ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS

PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)

SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#1)
i. Which of the following is not a base quantity? a) Length b) Solid angle c) time d) Electric current
3
ii. How many significant figures is in 0.40 x 10 N: a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) None of these
2 2 2 2
iii. 1.12 cm x 3.2 cm is equal to (correct upto appropriate significant figures): a) 3.584 cm b) 3.58 cm c) 3.5 cm d) 3.6 cm
iv. Light year is a unit of: a) time b) length c) area d) None of these
o 1 -3 1 1 -2 1 -1 -2 1 -1 2
v. Pressure has dimensions: a) M L T b) MLT c) M L T d) M L T
2
vi. A = πr , radius of a cylinder is measured by simple meter as 1.6 cm. Least count of meter is
0.1 cm. The percentage error in area is: a) 6% b) 12% c) 18% d) 16%

Q. NO. 2: SHORT QUESTIONS. (5X2=10)

i. Give the drawbacks to use the period of a pendulum as a time standard.
ii. Why do we find it useful to have two units for the amount of substance, the kilogram and the mole?
iii. The period of simple pendulum is measured by a stop watch. What types of errors are possible in the time period?
iv. How many seconds are in month February of year 2016?
v. Write the dimension of (i) Pressure (ii) Density
vi. Differentiate between Radian and Steradian

Q. No. 3:
l
1) Find the value of g and its uncertainty using T = 2 from the following measurements made during an
g
experiment.
Length of simple pendulum l = 100 cm. Time for 20 vibrations = 40.2 s.
Length was measured by a metre scale of accuracy upto 1 mm and time by stop watch of accuracy upto 0.1 s.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#2)
i) The angle between two forces of equal magnitude when the magnitude of their resultant is also equal to the magnitude of either one
of these forces is (a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 120°
ii) The magnitude of torque is given as   r ( F sin  ) . Which expression mentioned below represents moment arm
(a)r (b) F sin  (c) r sin  (d)none
 
iii) If A B  0 then angle between the vectors is (a) 0o (b) 90o (c) 180o (d) may be ‘a’ may be ‘b’ are corrected
 
iv) The angle between A  2iˆ  4 ˆj and B  6iˆ  3 j
(a) 00 (b)600 (c)900 (d)1800
v) Rectangular components of a vector are equal. Its angle with horizontal is (a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900
vi) The result of i.( j  k )  k.(i  j ) is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these

vii) Displacement AB between point A(2,3.4) and B(-5,-6,-7)

(a)  7iˆ  9 ˆj  11kˆ ˆ
(b) 67 (c)  3iˆ  3 ˆj  3k (d)  7iˆ  3 ˆj  3kˆ
viii) Second condition of equilibrium controls
(a) translational equilibrium (b)static equilibrium (c)rotational equilibrium (d) none

ix) A  Aˆ is equal to (a) A (b) zero (c) A
2
(d) null vector
x) The vector which describes the position of a point w.r.t a fixed origin is (a) Null vector (b) unit vector (c) position vector (d) none
xi) The resultant of two forces of magnitude 7N and 3N is 4N. The angle between the forces is
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 90° (d) 180°

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5X 2 = 10)

i) Under what circumstances would a vector have components that are equal in magnitude?

ii) If what can you say about the components of the two vectors?

iii) Can a vector have a component greater than the vector’s magnitude?

iv) If all the components of the vectors, were reversed, how would this alter

v) Can a body rotate about its centre of gravity under the action of its weight?

vi) Find position vector in direction of vector

vii) A force drives a body from a point to . Find work done.

viii) A force acts on a point in a body. Find torque w.r.t origin.

ix) Can a body rotate about its center of gravity under the action of its weight?
x) Can you add scalar to a vector quantity?
xi) Define torque and write its units. xii) State 1st and 2nd condition of equilibrium.

