UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE COAHUILA

ESCUELA DE ARTES PLASTICAS PROFESOR RUBÉN HERRERA

English I

Partial work # 1: Written exhibition

Halloween

*Concept

*Origin

*Simbol

*Food

* Celebration in the current era

*The leyenda of Jack O´Lantern

*Curiosities

Semester: 1

Team #1

Teacher: Luz Gabriela Ramos.

Saltillo, Coahuila, México.

14 September of 2018
¿WHAT IS IT?:

Halloween, is a popular celebration of the traditional cult of the

dead of the Anglo-Saxon countries. The word Halloween, as such
was used from the sixteenth century, comes from the English
expression All Hallow's Eve, which means "Eve of All Saints / Spirits."

The Halloween party is celebrated on the night of October 31, the

eve of All Saints' Day, a religious holiday in some countries.
Halloween has its origin in Ireland, in the rites of the Celts of the
end of the harvest season. From there he went to the United
Kingdom, from Europe the celebration moved. It was in 1840 when
this festival arrives in the United States and Canada, where it is
strongly rooted. It was the Irish immigrants who spread this custom
in both countries. After arriving in the United States, it has become
popular in Latin America.

ORIGIN OF HALLOWEEN:

The Halloween party is of Celtic origin, who formerly celebrated a

festival known as Samhain, which we can translate into Spanish as
'end of summer', and which marked the end of the harvest season
and the Celtic New Year. The Samhain Festival was celebrated
every year at the end of October, coinciding with the autumn
equinox. It was said that during this night the spirits (both good and
bad) returned to visit the living, which is why a set of rituals was
created around this belief. From there, for example, the use of
candles, which help the spirits to find the way, or of disguises, that
allow to protect themselves from the evil spirits. Celebrations and
sacred rites were held that included communication with the
dead. Druid priests went from house to house demanding all kinds
of strange foods for their own consumption and to offer it then at
the festival of death. If people refused their demands they spoke
a demonic curse on the home, and the story goes that someone
from that family died during the year.
When the Roman occupation of the Celtic domains took place,
the holiday was assimilated by them. Although the last days of
October and the first days of November were already celebrated
as a "harvest festival", in honor of Pomona (goddess of fruit trees),
both traditions were mixed.

In a time when pagan festivities predominated, as a method of

evangelization Gregory III (731-741) and Gregory IV (827-844) tried
to mix it and later supplant it for a Catholic holiday (All Saints' Day)
that was moved May to November 1st.

SIMBOLS OF THE HALLOWEEN:

On Halloween, many symbols with different meanings are used.

The main ones are pumpkins of evil expression with a fire inside:
They used to place a lit candle inside a pumpkin inspired by the
popular legend of "Jack the stingy", who managed to deceive the
devil. The first parade took place in Minnesota in 1921. In the
seventies television and especially the movies popularized
pumpkins at the party. The day is often associated with the colors
orange, black and purple.

Witches, black cats, ghosts, skulls and costumes are essential on

the occasion. In addition, it tends to a tenebrous decoration to
create a mysterious atmosphere, with candles, spider webs, bats,
owls and scarecrows. The main reason why these characteristic
terror symbols are used is for protection: to repel the evil spirits that
during these dates are believed to visit the world of the living,
where the family ancestors were invited and honored while the
harmful spirits They were far away. It is believed that the use of
costumes and masks is due to the need to scare away evil spirits.
Its purpose was to adopt the appearance of an evil spirit to avoid
being damaged
TYPICAL FOOD OF THE OCCASION:

Spain: They are very typical some desserts that we can find
different places of the Spanish geography. For example, the
buñuelos of wind, the panellets, the bones of saint, the fried milk,
the pestiños, the sweet of quince or, of course, the chestnuts are
very habitual. In fact, in the north of the country, especially in
Catalonia, the festival of La Castañada is celebrated, where this
product is the main protagonist.

Ireland: In Ireland we find the true origin of the Halloween party.

The Irish immigrants transmitted this celebration to the North
American countries and from there, it has been extended to the
rest of the world. Therefore, we pay special attention to the
Halloween cuisine in this place. The most famous dish that the Irish
take on this day is the Colcannon, a dish based on cabbage,
mashed potatoes, leeks, milk, butter, salt and pepper. This recipe
is very typical for them at family gatherings, such as St. Patrick's
Day. In addition, boxty is also very common, an Irish potato pie.
The sweet touch is provided by the soul cakes, traditional cookies
that were used to represent the souls that came out of purgatory.

USA: In the United States, Halloween gastronomy is not conceived

without pumpkins and dishes made with this product. The cake,
sponge cake or pumpkin flan are a safe dish in any American
area. Also the apples have their protagonism, since Halloween
coincides with the end of the harvest of this fruit. By making apple-
based dishes, you can make the most of this product. One of the
most typical is caramelized apples. However, in the United States
it is also very typical to prepare dishes with Halloween theme

Mexico: Mexico is one of the places in the world where in addition

to celebrating Halloween, the next day the great celebration of
the Day of the Dead is appreciated, so both days are shown
meals alluding to these. The veneration is the dead is tremendous
and the celebration, very intense. Therefore, in addition to
costumes and ornaments of all types, one of the customs of
Halloween cuisine is eating different apple desserts, preserves and
the next day: pan de muerto. It is a typical bun simulated by its
shapes and sweet decorations, a skull. Other culinary adornments
can be added depending on the taste of each one and the area
where we find it.

