 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 62, 85-6, 155, 196-8 Data acquisition 2, 24, 173 Data compression 196 ‘compression techniques 197-8 Lempel-Ziv 198 to achieve higher effective speeds 198 MNP class 5 compression 198, 201 adaptive frequency coding 199 compression token 199 run length encoding 198 token 199 two-stage process 198 MNP class 7 enhanced data compression 199 4-bit nibble 201 ASCII code 200,201 compression ratio 200 decoding the data stream 201 dictionary 201 Huffman code 199-201 steps, in computing the Huffman codes 200 transmitting modem 201