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CONTENT

The Alphabet................................................................................................................................... 1
Pronunciation Element................................................................................................................... 2
• Vowel.................................................................................................................................... 2
• Vowel Sound....................................................................................................................... . 3
• Vowel Charts 1.................................................................................................................... 4
• Vowel Charts 2.................................................................................................................... 5
• Consonant........................................................................................................................... 6
• Consonant Sound................................................................................................................ 7
- Exercise....................................................................................................................... 8
• Final Letter......................................................................................................................... 9
• Pop Sound.......................................................................................................................... 10
• Stressing............................................................................................................................. 11
- Practice...................................................................................................................... 12
Contarction.................................................................................................................................... 13
Article Sound................................................................................................................................. 14
“Of/Off”......................................................................................................................................... 15
Final “s”......................................................................................................................................... 16
“ed” Ending................................................................................................................................... 17
“have” Sound................................................................................................................................. 18
1

THE ALPHABET

A B C D E F G H
(eI ) (bi) (si) (di) (i) (εf) (ʤ i) (eItʃʃ)

I J K L M N O P
(aI) (ʤ eI) (keI ) (εl) (εm) (εn) (oʊ ) (pi)

Q R S T U V W X Y Z
(kyu) (ɑr) (εs) (ti) (yu) (vi) (dɅbəl yu) (εks) (waI ) (zi)

Exercise:
Please, spell your name and your address !
and make it conversation !

Example:
A : Hi, my name is Andine.
B : Well, your name is Andine. How do you spell it?
A : I spell it like A – N – D – I – N – E
B : Where do you come from?
A : I come from Canada.
B : Ok. Can you spell it?
A : It spells like C – A – N – A – D – A
B : Thanks, I'm glad to meet you.
2

PRONUNCIATION ELEMENT
Pronunciation is the way in which a word is pronounced.
There are 5 elements of pronunciation :
• Vowel
• Consonant
• Final Letter
• Pop Sound
• Stressing
1. VOWEL
Single Vowel(16) :Ʌ, ɑ, i, I, ə, æ,ε,u,ʊ, Ͻ, ɑr, ʊr, εr,Ͻr,Ir,ɚ
Double Vowel(5) :eI, aI, oʊ, aʊ, ϽI

Example :
i I ʊ u
me in look shoe
/mi/ /In/ /lʊk/ͅ /ʃʃu/
ε ə ɚ Ͻ

ten an turn saw


/tεn/ /ən/ /tɚn/ /sϽ/
æ Ʌ ɑr εr
hat up arm bare
/hæt/ /Ʌp/ /ɑrm/ /bεr/
eI aI oʊ aʊ
pay buy go how
/peI/ /baI / /goʊ / /haʊ /
3

Vowel Sounds :

I : as in pit ɚ : as in bird
ε : as in wet eI : as in day
æ : as in cat aI : as in my
Ʌ : as in run ϽI : as in boy
ɑ : as in hot oʊ : as in no
ʊ : as in put aʊ : as in how
ə : as in ago εr : as in bare
i : as in meet Ir : as in beer
u : as in influence Ͻr : as in door
ɑr : as in arm ʊr : as in tour

Exercise : Please, give me the other example of Vowel Sound !


4

VOWEL CHARTS 1

Ʌ ɑ i I u ͅͅʊ

gun gone deed did ghoose good


cut cot bead bid pool pull
lust lost bean bin fool full
nut not leak lick boot butch
shut shot seek sick boogie bookie
duck dock heel hill loom look
luck hot beach bitch noon nook
hut got sleep slip cool bull
gut bog green grin shoot should
bug log feet fit coot could
cup cop sheep ship soup sook
nub knob leave live
5

VOWEL CHARTS 2

eI aI εr Ir oʊ aʊ
lain line hair here hoe how
main mine air ear no now
lake like bare beer lode house
bake bike tear tear woe mouth
lame lime dare dear boat mouse
bay by chare cheer roe brown
way why fair fear goat louse
pray pry pare peer poach
lay lie wear weir bow
claim climb share shear bone
wane wine rare rear groaned
bay by snare sneer rose
pain pine blare bleary

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2. CONSONANT
Voiceless(9) : t, k, p, s, ʃʃ , ʧ , Θ, f, h
Voice(15) : b, d,ʤ , g, l, m, r, n ,ɧ , v, w, y, ð, z, ʒ

Example :

p b t d
pop bus two dog
/pɑp/ /bɅs/ /tu/ /dϽg/
ʧ ʤ k g
church jam cake good
/ʧɚʧ /ʤæm/ /keIk/ /gʊd/
f v Θ ð
fan very three the
/fæn/ /vεri/ /Θri/ /ðə/
s z ʃ ʒ
six zoo shine pleasure
/sIks/ /zu/ /ʃʃaIn/ /plεʒɚ/
m n h
man nine ring happy
/mæn/ /naIn/ /rIɧ / /hæpi/
l r w y
like red wind yes
/laIk/ /rεd/ /wInd/ /yεs/

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Consonant Sounds :

b : as in bee s : as in sun
d : as in deal t : as in ten
f : as in fat v : as in very
g : as in go w : as in wet
h : as in hat z : as in zip
y : as in yet ʤ : as in general
k : as in key ɧ : as in hang
l : as in lead ð : as in that
m : as in map Θ : as in thin
n : as in nose ʃʃ : as in ship
p : as in pen ʒ : as in measure
r : as in red ʧ : as in chin

Exercise : Please, give me the other example of Consonant Sound !

8
Exercise :

LIKE LUCK LAKE LOCK LACK LUCK

DEED DID DEAD DAD DUD DUDE

BEAN BEEN BIN BAN BONE BANE

DAM DIM DOOM DIME DAME DOME

LET LOT LATE LITE LOOT LUTE

SEEN SIN SINE SANE SON SUN

MEAL MILL MALL MOLE MALE MILE

SOUP SOAP SIP SAP SUP SOP

CAT COT CUT KITE COAT KIT

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3. FINAL LETTER
Final Letter is to indicate the word whether it is long or short sound.

One Syllable :

Let mop rob men


/lεt/ /mɑp/ /rɑb/ /mεn/

Cat Ripe can Wrong


/kæt/ /raIp/ /kæn/ /rϽɧ /

Two Syllables :
Attack attend arise handsome
/ətæk/ /ətεnd/ /əraIs/ /hænsəm/

More Than Two Syllables :


Memorize ability Indicate example
/mεməraIz/ /əbIləti/ /IndIkeIt/ /Igzæmpəl/

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4. POP SOUND
Pop sound is the sound in which a word is popped.
Voiceless :p, k, t, ʧ
Voice :b, g, d, ʤ

Example :

p b k g
cap cab leak league
/kæp/ /kæb/ /lik/ /lig/

lap lab
/læp/ /læb/ wick wig
/wIk/ /wIg/

t d ʧ ʤ
got god watch wadge
/gɑt/ /gɑ d/ /wϽʧ / /weIʤ /

seat seed catch cage


/sit/ /sid/ /kæʧ/ /keIʤ /

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5. STRESSING
There are two kinds of stress.
• Primary Stress :the part of a word you emphasize most ( ' )
• Secondary Stress :the part of a word you emphasize as well as ( , )

Example :

abandon forgetful conduction Primary Realize


/ə'bændən/ /fɚ 'gεtfəl/ /kən'dɅkʃʃ ən/ /'praIməri/ /'riə,laIz/

pronunciation introduce jealous eraser computer


/prə'nɅnsi'eIʃʃən/ /'Intrədus/ /'ʤεləs/ /I'reIsɚ / /kəm'pyutɚ /

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Practice :
æ : A bad man had a black cap
ε : Many men send a pet
I : A big ship hit a sick fish
i : She seeks a green sheep
ɑr : Park a car in the yard
Ʌ : A lucky duck lugs a bug
ɑ : A hot cop got a hot dog
Ͻ : The badly calls for a ball in the mall
ɚ : A dirty bird was burnt
ͅʊ : A bull could pull a foot
u : The ghoose can choose usual food
oʊ : A goat won't go alone
aʊ : I sound loudly about how to bow down now
eI : They play the game
aI : I like to climb a pine
ε : A pair of bear stares at the rare hair
p : Papa sicks a paper pack
b : A baby's born behind barn
t : Tina takes two tables
d : Don't do a dish !
ʧ : A chick checks a chain on the chair
ʤ : Jack's job is jolting a giant jar on jeep
k : The king came lke a kingkong
g : Fafa faded for flowers for fat father
f : A thin thief thought three things
v : Measuring the treasure is my vision

13
CONTRACTION

I am : I'm (aIm) I would : I'd (aId)


You are : you're (yϽr/yɚ/) Want to : wanna (wɑnə)
We are : we're (wIr) Have to : hafta (hæftə)
They are : they're (ðεr)
Let us : let's (lεts)
She is : she's (ʃʃiz)
Let me : lemme (lεmI)
He is : he's (hiz)
Give me : gimme (gImI)
I will : I'll (aIl)
Have got to : gotta (gɑtə)
I had : I'd (aId)
Going to : gonna (gɑnə)

Exercise :
Let me go Give me your money
I have got to go I would like to see her
They want to take it I am going to tell him
You're like your father I have to do such a thing
You had written it

14
ARTICLE SOUND

“THE”
/ði/ : before vowels sounds.
Example : the apple , the honest guy .
/ðə/ : before consonant sound .
Example : the gun , the uniform .

Exercise :
The good girl only loves the honest boy .
I think it is the nicest piano in the house.
The university you study is awesome.
Do you like to the other students in the class?
The honorable teacher tought English to foreign student.

“AN/A”
an : before vowels sounds.
Example : an orange, an egg, an hour.
a : before consonant sound.
Example : a book, a table, a university.

Exercise:
I need a cup of coffee.
She studied in a university that I had studied 2 years ago.
My father brings an orange for me.
My cat can catch a mouse in my neighbor's house.

15
OF/OFF

Of /ɑv/ :strong form


example : most of them , friend of mine .

/əv/ :weak form and followed by vowel sound.


example : the inside of a room , one of apples.

/ə/ :weak form and followed only by consonant sound.


example : a lot of money , a cup of coffee , a glass of tea.

Off /ɑv/ :only for “off” sound .


example : turn off , back off .

Exercise :
I have a lot of friends. A bottle of water.
Sicks of his excuses. A top of his head.
Both of us like him. The first of the month.
Touch your tip of finger. A land of ice
Most of us . He fell off his bike.
Plates of gold.
I'll pay off all her debts.

Tongue Twister :
• Can you can a can as a canner can can a can ?
• I scream , you scream , we all scream for ice cream .
• You cuss , I cuss, We all cuss for asparagus.
• I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop. Where she sits she shines , and where she
shines she sits.

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Final “S”

The sounds are ( s , Iz , z ) .


s :after t , k , p , f , Θ .
example : lips , speaks , laughs , pets , and myths.
Iz :after ʧ , ʤ , s, ʃ , z, ʒ .
example : stresses , washes , watches , bridges , buzzes , garages.
z :It's followed by the other symbols (all vowels and the other
consonant sounds)
example : pens , goes , warns , Lina's house .

Exercise :

He licks his lips. A kid plays a ball with his friends.


She likes ice cream. She loves her own boy friend.
My mother cooks some eggs for me. How's it going ?
He still seeks my sister book. He always watches it with his
His dad brings two bottles. brothers.
My mom washes a disk. Susy kisses my pets.
He touches my lips. He was pitiful for six weeks.
He demands you to go away.
He stays at home.
He speaks English well.
It's a nice dream.

17
“ed” Ending

t :after voiceless consonant sound, except “t”


example : stopped, liked, watched,laughed, stressed, washed
d :after all vowels and voice consonant sound, except “d”
example : loved, called, studied, played, warned, stabbed
Id :after t/d sound
example : waited, hated, wanted, needed, demanded, reprimanded

Exercise :
I hated a cop
They stopped a car
They studied in my room
I needed it a lot
She loved it very much
He stabbed an apple
We laughed at you
They asked a girl beside me

18
HAVE

It will be sounded /hæv/, /əv/ and /ə/

/hæv/ : - in the beginning and in the end of sentence .


- as auxiliary verb .
Example : Have you called her ?
Yes , I have .
-in the middle of sentence .
-as ordinary verb.
Example : I have much time.

/əv/ : -in the middle of sentence.


-as auxiliary verb
-followed by vowel sound.
Example : The dogs have eaten the bones.

/ə/ : - in the middle of sentence


- as auxiliary verb
-followed by consonant sound .
Example : You could have studied a lot .

Exercise :
Should I have this book? We'll have eaten them.
He might have gone alone. You sould have done it.
I have been doing for long. She must have studied hard.
I'll have beeb there. Have you taken a bath?
I have finished it. They will have a beautiful home.
This is what you have got.
Lina could have done her
homework.
What do you want to have ?
They have to go.

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