Chemical Equilibrium

PREVIOUS YEAR
PROBLEM SOLVING
IIT JEE MAIN + ADVANCED
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
BY
JITENDRA HIRWANI
CHEMICAL
EQUILIBRIUM
ETOOSINDIA
INDIA’S NO. 1 ONLINE COACHING
Plot No. 38, Near Union Bank of India, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar,
Kota, Rajasthan – 324005 Mob. : 9214233303
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
JEE MAINS
1 KP
1. For the reaction CO  O 2  CO2 , the value of is K : [AIEEE 2002]
2 C
1 1
(1) (2) RT (3) (4) RT
RT RT
Ans. (3)
2. Which of the following equilibria is not affected by change in volume of the flask ? [AIEEE 2002]
(1) N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) (2) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
A
(3) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (4) SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
I
Ans. (3)
3. In which of the following reactions, increase in the volume at constant temperature don’t effect the number of
D
moles of at equilibrium : [AIEEE 2002]
(1) 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 (2) C (g) + (1/2) O2 (g) CO (g)
(3) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O2 (g) (4) none of these
N
Ans. (4)
4. Consider the reaction equilibrium

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
S
2SO3 (g) ; H° = – 198 kJ.
I
On the basis of Le Chatelier’s principle, the condition favourable for the forward reaction is
(1) lowering of temperature as well as pressure
[AIEEE 2003]
O
(2) increasing temperature as well as pressure
(3) lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure
(4) any value of temperature and pressure.
O
Ans. (3)
5. What is the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction P4 (s) + 5O2 (g) P4 O10 (s) ? [AIEEE 2004]
T
5 5
(1) KC = [P4O10]/[P4] [O2] (2) KC = 1/[O2]
(3) KC = [O2]5 (4) KC = [P4O10] / 5[P4] [O2]
Ans. (4)
E
6. A schematic plot of ln Keq versus inverse of temperature for a reaction is shown below : [AIEEE 2005]
6.0
ln K eq
2.0
-3 -3 1/T (K-1)
1.5×10 2.0×10
The reaction must be
(1) endothermic
(2) exothermic
(3) highly spontaneous at ordinary temperature
(4) one with negligible enthalpy change
Ans. (2)
Plot No. 38, Near Union Bank of India, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Page # 2
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
7. For the reaction, 2NO2 (g) 2 NO(g) + O2 (g), (KC = 1.8 × 10–6 at 184°C)
(R = 0.0831 kJ/(mol.K))
When Kp and Kc are compared at 184°C it is found that [AIEEE 2005]
(1) Whether Kp is greater than, less than or equal to Kc depends upon the total gas pressure
(2) Kp = Kc
(3) Kp is less than Kc
(4) Kp is greater than Kc
Ans. (4)
8. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by the equation : [AIEEE 2005]

Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) 2ClF3 (g) ; rH = – 329 J
A
which of the following will increase the quantity of ClF3 in an equilibrium mixture of Cl2 , F2 and ClF3.
I
(1) Adding F2 (2) Increasing the volume of container
(3) Removing Cl2 (4) Increasing the temperature
D
9. An amount of solid NH4HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a certain temperature at 0.50 atm
pressure. Ammonium hydrogen sulphide decomposes to yield NH3 and H2S gases in the flask. When the
decomposition reaction reaches equilibrium, the total pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm? The equilibrium
N
constant for NH4HS decomposition at this temperature is : [AIEEE 2005]
I
(1) 0.11 (2) 0.17 (3) 0.18 (4) 0.30
Ans. (1)
S
10. Phosphorus pentachloride dissociates as follows in a closed reaction vessel.
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
If total pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture is P and degree of dissociation of PCl5 is x, the partial pressure
O
of PCl3 will be : [AIEEE 2006]
 x   2x   x   x 
(2)  P (4)  P
O
(1)  P 1– x 
(3)  P 1– x 
 x +1   x +1 
T
1
11. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, SO3(g) SO2(g) + O (g)
2 2
is KC = 4.9 × 10–2. The value of KC for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) will be [AIEEE 2006]
E
(1) 416 (2) 2.40 × 10–3 (3) 9.8 × 10–2 (4) 4.9 × 10–2
Ans. (1)
12. For the following three reactions a, b and c, equilibrium constants are given:
(A) CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g); K1
(B) CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g); K2
(C) CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g); K3
Which of the following relations is correct ? [AIEEE 2008]
(1) K2 K3 = K1 (2) K3 = K1K2 (3) K3 K23 = K12 (4) K 1 K 2  K 3
Ans. (2)
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
13. The equilibrium constants K p and K p for the reactions X 2Y and Z P + Q, respectively are in the ratio
1 2
of 1 : 9. If the degree of dissociation of X and Z be equal then the ratio of total pressures at these equilibria is
[AIEEE 2008]
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 3 (3) 1 : 9 (4) 1 : 36
Ans. (4)
14. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is converted into CO on the addition
of graphite. If the total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8 atm, the value of K is : [AIEEE 2011]
(1) 1.8 atm (2) 3 atm (3) 0.3 atm (4) 0.18
Ans. (1)
A
15. The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO (g) at temperature T is 4× 10–4. The value of
I
1 1
Kc for the reaction NO(g) N (g) + O2(g) at the same temperature is : [AIEEE 2012]
2 2 2
(1) 0.02 (2) 2.5 × 102 (3) 4 × 10–4 (4) 50.0
Ans.
16.
(4)
For the reaction, SO2(g) +

1
O
2 2(g)
N D
T)x where the symbols have usual meaning then the
SO3(g), if Kp = KC(RT)
I
value of x is : (assuming ideality)
1 1
(1) (2) 1 (3) – 1 (4) 
S
2 2
Ans. (4)
17. 

The standard Gibbs energy change at 300K for the reaction 2A 
 B + C is 2494.2J. At a given time, the
O O
composition of the reaction mixture is [A] =
[R = 8.314 J/K/mol, e = 2.718]
(1) forward direction because Q < KC
(3) forward direction because Q > KC
1
2
, [B] = 2 and [C] =
1
2
. The reaction proceeds in the :
(2) reverse direction because Q < KC

(4) reverse direction because Q > KC
T
Ans. (4)
18. The equilibrium constant at 298 K for a reaction A + B C + D is 100. If the initial concentration of all the four
E
species were 1M each, then equilibrium concentration of D (in mol L–1) will be:
(1) 0.818 (2) 1.818 (3) 1.182 (4) 0.182
Ans. (2)
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
JEE ADVANCED
Subjective Type Questions
1. One mole of nitrogen is mixed with three moles of hydrogen in a four litre container. If 0.25 percent of nitrogen is
converted to ammonia by the following reaction
N2(g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g), then
calculate the equilibrium constant, KC for the following equilibrium?
1 3
N 2 (g)  H 2 (g)  NH3 (g) [JEE 1981]
2 2
Ans. KC = 0.68
2. One mole of N2 and 3 moles of PCl5 are placed in a 100 L vessel heated to 227°C. The equilibrium pressure is 2.05 atm.
A
Assuming ideal behaviour, calculate the degree of dissociation for PCl5 and Kp for reaction, [JEE- 1984]
PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
I
Ans. 0.33
3. The equilibrium constant of the reaction A2(g) + B2(g)  2AB (g) at 100°C is 50. If a one litre flask containing one
D
mole of A2 is connect to a two litre flask containing two moles of B2, how many moles of AB will be formed at 373 K?
[JEE 1985]
Ans. 1.86
4.
SO2(g) + NO2 (g)  SO3 (g) + NO (g)
I N
At a certain temperature, equilibrium constant (Kc ) is 16 for the reaction :
If we take one mole each of all the four gases in a one litre container, what would be the equilibrium concentration
S
of NO and NO2 ? [JEE - 1987]
Ans. 0.80, 0.20
5. N 2O4 is 25% dissociated at 37°C and one atmosphere pressure. Calculate (i) KP and (ii) the percentage dissociation
O
at 0.1 atm and 37°C. [JEE 1988]
Ans.  = 0.62
O
6. The equilibrium constant KP of the reaction,
2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3 (g)
is 900 atm at 800 K. A mixture containing SO3 and O2 having initial pressure of 1 and 2 atm respectively is heated at
T
constant volume to equilibrate. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas at 800 K. [JEE 1989]
2 175 85
Ans. SO 2  atm, O 2  atm,SO3  atm
E
87 87 87
7. For the reaction, CO(g) + 2H2 (g)  CH3OH (g)