HALLOWEEN IN THE 21 CENTURY:

The festival became popular around the world, where thousands

of children and young people celebrated with emotion. The little
ones go out to ask for sweets disguised as ghosts and superheroes
and the adults venture into eccentric parties in which to go
disguised is an obligation.

The typical Halloween activities are the famous trick or treat where
an exchange of sweets takes place. It is a Halloween activity in
which children walk around the houses of their neighborhood in
disguise, asking for sweets with the phrase "sweet or trick ?, Sweet
or mischief, trick or treat? or does my calaverita give me? " The
trick is a threat of joke to the owners of the house in the case that
no candy is provided. Alluding to the old belief among young
people to go through houses asking for food in suffrage of souls

And the costume parties, in addition to the bonfires, the visit of

haunted houses, the jokes, the reading of scary stories and the
viewing of horror movies.

In some countries of Latin America it is customary to go out at

night with the smallest children in disguise to ask for sweets and to
sing. The elderly usually go to night parties after taking the little
ones to ask for sweets. Also for children there are parties, although
during the day

THE LEYEND OF JACK O’LANTERN:

The pumpkin illuminated from within with a candle is the most

recognizable symbol of Halloween.

There is an old Irish folk tale that speaks of Jack, a stingy,

quarrelsome Irishman with a reputation as a drunkard. The devil,
to whom came the rumor of such a black soul, went to see if it was
indeed a rival of such caliber. Disguised as a normal man, he went
to his town and drank with him for long hours, revealing his identity
after seeing that Jack was indeed a villain. When Lucifer told him
that he was coming to take him away to make him pay for his sins,
Jack asked him to drink together one more round, as a last will.
The devil granted it, but when going to pay neither of them had
money, so Jack challenged Lucifer to become a coin to prove his
powers. Satan did it, but instead of paying with the coin, Jack put
it in his pocket, where he was carrying a silver crucifix. Unable to
get out of there, the devil ordered the farmer to leave him free,
but Jack replied that he would not do it unless he promised to
return to hell so as not to disturb him for a year.

After that time, the devil appeared again at Jack's house to take
him to the underworld, but again Jack requested a last wish, in this
case, that the master of darkness took an apple located at the
top of a tree to have one last meal before his eternal torment.
Lucifer agreed, but when he was climbing on the tree, Jack
carved a cross on his trunk so he could not escape. On this
occasion he asked not to be disturbed in ten years, in addition to
another condition: that the devil could never reclaim his soul for
the underworld. Satan agreed and Jack was free of his threat.
His fate was not better: after dying (long before those ten years
agreed), Jack was ready to go to heaven, but was stopped at
the gates of San Pedro, prevented the step because they could
not accept him for his bad life passed, being sent to hell.
Unfortunately they could not accept him because of the deal he
had made with the devil, who in turn expelled him from his
kingdom and, spiteful, he threw Jack a burning embers, which the
farmer caught with a hollow turnip, while mockingly thanked the
improvised flashlight he got. Condemned to wander the roads, he
walked with no more light than the aforementioned lantern in his
eternal wanderings between the realms of good and evil. With the
passage of time Jack the Tacaño was known as Jack the one of
the Lantern or "Jack of the Lantern", name that was abbreviated
to the definitive one "Jack O'Lantern". This is the reason to use
turnips (and later pumpkins, to imitate with their color the glow of
the infernal embers and for being easier to carve than the turnips)
to light the way to the deceased ones in Halloween, and also the
reason of decorate the houses with these horrendous figures (to
prevent Jack from knocking on the door of the houses and
proposing candy or mischief)

CURIOSITIES:

* The reason why witches or sorceresses are included in the theme

of this festival despite not being specifically entities or monsters,
and that Halloween is called "night of witches", is because: the
Samhain (celtic celebration of which comes Halloween) comes
from the paganism between Druids and Wiccans (the so-called
witches) where they performed rites according to the beginning
of the new year.

* The change of Halloween lanterns made of turnips (described in

the legend of Jack O'Lantern), to the well-known pumpkin
lanterns is not only due to aesthetics: In Ireland, turnips were used
for being the vegetable that was most, for Therefore, when the
Irish emigration to the United States occurred, they found the
shortage of this vegetable, on the contrary: the overgrowth of
pumpkins was found, so due to this small technical failure, the
vegetable was supplanted.

* In Germany and around the night of witches does not happen

on October 31 as in the rest of the world. The date is given from
the night of April 30 to the early morning of May 1, curiously it is
known that on the night of Walpurgis in 1776, Adam Weishaput
founded in the Bavarian forests the sect of the Illuminati.

* There is a Halloween phobia which is called Samhainophobia

* Formerly in the trick or treatment you had to dance to receive

your candy.