xiii) Find the unit vector in the direction of A  4iˆ  3 ˆj

LONG QUESTION 5
Define and explain the scalar product of two vectors. Discuss in detail the characteristics of dot product of two vectors.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#3)
i The slope of the velocity time graph for retarded motion is a) zero b) positive c) negative d) neutral
ii A body freely falling from rest its covered distance in 3 rd second will be
5g 3g 2g
a) 1/2g b) c) d)
2 2 2
iii Two bodies are moving in opposite direction with velocity V, what is relative velocity between them
a) 2V b) 2V c) V d) zero
iv The velocity of projectile at its maximum height is… a) upward b) downward c) zero d) horizontal
v A book of mass 5kg is placed on the table, what is magnitude of force acting on the book?
a) 49N b) 5N c) 14.5N d) none
vi Motorcycle safety helmet extends time of collision hence decreasing the…….
a) chance of collision b) speed c) velocity d) impulse
vii A highest point momentum of projectile will be a) zero b) maximum c) minimum d) none of these
viii The rate of change in momentum of a body falling freely is equal to its….
a) K.E. b) momentum c) power d) weight
ix A body is projected horizontally from a height of 5m. It reaches the ground at a horizontal distance of 10m. The speed of particle
2 1 1 1 1
when it reaches the ground is ….. (take g= 10 ms ) a) 10ms b) 10 2 ms c) 20ms d) 20 2 ms
x A body of mass 50g is projected down from the top of a building it hit with ground after 2sec the height of the building will be
2
(g=10m/s ) a) 10m b) 20cm c) 20m d) 40m
0 1
xi A particle is projected at angle of 45 with velocity of 9.8ms . The horizontal range will be
9.8
a) m b) 9.8 2m c) 9.8m d) 4.9m
2
Q: 2 Give short answers to the following questions. (5x 2 = 10)

i. Explain the circumstances in which the velocity v and acceleration a of a car are
a) anti parallel b) Perpendicular to one another
ii. Motion with constant velocity is a special case of motion with constant acceleration. Is this statement true? discuss.
iii. Find the change in momentum for an object subjected to a given force for a given time and state law of motion in terms of
momentum?
iv. Define impulse and show that how it is related to linear momentum?
v. Explain the difference between elastic and inelastic collisions. Explain how would a bouncing ball behave in each case? Give
plausible reasons for the fact that K.E is not conserved in most cases?
vi. At what point or points in its path does a projectile have its minimum speed, its maximum speed?
vii. Derive relation between height of projectile and range of projectile.
viii. Draw a graph of i) –ve acceleration ii) increasing acceleration.

Q:3
a) What is projectile motion? Derive expression of velocity of projected body at any point when it is thrown at some angle  with horizontal.

b) What is elastic collision, prove that speed of approaching is equal to speed of separation for elastic collision in one dimension.

0
c) A foot ball is thrown with an angle of 30 with respect to the horizontal to throw a 40m pass what must be the initial speed of the ball?
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#5)

i Two cylinders of same mass but different diameter have

a) same moment of inertia b) moment of inertia is larger for larger diameter
c) moment of inertia is smaller for larger diameter d) depends upon angular velocity
ii The angle subtended at the centre by the circumference of the circle is
 
a)  rad b) c) 2  rad d) rad
2 4
iii A body of mass 8kg moves along a circle of radius of 4m with constant speed of 8m/s. The centripetal force on a body is
a) 48N b) 8N c) 128N d) 72N
iv Minimum number of communication satellites required to coveer the whole earth is
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 5
v Angular momentum is measured by a) rp sin  b) rp cos  c) rf d) mvr
vi The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal to its radius is
a) one degree b) one rotation c) half rotation d) one radian
a)    t b)     / t c)     / t d)    t / 
2
vii Average angular velocity is defined by the relation
viii The rate of change of angular velocity is called
a) angular displacement b) angular acceleration c) average acceleration d) average angular velocity
ix The unit of angular velocity in system international SI is a) radian / sec b) meter / sec c) degree / sec d) revolution / sec
x Centripetal force performs a) maximum work b) negative work c) minimum work d) no work
2 1 2 2
xi The dimensions of moment of inertia a) ML b) ML c) ML d) M L

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)

i. Explain the difference between tangential velocity and the angular velocity. If one of these is given for a wheel of known radius,
how will you find the other.
ii. Explain what is meant by centripetal force and what is must be furnished to an object if the object is to follow a circular path?
iii. What is meant by moment of inertia? Explain its significance?
iv. Describe what should be the minimum velocity, for a satellite, to orbit close to the earth around?
v. Explain why an object, orbiting the earth, is said to be freely falling. Use your explanation to point out why object appear
weightless under certain circumstances.
vi. When mud flies off the tyre of a moving bicycle, in what direction does it fly? Explain.
vii. A disc and a hoop start moving down from the top of an inclined plane at the same time. Which one will be moving faster on
reaching the bottom?
viii. Why does a diver change his body positions before and after diving in the pool?