hydrogen gas is introduced into a five litre flask at 327°C, containing 0.2 mole of CO(g) and a catalyst, until the
pressure is 4.92 atm. At this point 0.1 mole of CH3OH(g) is formed. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kp and Kc.
[JEE - 1990]
Ans. KP = 0.11 atm–2 , KC = 277.77 M–2
8. When S in the form of S8 is heated at 900 K. the initial pressure of 1 atmosphere falls by 29% at equilibrium. This is
because of conversion of some S8 to S2. Find the KP for reaction. [Roorkee 1990]
3
Ans. 2.55 (atm)
9. An equilibrium mixture at 300 K contains N2O4 and NO2 at 0.28 and 1.1 atmosphere respectively. If the volume of
container is doubled, calculate the new equilibrium pressure of two gases. [Roorkee 1991]
Ans. P = 0.045, PN 2O4 = 0.095 atm, PNO2 = 0.64 atm
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
10. KC for CO(g) + H2O (g)  CO2 (g) + H2(g) at 986°C is 0.63. A mixture of 1 mole H2O (g) and 3 mole CO(g) is allowed
to react to come to an equilibrium. The equilibrium pressure is 2.0 atm. [Roorkee 1992]
(i) How many mole of H2 are present at equilibrium ?
(ii) Calculate partial pressure of each gas at equilibrium.
Ans. (i) 0.681 (ii) P'CO2 = 0.34 atm , P'CO = 1.16 atm , P'H2O = 0.16 atm
11. 0.15 mole of CO taken in a 2.5 L flask is maintained at 750 K along with a catalyst so that the following reaction can
take place :
CO(g) + 2H2(g)  CH3OH (g)
Hydrogen is introduced until the total pressure of the system is 8.5 atm at equilibrium and 0.08 mole of methanol is
formed. Calculate (i) Kp and Kc and (ii) the final pressure if the same amount of CO and H2 as before are used, but with
A
no catalyst so that the reaction does not take place. [JEE - 1993]
I
Ans. KP = 0.056, KC = 213.33
12. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is converted into CO on addition of
graphite. Calculate the value of K, if total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8 atm. [Roorkee 1993]
D
Ans. 1.8 atm
13. The progress of reaction, [JEE - 1994]
N
A  nB
I
with time, is represented in fig.. use given below.
S
(Concentration/mol )
0.5
-1
O O 0.3
0.1
Ans. E T
Determine
(i) the value of n
(ii) the equilibrium constant, K and
(iii) the initial rate of conversion of A.
(i) n = 2 (ii) KC = 1.2
1 3
Time/h
5 7
14. For the reaction Ag(CN)2– Ag+ + 2CN– , the KC at 25° is 4 × 10–19 . Calculate [Ag+] in solution which was originally
0.1 M in KCN and 0.03 M in AgNO3. [JEE - 1994]
–18
Ans. 7.5 × 10
15. Calculate the percent dissocation of H2S (g), if 0.1 mole of H2S is kept inm 0.4 litre vessel at 1000 K. For the reaction
2H2S (g) 2H2 (g) + S2 (g) the value of KC is 1.0 × 10–6. [Roorkee 1994]
Ans. 2%
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
16. At 700 K, hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide. The value of equilibrium constant for this reaction
is 5 × 108. Calculate the amount of H2, Br2 and HBr at equilibrium if a mixture of 0.6 mole of H2 and 0.2 mole of Br2 is
heated to 700 K. [Roorkee 1995]
Ans. HBr = 0.4 mole H2 = 0.4 mole Br2 = 0.0
17. At some temperature and under a pressure of 4 atm. PCl5 is 10% dissociated. Calculate the pressure at which PCl5 will
be 20% dissociated, temperature remaining same. [Roorkee 1996]
Ans. 0.96 atm
18. A sample of air consisting of N2 and O2 was heated to 2500 K until the equilibrium
N2(g) + O2(g)  2NO(g)
A
was established with an equilibrium constant KC = 2.1 × 10–3. At equilibrium, the mole % of NO was 1.8. Estimate the
initial composition of air in mole fraction of N2 and O2.
I
[IIT 1997]
Ans. 21%
19. The KP for the reaction N2O4  2NO2 is 640 mm at 775 K. Calculate the percentage dissociation of N2O4 at
equilibrium pressure of 160 mm. At what pressure, the dissociation will be 50% ? [Roorkee 1997]
D
Ans. 480 mm
(a) The degree of dissociation is 0.4 at 400 K and 1.0 atm for the gaseous reaction PCl5  PCl3 + Cl2. Assuming ideal
N
20.
behaviour of all the gases, calculate the density of equilibrium mixture at 400 K and 1.0 atm (relative atomic mass
I
of P = 31.0 and Cl = 35.5). [JEE - 1998]
(b) Given, [Ag(NH3)2 ]  Ag + 2NH3,
+ +
Kc = 6.2 × 10–8 and Ksp of AgCl
S
= 1.8 × 10–10 at 298 K.
If ammonia is added to a water solution containing excess of AgCl(s) only. Calculate the concentration of the
complex in 1.0 M aqueous ammonia.
O
Ans. 0.049 M
21. At 540 K, 0.10 mole of PCL5 are heated in a 8 litre flask. The pressure of the equilibrium mixture is found to be 1.0 atm.
Calculate KP and KC for the reaction. [Roorkee 1998]
Ans.
22.
TO
KP = 1.77 atm, KC = 4 × 10–2 mol litre–1
When 3.06 g of solid NH4SH is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27ºC,30% of the solid decomposes into
gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. [JEE - 1999]
E
(i) Calculate KC & KP for the reaction at 27ºC.
(ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH4SH is introduced into the flask.
Ans. (i) KC = 8.1 × 10–5 (ii) KP = 4.84 × 10–2
23. The KP value for the reaction ; H2 + I2  2HI, at 460°C is 49. If the initial pressure of H2 and I2 is 0.5 atm respectively,
determine tha partial pressure of each gas at equilibrium. [Roorkee 1999]
Ans. At equilibrium : PH 2 = 0.5 – 0.389 = 0.111 atm
PI2 = 0.5 – 0.389 = 0.111 atm

PHI = 0.389 × 2 = 0.778 atm
24. Calculate the value of KP for the reactions,
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3 (g)
at 25°C. The standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 (g) is –46 kJ and standard entropies of N2(g), H2(g) and NH3 (g)
are 191, 130 and 192 JK–1 mol–1 respectively. (R = 8.3 JK–1 mol–1) [Roorkee 1999]
Ans. 5.845
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
25. At 817°C, KP for the reaction between CO2(g) and excess hot graphite(s) is 10 atm.
(i) What are the equilibrium concentration of the gases at 817°C and a total pressure of 5 atm ?
(ii) At what total pressure, the gas contains 5% CO2 by volume ? [Roorkee 2000]
–1 –1
Ans. (i) CO = 0.041 mol litre , CO2 = 0.015 mol litre (ii) P = 0.145 atm
26. The value of KP is 1× 10–3 atm–1 at 25°C for the reaction : 2NO(g) + Cl2 (g)  2NOCl (g). A flask contains NO at 0.02
atm and 25°C. Calculate the mol of Cl2 that must be added, if 1% of the NO is to be converted to NOCl at equilibrium.
The volume of the flask is such that 0.2 mol of gas produce 1 atm pressure at 25°C. (Ignore probable association of
NO to N2O2) [Roorkee 2001]
Ans. 0.02042
A
27. (a) In the following equilibrium N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g)
I
when 5 moles of each are taken, the temperature is kept at 298 K the total pressure was found to be 20 bar. Given
that
G°f (N2O4) = 100 kJ, G°f (NO2) = 50 kJ
D
(i) Find G of the reaction.
(ii) The direction of the reaction in which the equilibrium shifts.
(b) A graph is plotted for a real gas which follows van der Waals’ equation with pVm taken on Y-axis and p on X-
N
axis. Find the intercept of the line where Vm is molar volume. [JEE - 2004]
I
Ans. (a) (i) G0 = 0 (ii) Backward direction, (b) Intercept = RT
Objective Type Questions
28. For the reaction H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI (g) [JEE - 1981]
S
The equilibrium constant KP changes with
(A) total pressure (B) catalyst
(C) the amount of H2 and I2 present (D) temperature
O
Ans. (D)
29. Pure ammonia is placed in a vessel at a temperature where its dissociation constant () is appreciable. At equilibrium,
O
N2 + 3H2  2NH3 [JEE - 1984]
(A) KP does not change significantly with pressure
T
(B)  does not change with pressure
(C) concentration of NH3 does not change with pressure
(D) concentration of hydrogen is less than that of nitrogen
E
Ans. (A)
30. An example of a reversible reaction is [JEE - 1985]

(A) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaI (aq) = PbI2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
(B) AgNO3 (aq) + HCl (aq) = AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq)
(C) 2Na (s) + 2H2O (l) = 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
(D) KNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) = KCl (aq) + NaNO3 (aq)
Ans. (D)
31. One mole of N2O4 (g) at 300 K is kept in a closed container under one atmosphere. It is heated to 600 K when 20% by
mass of N2O4 (g) decomposes to NO2(g). The resultant pressure is [JEE - 1996]
(A) 1.2 atm (B) 2.4 atm (C) 2.0 atm (D) 1.0 atm
Ans. (B)
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
32. For the reaction, [JEE - 1998]

CO(g) + H2O (g)  CO2 (g) + H2(g),
at a given temperature, the equilibrium amount of CO2(g) can be increased by
(a) adding a suitable catalyst
(b) adding an inert gas
(c) decreasing the volume of the container
(d) increasing the amount of CO(g)
Ans. (D)
33. For a chemical reaction 3X(g) + Y(g) X3 Y(g), the amount of X3 Y at equilibrium is affected by [JEE-1999]
(A) temperature and pressure (B) temperature only
A
(C) pressure only (D) temperature, pressure and catalyst
I
Ans. (A)
D
34. For the reversible reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 at 500°C, the value of KP is 1.44 × 10–5 when partial pressure
is measured in atmosphere. The corresponding value of KC, with concentration in mole litre–1, is [JEE 2000]
1.44×10–5 1.44×10 –5
N
(A) (B)
(0.082×500) –2 (8.314×773) –2
Ans.
35.
(C)
(D)
1.44×10 –5
(0.082×773) 2
S I
(D)
1.44×10 –5
(0.082×773) –2
When two reactants, A & B are mixed to give products C & D, the reaction quotient Q, at the initial stages of the
O
reaction. [JEE-2000]
(A) is zero (B) decrease with time
(C) is independent of time (D) increases with time
O
Ans. (D)
T
36. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (KP) for the decomposition reaction N2O4 2NO2 is expressed
(4x 2 P)
E
by KP = , where P = pressure, x = extent of decomposition. Which one of the following statements is true?
(1– x 2 )
[JEE 2001]
(A) KP increases with increase of P (B) KP increases with increase of x
(C) KP increases with decrease of x (D) KP remains constant with change in P and x
Ans. (D)
37. Consider the following equilibrium in a closed container [JEE 2002]

N2 O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)
At a fixed temperature, the volume of the reaction container is halved. For this change, which of the following
statements holds true regarding the equilibrium constant (KP) and degree of dissociation ()?
(A) neither KP nor  changes (B) both KP and  change
(C) KP changes, but  does not change (D) KP does not change but  changes
Ans. (D)
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
38. The following equilibrium are given : [JEE-2003]

N2 + 3H2  2NH3 ; K1
N2 + O2  2NO ; K2
1
H 2  O2  H 2 O ; K 3
2
The equilibrium constant of the reaction :
5
2NH3  O2  2NO  3H 2 O
2
in terms of K1, K2 and K3 is :
K1K 2 K1K 32 K 2 K 33
(A) K (B) (C) (D) K1K2K3
A
3 K2 K1
I
Ans. (C)
39. Ag+ + NH3  [Ag(NH3)]+ ; K1 = 3.5 × 10–3 [JEE-2006]
D
[Ag(NH3)]+ + NH3  [Ag (NH3)2]+ ; K2 = 1.7 × 10–3
then the formation constant of [Ag(NH3)2]+ is
(a) 6.08 × 10–6 (b) 6.08 × 10–6 (c) 6.08 × 10–9 (d) None of these
N
Ans. (A)
40. N2 + 3H2  2NH3
S I
Which is correct statement if N2 is added at equilibrium condition ? [JEE-2006]
(a) The equilibrium will shift to forward direction because according to IInd law of thermodynamics, the entropy
must increase in the direction of spontaneous reaction.
(b) The condition for equilibrium is G(N2) + 3G(H2) = 2G (NH3) where, G is Gibbs free energy per mole of the gaseous
O
species measured at that partial pressure. The condition of equilibrium is unaffected by the use of catalyst,
which increases the rate of both the forward and backward reactions to the same extent.
(c) The catalyst will increase the rate of both the forward by  and backward reaction by .
(d) Catalyst will not alter the rate of either of the reaction.
41.
Ans.
TO
The value of log10 K for the reaction : A  B, if H° = –54.07 kJ mol–1 at 298 K, S° = 10JK–1 mol–1 at 298 K, R = 8.314
JK–1 mol–1 and 2.303 × 8.314 × 298 = 5705, is :
(A) 5
(B)
(B) 10 (C) 95 (D) 100
[JEE-2007]
42.
Ans.
E
For the elementary reaction M  N, the rate of disappearance of M increases by a factor of 8 upon doubling the
concentration of M. The order of the reaction with respect to M is :
(a) 4
(D)
One or more than one correct option

43. For the gas phase reaction,
(b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
[JEE - 1984]
C2H4 + H2  C2H6 (H = –32.7 kcal)
carried out in a vessel, the equilibrium concentration of C2H4 can be increased by
(a) increasing the temperature
(b) decreasing the pressure
(c) removing some H2
(d) adding some C2H6
Ans. (A, B, C, D)
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
44. When NaNO3 is heated in a closed vessel, oxygen is liberated and NaNO2 is left behind.
At equilibrium, [JEE - 1986]
(a) addition of NaNO2 favours reverse reaction
(b) addition of NaNO3 favours forward reaction
(c) increasing temperature favours forward reaction
(d) increasing pressure favours reverse reaction
Ans. (C, D)
45. The equilibrium SO2Cl2 (g)  SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) is attained at 25°C in a closed container and an inert gas, helium is
introduced. Which of the following statements are correct ? [JEE - 1989]
(a) Concentration of SO2, