STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

has a definite has a definite has a definite
mass mass mass
has a definite has a definite no definite
volume volume volume
does not flow flows flows easily
hard to compress hard to compress easy to compress
has a definite no definite shape no definite shape
shape

Particles in the three states of matter

1. SOLID
In Solids, strong forces hold the particles tightly.
Particles vibrate to and fro about one position.
2. Liquid
In liquids, the forces hold the particles together tightly
but weaker than solids. The particles in a liquid slide
over each other.
3. Gases
In Gases, the forces of attraction are very small and the
particles can move away from each other and travel in
any directions.
Processes
1. Melting
When a solid turns into liquid, the change is called
Melting. The particle theory explanation of Melting
process is. When solid is heated, the heat provides the
particles with more energy. The energy makes the
particles more strongly and pushes each other. The
energy makes the particles vibrate so strongly that
they slide over each other and become a liquid.

2. Freezing
Freezing is the process in which liquid turns into solid.
The particle theory explanation of freezing process is.
If a liquid is cooled sufficiently the particles lose so
much energy that they no longer slide over each other.
Thus the liquid has become solid.
3. Evaporation
The process by which liquid changes into a gas over a
range of temperatures is called Evaporation. The
particle theory explanation of Evaporation process is.
The particles in a liquid have different amount of
energy. The particles with the most energy move the
fastest. High energy liquid particles near the surface
move so fast that they can break through the surface
and escape into the air, forming gas.
4. Boiling
When a liquid reaches a certain temperature, it forms
a gas. The gas makes bubbles, which rises to the
surface and burst into air. This process is called
Boiling. The particle theory explanation of boiling
process is. When a liquid is heated, all the particles
receive more energy and move quickly. The fastest
moving particles escape from the liquid surface or
collect in the liquid to form bubbles. The bubble rises
into the surface and burst into the air. The fastest
moving particle released from the liquid forms gas.
5. Condensation
If a gas is cooled down far enough, it turns into a liquid
by a process condensation. The particle theory
explanation of Condensation process is. The particles
in a gas possess a large amount of energy. If the
particles are cooled, they lose some energy and slow
down. If the gas is cooled sufficiently, the particles lose
so much energy that they no longer be gas. The
particles now slide over each other and form liquid.
6. Sublimation
When substances change from solid to gas or gas to
solid, without forming liquid. The process is called
sublimation. When the solid changes into a gas the
forces which bind the particles together and the
quickly move away from each other. When a gas forms
directly into a solid the particles lose their energy so
quickly that they come together and are held by forces.
7. Dissolving
When a solid dissolves in a liquid it disappears. Solid is
the solute, liquid is the solvent and when solute and
solvent mixes it becomes a solution. The particle
theory explanation for this is. The liquid has gaps
between its particles and it is filled when the particles
of the dissolving substance pass.