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) Define Centripetal force and derive expression for it.

b) What you mean by geostationary orbits, derive its expression.
c) A gramophone record turntable accelerates from rest to an angular velocity of 45.0 rev/min in 1.60s. what is its average angular
acceleration?
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#6)

i Which drop will get maximum terminal velocity? a) water b) honey c) glycerin d) petrol
ii A 2 m tall cylinder, full of water, has four identical holes at heights 1.8m, 1.2m, 0.6m and 0.3m from the ground. The speed of efflux
is maximum from a) 1.2 m high hole b) 1.8m high hole c) 0.6m high hole d) 0.3m high hole
iii A liquid droplet of radius ‘r’ having density ‘  ’ moves through fluid of viscosity  . Its maximum velocity will be

4 gr 3  2 gr 2  9 gr 2  2g
a) b) c) d)
9 9 2 9
iv A two meter high tank is full of water. A hole appears at its middle. The speed of efflux be
1 1 1 1
a) 3.75ms b) 4.9ms c) 4.42ms d) 5.11ms
v The maximum drag force on a falling sphere is 9.8N. its real weight is a) 1N b) 9.8N c) 4.9N d) 0.0N
2 1 1 3 1 3 2
vi The SI. Units of flow rate is a) m s b) ms c) m s d) m s
vii A steel ball of radius 2 mm acquires a terminal velocity 20 mm/s in a liquid. The terminal velocity of another steel ball of radius
1mm in the same liquid will be
a) 5mm/s b) 10mm/s c) 40mm/s d) 80mm/s
viii Water is flowing through a tube of radius r with a speed v, if this tube is joined to another tube of radius r/2. What is the speed of
v v
water in second tube? a) b) c) 2v d) 4v
4 2
1
ix The drag force on a small sphere moving with a speed ‘v’ is proportional to a) v b) v c) d) v2
v
x Two fog droplets have radius of 2:3 their terminal velocities are a) 4:9 b) 4:6 c) 2:9 d) 4:3
1
xi Which one is the venturi relation a) P1  P2  v22 b) V2  2 g (h1  h2 ) c) A1v1  A2 v2 d) none of these
2
Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)
i. What are two main principles of fluid dynamics.
ii. Why the clouds appear to float in air?
iii. Explain what do you understand by the term viscosity?
iv. Why fog droplets appear to be suspended in air?
v. Explain the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow?
vi. Two row boats moving parallel in the same direction are pulled towards each other. Explain?
vii. Explain, how the swing is produced in a fast moving cricket ball?
viii. Explain the work done of a carburetor of a motor car using Bernoulli’s principle.

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) What is terminal velocity derive its expression also discuss Torricelli’s theorem.
b) What is equation of Continuity, derive its expression.
c) A water house with an internal diameter of 20mm at the outlet discharges 03kg of water in 60s. calculate the water speed at the
3
outlet. Assume the density of water is 1000kgm and its flow is steady.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#7)

1
i For a vibrating mass-spring system if m/K=4Kg mN then the freq. is
a) 1/  Hz b) 1/4  Hz c) 2  Hz d) 1/2  Hz
ii At what place second pendulum will be fast a) equator b) pole c) surface of moon d) foolish question
iii Two springs A and B such that K A  3K B are stretched by the same suspended weight then ratio of extension produced in A to
that of B is a) 1:2 b) 1:3 c) 1:4 d) 2:1
iv If a body is performing SHM then ratio between its P.E. to total energy at extreme point will be
a) 1:2 b) 2:1 c) 1:3 d) 1:1
v IF a vibrating simple pendulum is taken from the pole to the equator then it will
a) gain time b) lose time c) both a & b d) keep its time constant
vi Two springs each has spring constant K are connected in parallel then total spring constant will be
a) K b) 2K c) K/2 d) K/4
vii In SHM the momentum of a body at mean position will be a) minimum b) maximum c) zero d) no change
viii The phase at which displacement becomes 3 /2 times of its maximum value for a body executing SHM
a)  /6 b)  /4 c)  /3 d)  /2
ix If the spinning motion of earth become slow then time period of a simple pendulum on surface of earth
a) increases b) decreases c) remain constant d) none of these
x If the damping force increase then sharpness of resonance
a) increases b) decreases c) remains constant d) may increase may be decrease
xi If mass of a body(in a spring mass system executing SHM) become four time then frequency of spring mass system become
a) 2 time b) 4 time c) half d) 1/4 time

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5X 2 = 10)

i. Name two characteristics of simple harmonic motion.
ii. Does frequency depends on amplitude for harmonic oscillators?
iii. Can we realize an ideal simple pendulum?
iv. What is the total distance traveled by an object moving with SHM in a time equal to its period, if its amplitude is A?
v. What happens to the period of a simple pendulum if its length is doubled? What happens if the suspended mass is doubled?
vi. Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic oscillator remain constant during its motion? Is the acceleration ever zero? Explain.
vii. What is meant by phase angle? Does it define angle between maximum displacement and the driving force?
viii. Show that in SHM the acceleration is zero when the velocity is greatest and the velocity is zero when the acceleration is greatest?

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) Derive expression for energy conservation in SHM.

b) What is simple pendulum. Derive an expression for its time period?
2
c) What should be the length of a simple pendulum whose period is 2.0 sec at a place where g=9.8ms what is the frequency of
such a pendulum.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#8)

i. The distance between a node and the next anti node is:
a. 4 b. 2
c. d.

ii. If a string of length l vibrates in n loops, the wavelength of stationary wave produced will be:

2l nl 2n l
a. b. c. d.
n 2 l 2n
iii. If the speed of sound in air at a given pressure is V, then by increasing the pressure to double, the new speed becomes:

a. 0.5V b. V c. 2V d. 4V

iv. Two waves can interfere only if they have:

a. Phase coherence b. Same velocity

c. Different frequencies d. Different wavelengths
v. The point of maximum displacement on a stationary wave is called:

a. Antinode b. Node c. Trough d. Crest

vi. The velocity of sound in vacuum is:

a. 332mS-1 b. 333 mS-1 c. 28 mS-1 d. Zero

vii. The wave length of the fundamental mode of vibration of a close pipe of length l is:

a. l /2 b. l c. 2l d. 4l
viii. Star moving away from the earth shows:

a. Red shift b. Blue shift c. Dopple’s shift d. Frequency shift

ix. The increase in speed of sound for 10C rise in temperature is:

a. 61mS-1 b. 6.1 mS-1 c. 0.61mS-1 d. 332.61mS-1

x. The speed of sound has maximum value in:

a. Oxygen b. Air c. Hydrogen d. Helium

xi. The frequency of waves in both end open pipe of length, l is ‘f’ it dip half in water then frequency become
a) f b) 2f c) f/2 d) f/4
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
(Chp#8)
Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)

1. What features do longitudinal waves have in common with traverse waves?

2. Is it possible for two identical waves traveling in the same direction along a string to give rise to a stationary wave?
3. A wave is produced along a stretched string but some of its particles permanently show zero displacement. What type of
wave is it?
4. Explain the terms crest, trough, node and antipode.
5. Why does sound travel faster in solids than in gasses?
6. How are beats useful in tuning musical instruments?
7. As a result of a distant explosion, an observer senses a ground tremor and then hears the explosion. Explain the time
difference.
8. Explain why sound travels faster in warm air than in cold air.

Q.No3 a) State and explain temperature effect on speed of sound in air? 5+5+3=13
b) What is Doppler effect. Explain it in following cases.
i) Source moves away from stationary listener
ii) Listener moves towards stationary source.
c) An organ pipe has length of 50cm. Find the frequency of its fundamental note and the next harmonic when it is
i) Open at both ends
ii) closed at one end.

ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS

PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#4)
i. The work done by a force of 10N applied parallel to direction of motion upto 20m is a)10J b)20J c)200J d)none
-1 2 -3 2 -2 3 -3
ii. The dimension of Power is a)[MLT ] b)[ML T ] c)[ML T ] d)[ML T ]
iii. The energy stored in the spring of a watch is a)K.E b) P.E c) Elastic P.E d) none
iv. Power is also defined as the dot product of a)F.m b) F.v c) F.d d) F.t
2 2
v. The expression for the escape velocity V is a)2gR b) 2gR c) 2g/R d) none

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)

i. A girl drops a cup from a certain height which breaks into pieces. What energy changes are involved?
ii. A boy uses a catapult, to through a stone which accidently smashes a greenhouse window. List the possible energy changes.
iii. An object of 1J of Potential energy. Explain what does it mean?
iv. Ten bricks, each 6.0cm thick and mass 1.5kg, lie flat on a table. How much work is required to stack them on the top of another?
vii. Derive dimensions of P.E per unit volume.
viii. In which case is more work done? When a 50 kg bag of books is lifted through 50 cm, or when
a 50 kg crate is pushed through 2m across the floor with a force of 50 N?
ix. When a rocket re-enters the atmosphere, its nose cone becomes very hot. Where does this heat energy come from?
x. Write a note on energy from Bio mass.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#9)

i The ratio of velocities of light of wavelength 3000A* and 6000A* in vacuum is

a) 1:2 b) 2:1 c) 1:1 d) 1:4
ii Fringe spacing in Young’s double slit experiment increase due to increase in
a) slit separation b) wavelength c) order of fringe d) frequency of source
iii Which of the following is conserved when light waves interfere?
a) intensity b) energy c) amplitude d) momentum
iv Which one of the following properties of light does not change with the nature of the medium?
a) velocity b) wavelength c) amplitude d) frequency
v In Bragg’s relation, 2d sin   m the angle  is called
a) angle of incidence b) angle of reflection c) glancing angle d) angle of refraction
vi Blue colour of the sky is due to the phenomenon of
a) scattering b) dispersion c) deviation d) refraction
vii If light of shorter wavelength is used in Young’s double slit experiment, then width of fringe will
a) decrease b) increase c) may be increase or decrease d) no change
viii The property which enable waves to bend around the edges of an opening or obstacle in its path, is called
a) dispersion b) diffraction c) superposition d) interference
ix Which of the following can not produce colours with white light?
a) diffraction b) interference c) polarization d) dispersion
x What will be the colour of the sky as seen from the earth if there were no atmosphere.
a) black b) blue c) orange d) red
xi Which of the following phenomenon produces colours in soap bubbles?
a) interference b) polarization c) diffraction d) dispersion

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5X 2 = 10)

i. Why the center of the Newton’s rings is dark?
ii. Under what conditions, the two sources of light behave as coherent sources?
iii. How is the distance between interference fringes affected by the separation between the slits of Young’s experiment? Can fringes
disappear?
iv. Can the visible light produce interference fringes? Explain.
v. In young’s experiment, one of the slit is covered with the blue filter and other with red filter. What would be the pattern of light
intensity on the screen?
vi. Explain whether Young’s experiment is an experiment for studying interference or diffraction effects of light.
vii. In white light spectrum obtained with diffraction grating, the third order image of wave length coincides with the fourth order
image of second wave length. Calculate the ratio of the two wave lengths?
viii. How would you distinguish between unpolarized and plane polarized light?

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) a) State and explain diffraction produced by diffraction grating.

b) What is Young double experiment for the distance between two consecutive minima by young double slit experiment.

c) Yellow sodium light of wavelength 589nm emitted by a single source passes through two narrow slits 1.00mm apart the
interference pattern is observed on a screen 225cm away. How far apart are two adjacent bright fringes?
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#10)

i The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope is 10. If the focal length of objective is 100cm. What is focal length of eyepiece?
a) 10cm b) 100cm c) 1000 cm d) 5cm
ii Monochromatic light passes from denser medium to rare medium, then its
a) Wavelength decreases b) frequency decreases c) velocity decreases d) velocity increases
iii The least distance of distinct vision is 25cm. The focal length of a convex lens is 5cm. It can act as a simple microscope of
magnifying power. a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 8
iv The image formed by eyepiece of compound microscope
a) real and magnified b) real and diminished
c) virtual and enlarge d) virtual and diminished
v Which of the following does not change when light goes from one medium to another?
a) frequency b) wavelength c) speed d) intensity
vi Critical angle is that angle of incidence in denser medium for which angle of refraction in rare
0 0 0 0
Medium is a) 45 b) 90 c) 0 d) 180
vii If a convex lens of focal length ‘f’ is cut into two halves (identical) along the lens diameter, the focal length of each half is
a) f b) f/2 c) 2f d) 3f/2
viii A convex lens of focal length f1 and a concave lens of focal length f 2 are placed in contact, then focal length of the combination is
f1 f 2 f1 f 2
a) f 2  f1 b) f 2  f1 c) d)
f 2  f1 f 2  f1
ix For normal adjustment, length of telescope is
f0 fe
a) f0  fe b) f0  fe c) d)
fe f0
x In optical fiber typically repeaters are placed at distance
a) 20km b) 30km c) 30m d) 100m
xi By using a graded index fibre the time difference is reduced to about
a) 1 m s/ km b) 33 n s/km c) 1 p s /m d) 1  s/m
Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)
i. What is Snell’s law?
ii. What is meant by critical angle? Calculate the critical angle of glass?
iii. What is meant by power of a lens define its unit?
iv. Why would it be advantageous to use blue light with a compound microscope?
v. One can buy a cheap microscope for use by the children. The images seen in such a microscope have coloured edges. Why is this
so?
vi. Describe with help of diagrams, how a) a single biconvex lens can be used as a magnifying glass. b) biconvex lenses can be arranged
to form a microscope.
vii. If a person were looking through a telescope at the full moon, how would the appearance of the moon be changed by covering half
of the objective lens.
viii. How the power is lost in optical fibre through dispersion? Explain?

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) What is compound microscope, derive expression for its magnification.

b) State and explain fibre optics principles in detail.
c) An astronomical telescope having magnifying power of 5 consist of two then lenses 24cm apart. Find the focal lengths of the
lenses.
 ALGORITMI ACADEMY OF MATHEMATICS
PROF. MUHAMMAD USMAN HAMID (0323-6032785)
SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER. (Chp#11)

i The root mean square speed of the molecules of an ideal gas in a sealed container is v. The gas is heated until the pressure in the
container is made 4 times. The new r.m.s speed is now a) 4v b) 2v c) 2 2 v d) v
ii A system absorbs 80J through heating while doing 100J of external work. What is the change in the internal energy of the system?
a) -100J b) -20J c) +80J d) +180J
iii When a car is driven through some distance the pressure of a gas in car tyre increases due to
a) increase in volume of tyre b) decrease in volume of trye c) increase in average translational K.E. of gas molecules d) b & c
iv When ice changes into water
a) entropy increase b) entropy remains constant because it is an isothermal process
c) entropy decrease d) entropy remains constant because it is reversible process
v Which one of the following has greater slope in P-V curve
a) isothermal expansion b) adiabatic expansion c) isobaric expansion d) both a & b have same slope
vi Is concerned with the circumstance in which heat can be converted into work and direction of heat flow
a) 1st law of thermodynamics b) 2nd law of thermodynamics
c) 3rd law of thermodynamics d) both a & b
vii When a system is taken through a carnot cycle it absorbs 100J of heat at temperature T and rejects 25J heat at triple point of
water, then unknown temperature T in Kelvin will be
a) 546.32 b) 1092.64 c) 819.48 d) none of these
viii During an adiabatic compression on 5 moles of a gas, 250J of work was done. The change in internal energy will be
a) 50J b) -150J c) 250J d) -250J
ix Entropy of the universe always a) decreases b) increases c) remains conserve d) first increases then decreases
x Choose incorrect statement about triple point of water
a) it is temperature at which solid ice, liquid water and water vapours coexist in equilibrium
b) it occurs uniquely at one atmospheric pressure
c) 273.16K is the absolute temperature of triple point of water d) none of these
0 0
xi The turbine in a system power plant takes steam from a boiler at 527 C and exhaust into a low temperature reservoir at 327 C .
The maximum possible efficiency would be a) 50% b) 75% c) 25% d) 38%

Q: 2 GIVE SHORT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. (5 X 2 = 10)

i. A system undergoes from state P 1V1 to state P 2 V2 so that temperature remains constant. What will be the change in internal
energy?
ii. Specific heat of gas at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume. Why?
iii. Give an example of a process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system but the temperature of the system changes.
iv. Is it possible to convert internal energy into mechanical energy? Explain with an example.
v. Is it possible to construct a heat engine that not expels heat into the atmosphere?
vi. A thermos flask containing milk as a system is shaken rapidly. Does the temperature of milk rise?
vii. What happen to the temperature of the room, when an air conditioner is left running on a table in the middle of the room?
viii. Can the mechanical energy be converted completely into heat energy? If so give an example.

SECTION II 5+5+3=13

Q.No3 a) What is carnot engine. State and explain it in detail.

b) What is molar specific heat of gas, define Cp and Cv and show that C p  Cv  R
0
c) 336J of energy is required to melt 1g of ice at 0 C . What is the change in entropy of 30g of water at 0 0 C as it is changed to ice
0
at 0 C by a refrigerator?