STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
3
If we write 3/5 in fraction it is equal to 60% =  100
5
= 60.
Convert Percentage into Decimal:
20
 20% = = 0.5
100
Convert Decimal Into Percentage:
 0.25 = (0.25 × 100) % = 25%
 1.50 = (1.50 × 100) % = 150%

Important Formulas and Shortcuts to solve

Percentage
Percentage is a very basic and important topic for
Quantitative Aptitude as you can solve other topics
speedily with its help. These formulas and shortcuts will
be helpful for your upcoming Exams like Railway and
SSC 2018.
Percentage (%)
Percent sign
 The percent sign is the symbol: %
 It is written to the right side of the number: 50% Majorly used values shown in Percent, Decimal and
Percentage Definition Fraction
 The percentage is a value that represents the proportion This table will help you solve questions very fast and
of one number to another number. easily. Try to remember these fractions because it
Percentage is per-cent which means parts per hundred will save a lot of time in your examination.
(1/100). Decim Fracti
If we have to convert percentage into fraction then it Percent al on
is divide by 100. 1% 0.01 1/100
5% 0.05 1/20
10% 0.1 1/10
12 ½% 0.125 1/8
20% 0.2 1/5
25% 0.25 ¼
1
33 % 0.333 1/3
3
50% 0.5 ½
75% 0.75 ¾
80% 0.8 4/5
90% 0.9 9/10
Example:
99% 0.99 99/10
If we write 45% then its equal to 45/100 or in fraction
0
9/20 or in decimal 0.45
100% 1
If we have to convert fraction into percentage we
125% 1.25 5/4
have to multiply it with 100.
Example: 150% 1.5 3/2

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
200% 2  R 
n
1. Value of the machine after n years = P 1 
Types of Formulas and Short Tricks  100 
Type 1: P
2. Value of the machine n years ago = n
Percentage Increase/Decrease:  R 
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then 1 
 100 
the reduction in consumption so as not to increase 3. If A is x% more than B, then B is less than A by=
 R   
the expenditure is:   100% x
 100%
 100  R  

 100  x  
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then 4. If A is x% less than B, then B is more than A by=
the increase in consumption so as not to decrease the
 x 
 R    100%
expenditure is:   100%  100  x  
 100  R   Note:
If the value of a number is first increased by a% and For two successive changes of x% and y%, net change =
later decreased by a%. Then the net effect is always xy
decreased which is equal to a% of a and is written is {x + y + }%
100
 a2  5 Some basic Questions with Short Tricks on
 % Percentage:
 100 
Type 2: Question 1: If the radius of a circle is increased by
Results on Population: 50%, its area is increased by
Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it (1) 125% (2) 100%
increases at the rate of R% per annum, then: (3) 75% (4) 50%
n Solution:
 R 
1.Population after n years = P 1  Let the old area be 100%.
 100  50% increase means 150%
P So, 100 × 150% × 150% (because of 2 dimensional)
2.Population n years ago = n
 R  3 3
100    225
1  100  2 2
Increase = 225 – 100= 125%
Short Trick:
ab
Formula: a + b +
100
= 50% + 50% + 50% of 50%
= 100% + 25% = 125%
Question 2:
The price of an article is reduced by 25% but the
daily sale of the article is increased by 30%. The net
effect on the daily sale receipt is
1
(1) 2 % Increase
2
1
(2) 2 % Decrease
Type 3: 2
Results on Depreciation: (3) 2% Increase
Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it (4) 2% Decrease
depreciates at the rate of R% per annum. Then: Solution:

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Let the price of the article be Rs.100 and the daily sale 34 100
be 100 units x  85%
40
Revenue per day = 100 × 100 = Rs.10000 Question 4:
Case II: If Ravi's salary is 25% more than Raju's salary, then
New receipts = 75 x 130 = Rs.9750 the percentage by which Raju's salary is less than
Decrease = (10000 – 9750) = 250 Ravi's salary is
250 1 (1) 15 (2) 20
% decrease =  100  2 %
10000 2 (3) 25 (4) 32
Short Trick 1: Solution:
Let the daily sale is 100 125 5
Ravi's = × Raju's salary = × Raju's salary
75 130 100 4
So, 100    97.5
100 100 This means if Raju's salary is Rs.4 then Ravi's salary in
Means, 100 – 97.5 = 2.5 % decrease Rs.5.
Decreases by 2.5% 54
Short Trick: 2: They Required % = 100  20%
5
= – 25% + 30 % + (– 25%) of (30%) Short Trick:
= 2.5 % decrease Raju Ravi
Question 3:
In a test consisting of 80 questions carrying one mark
each, Ankita answered 65% of the first 40 questions 25
correctly. What percent of the other 40 questions  100  20%
125
does she need to answer correctly to score 75% on Question 5:
the entire test? In a village, each of the 60% of families has a cow;
(1) 60 (2) 80 each of the 30% of families has buffalo and each of
(3) 75 (4) 85 the 15% of families has both a cow and a buffalo. In
Solution: all there are 96 families in the village. How many
According to question, families do not have a cow or a buffalo?
(x% of remaining 40 ques.) + (65% of already done 40 (1) 20 (2) 24
question) = 75% of total 80 questions (3) 26 (4) 28
x 65 75 Solution:
 40   40   80 Families have cow = + 60%
100 100 100
40x  2600 6000 Families have buffalo = + 30%
 Families have both = - 15%
100 100
40x + 2600 = 6000 Families have a cow or a buffalo = 75%
40x = 3400 Families don't have any cow or a buffalo
x = 85 % = 25% of 96 = 24
Simple Way: Solved Questions:
Question 6:
65
65% of 40 questions =  40 = 26 questions If ram earns 25% more than Shyam then what %
100 less does Shyam earn than ram?
Thus, she gets 26 marks 1
25% 
75
But she needs to score 75% of 80 =  80 = 60 4
100 It means Shyam income is 4 and Ram income is 5
marks So ram is % less than Shyam
Req. marks = 60 – 26 = 34 marks = 1  100  20%
Now, x% of 40 = 34 5
Question 7:

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
A's income is 10% more than B's income. How much Question 12:
per cent is B's income less than A's income? If the sides of a square is increased by 40% find the
Solution: percentage change in its area?
Let B's Income = Rs.100 x y
xy
A's income = 100  110  110 100
100 40  40
40  40 
Required percentage = 100
10 1 80  16
 100  9 %
110 11  96
Question 8: Question 13:
If ram earns 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟑 % more than Shyam what % less If the radius of a circle is increased by 25% then find
does Shyam earn than Ram? the percentage change in its area ?
2 1 Solution:
16 % 
3 6 1
25% 
Shyam = 6 and Ram = 7 4
Shyam is % less than Ram It mean we can say radius of circle is 4
= 1  100  14 2 % And new radius is 5
7 7 So area of original circle = 16
Question 9: So new area of original circle = 25
Sixty – five percent of a number is 21 less than three Percentage change in area =
– fourth of that number. What is the number? 25  16 9
 100   100  56.25%
Solution: 16 16
Three fourth = ¾ = 75% Question 14:
75% - 65% = 21 If the base radius of a right circular cylinder is
10% = 21 increased by 40% and its height is reduce by 37.5%
100% = 210 then find the percentage change its volume?
Question 10: Solution:
If 𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟑% of a no. is added with itself then result 2
40%  ,37.5% 
3
becomes 3900. Find the original number? 5 8
Solution: It means original radius is 5 and original height is 8
2 2 Volume of cylinder =   25  8  200
66 % 
3 3 New radius is 7 and new height is 5
It means 3 is the original number New volume of cylinder =   49  5  245
And 2 is added to the number then it becomes 5 and Percentage change in area = 245  200  100  22.5%
5 unit = 3900 200
1 unit = 780
3 unit = 2340
Question 11:
If 96 is added in a number then number becomes
𝟏
157𝟕 % of itself. Find the numbers?
Solution:
1 1 4 11
157 %  100  57  1  
7 7 7 7
It means 7 is the original number and after adding 96 it
becomes 11 that means
4 unit = 96
1 unit = 16
7 unit = 112

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Question 15: If he has to purchase it in 9 month
𝟏 So he saves 4 rupees per month
If the length of the rectangle is increased by 37𝟐 %
𝟐
His saving increased by
and its breadth is decreased by 16𝟑 %. Find the 43 1
 100  33 %
approximate % change in its area? 3 3
Solution:
1 3 2 1 Question 17:
37 %  ,16 %  𝟐
2 8 3 6 The price of sugar is increased by 16𝟑% and the
It means original length of rectangle is 8 and original consumption of a family is decreased by 20%. Find
breadth of rectangle is 6 the % change in expenditure?
Area of rectangle = 48 Solution:
New length of rectangle is 11 2 1 1
New breadth of rectangle is 5 16 %  20% 
3 6 5
Area of rectangle is 55 It means the original price of sugar is 6 and
So percentage change in area consumption of family is 5
= 55  48  100  14.58% Total expenditure is 30
48 And new price of sugar is 7 and new consumptions is 4
Question 16: Total expenditure is 28
A man saves a certain parts of his income every Percentage change in expenditure is
month, so that he can purchase a car in one year. By 30  28 200 2
what percent he must increase in his saving, so that  100  6 %
30 30 3
he can purchase the same car in nine month? Question 18:
Solution: 𝟏
The sale of a cinema ticket is increased by 57𝟕% and
Let the amount of the car is 36 𝟐
So he saves 3 rupees per month if he has to purchase to the price of ticket is increased by 16𝟑%. Find the
it in 12 month change in his revenue?

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Solution: Remaining = 60
1
57 % 
4 2
16 % 
1 Travel = 60 × 10% = 6
7 7 3 6 Remaining = 54
It means no. of sale of cinema ticket is 7 and original Food = 54 × 16.66% = 9
price of ticket is 6 Remaining = 45
Therefore total revenue is 42 45 = 6750
New sale of ticket is 11 1 = 150
New price of ticket is 7 Amount spent on food
New revenue is 77 150 × 9 = 1350
Percentage change in its revenue is Question 21:
77  42 35 In an examination 35% is passing marks one
 100   100  83.33%
42 42 candidate obtain 135 marks and failed by 40 marks
Question 19:
then find the maximum marks?
A man can type 20 line in 10 minute but he leaves
8% margin on each line. In how many time he will Solution:
type 23 page with 40 lines on each page on which he 35% = 135 + 40
leaves 25% more margin of before 100% = 175  100  500
Solution: 35
We know that Question 22:
Rohit obtained 480 marks out of 600 and Mohit
20 line in 10 minute
obtained 560 marks out of 800. Whose performance
It means 2 lines per minute
is better and how much %?
If he leaves 8% margin that means
2 × 92 line/minute Solution:
480
But he has to type 23 page with 40 lines leaves 25% Rohit got = 600 x 100 = 80 %
more margin of before 560
Mohit got = 800 x 100 = 70 %
Which means
Rohit performance is better.
23 × 40 × 90 = 2 × 92 × x 10 2
x = 450 min % better = 70 x 100 = 147 %
Question 20: Question 23:
If the income tax is increased by 19% then net In an election between two candidates, 65 votes were
income is reduced by 6%. Find the rate of income declared invalid one candidate get 52% votes and
tax? win by 98 votes. Find the total number of votes?
Solution: Solution:
tax  19 NI  6 Winner 52% Looser 48%

100 100 4% = 98
tax 6 100% = 2450

NI 19 Valid vote = 2450
Total income is 6 + 19 = 25 Total vote = 2450 +65 = 2515
Rate of income tax is Question 24:
6 The length and breadth of rectangle is increased by
 100  24%
25 30% and 20% respectively, so find the net % change
Question 21:
in its area?
Deepak spends 40% of his salary on house rent, on
𝟐 Solution:
remaining 10% spends on travels , on remaining 16𝟑 x×y
% spends on food and remaining is saved. If he saved Net % change = x + y + 100
30×20
Rs. 6750 what amount he spent on food? = 30 + 20 + 100
Solution: = 56%
Let the income be 100
House rent = 40

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Question 25: Solution:
A number is mistakenly divided by 10 instead of 10
40× 100 = 4 lit.
being multiplied by 10.What is the percentage error
80% = 36
in the result? 36
Solution: 1% = 80
Let the number is 10. 20% = 36 80
× 20= 9 Lit.
Actual result = 10 x 10 = 100 Req. water = 9 – 4 = 5 lit.
10
Wrong result = =1 Question 30:
10
100−1 Fresh fruit contains 68% water and dry fruit
% change = 100 x 100 = 99% contains 20% water. How much dry fruit can be
Question 26: obtained from 100 kg. of fresh fruit?
The numerator of a fraction is increased by 400% Solution:
and denominator is increased by 500%, so the 32
resultant fraction is 15/22. Find the original fraction? Fruit content in 100 kg. of fresh fruits = 100× 100
Solution: = 32 kg.
500% 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 15 Since, dry fruits contain 80% fruit content,
= 22 80% = 32
600% 𝑜𝑓 𝑦
5𝑥 15 32
= 1% = 80
6𝑦 22
𝑥
Original Fr/action 𝑦 = 22×5
15×6 100% = 32
80
× 100= 40 kg.

9
Original Fraction = 11 EXPECTED QUESTIONS:
Question 27: Q.1. Vimal bought a watch costing Rs.1404 including
A, B and C are three persons. A earned 40% more sales tax at 8%. He asked the shopkeeper to reduce
than B and B earned 20% less than C, so what % the price of the watch so that he can save the amount
more earned A than C. equal to the tax. The reduction of the price of the
Solution: watch is?
A B C (A) Rs.108 (B) Rs.104
112 80 100
(C) Rs.112 (D) Rs.120
A more earned than C = 112 – 100 = 12 Solution:(B)
12 100 1.08x = 1404, x = 1300
% more earned =
100 The reduction of the price of the watch = 104
= 12 % Q.2. A Sales Executive gets a commission on total sales at
Question 28:
8%. If the sale is exceeded Rs.10, 000 he gets an
Due to reduction of 20% in the price of apples
additional commission as a bonus of 4% on the
enables a person to purchase 16 apples more for
excess of sales over Rs.10, 000. If he gets the total
Rs.320, so find the reduced rate of 10 apples?
commission of Rs.950, then the bonus he received is?
Solution:
320×20 (A) 40 (B) 50
Reduced rate = = 64
100
64 (C) 36 (D) 48
Reduced rate of 1 apple = 16 = Rs.4
Reduced rate of 10 apples = 4 x10 Solution:(B)
= Rs.40 8
Question 29: Commission up to 10000 = 10000   800
100
A mixture of 40 litres of milk and water contains Ratio = 2x: x; Commission = 2x, Bonus = x;
10% water. How much water should be added, so
1 1
water may be 20% in the new mixture? Bonus =  950  800    150   50
3 3

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Q.3. In a College there are 1800 students. Last day except 4% English books = 40% of reaming books
of the boys all the students were present in the college. = 60% of 0.4x = 0.24x.
Today except 5% of the girls all the students are present Malayalam Books = x - 0.6x - 0.24x = 0.16x
in the college, but in both the days number of students Given, 0.24x = 4800
present in the college, were same. The number of girls x = 4800/0.24 = 20000
in the college is? Malayalam Books = 0.16x = 0.16 × 20000 = 3200.
(A) 1000 (B) 400 Q.5. 80% of a small number is 4 less than 40% of a larger
(C) 800 (D) 600 number. The larger number is 125 greater than the
smaller one. The sum of these two numbers is
Solution:(C)
(A) 325 (B) 345
From Options; let Number of girls = 800
Number of boys = 1000 (C) 355 (D) 365
96% of 1000 + 800 = 95% of 800 + 1000 Solution:(C)
Q.4. In a library 60% of the books are in Hindi, 60% of the Smaller number = x; Larger number = y
remaining books are in English rest of the books are in 0.8x + 4 = 0.4y
Malayalam. If there are 4800 books in English, then the 4y – 8x = 40
total number of books in Malayalam are? y – x = 125
(A) 3400 (B) 3500 x = 115; y = 240
x + y = 355
(C) 3100 (D) 3200
Q.6. In a private company 60% of the employees are men
Solution:(D) and 48% of the employees are Engineer and 66.6% of
Let there are x books in the library. Engineers are men. The percentage of women who are
60x not engineers is?
Hindi books = 60% of x = = 0.6X
100 (A) 60% (B) 50%
Remaining Books = x - 0.6x = 0.4x (C) 55% (D) 65%

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
Solution:(A) x × 0.9 × 0.8 × 0.75 = 270
Men = 600x, Women = 400x 270 10000
x=
Total engineers = 480x, 9  8  75
Male engineers = 480x × 0.66 = 320x = 500
Women who are Engineers = 160x
Q.10. The cost of packaging of the oranges is 20% the cost of
Women who are not Engineers = 400x – 160x = 240x
fresh oranges themselves. The cost of oranges increased
240
Required percentage = 100 = 60% by 30% but the cost of packaging decreased by 50%,
400 then the percentage change of the cost of packed
Q.7. Initially, Suresh has Rs.200 in his paytm wallet then he oranges, if the cost of packed oranges is equal to the
increased it by 20%. Once again he increased his sum of the cost of fresh oranges and cost of packaging
amount by 25%. The final value of money in his wallet (A) 14.5% (B) 16.66%
will be how much % greater than the initial amount?
(C) 14.33% (D) 13.66%
(A) 40% (B) 50%
Solution:(B)
(C) 80% (D) 60%
Let initial Cost of fresh, oranges = 100.
Solution:(B) Packaging cost = 20.
200 + 20% of 200 = 240 Initial total cost = 100 + 20 = 120
240 + 25% of 240 = 300 After increasing in cost of fresh mangoes 30%,
 300  200  100 Cost of fresh mangoes = 130
Required percentage = = 50% And cost of packing go down by 50 %
200
So, Cost of packing = 10.
Q.8. Mr. Ramesh gives 10% of some amount to his wife and Total cost = 130 + 10 = 140.
10% of the remaining to hospital expenses and again Increased cost = 140 - 120 = 20.
10% of the remaining amount to charity. Then he has 20 100
only Rs.7290 with him. What is the initial sum of % increased = = 16.66%.
money with that person? 120
Q.11. Cost Price of two laptops is same. One of the laptops is
(A) Rs.8000 (B) Rs.9000
sold at a profit of 15% and the Selling Price of another
(C) Rs.10000 (D) Rs.20000 one laptop is Rs.3400 more than the first one. The net
Solution:(C) profit is 20%. What is the Cost Price of Each laptop?
A.36000 B.40000
Remaining amount = x × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9 C.48000 D.34000
0.729x = 7290
Solution:(D)
x = 10000
(2x*1.15) + 3400 = 2x*1.20
Q.9. Initially, a shopkeeper had "x" pens. A customer bought 2.4x – 2.3x = 3400
10% of pens from "x" then another customer bought x = 34000
20% of the remaining pens after that one more customer Q.12. In an office there are 40% female employees. 50% of
purchased 25% of the remaining pens. Finally, the male employees are UG graduates. The total 52% of
shopkeeper is left with 270 pens in his shop. How many employees are UG graduates out of 1800 employees.
pens were there initially in his shop? What is the number of female employees who are UG
(A) 200 (B) 800 graduates?
(A) 362 (B) 412
(C) 400 (D) 500 (C) 396 (D) 428
Solution:(D) Solution:(C)
Total employees = 1800
Female employees = 40%
Male employees = 60%

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 STUDY NOTES FOR SSC AND OTHER EXAM
50% of male employees = UG graduates = 30% Q.14. Ankita is 25 years old. If
Female employees who are UG graduates = 22% Rahul’s age is 25% greater than that of Ankita then how
22% of 1800 = 396 much percent Ankita’s age is less than Rahul’s age?
Q.13. Ravi got 70% in English and 56% in Biology and the (A) 40% (B) 35%
maximum marks of both papers is 100. What percent (C) 10% (D) 20%
does he score in Maths, if he scores 60% marks in all the Solution:(D)
three subjects? Maximum Marks of Maths paper is 200. 25
(A) 30% (B) 40% Percentage decrease = 100 = 20%
125
(C) 45% (D) 57% Q.15. Mr. Ravi’s salary was reduced by 25% for three months.
Solution:(D) But after the three months, his salary was increased to
70 + 56 + x = 60% of all three subjects the original salary. What is the percentage increase in
70 + 56 + x = 60% of 400 salary of Mr.Ravi?
x = 240 – 126 = 114 (A) 33.33% (B) 42.85%
114 (C) 28.56% (D) 16.66%
%= 100 = 57%
200 Solution: (A)
25
Percentage increase = 100 = 33.33%
75

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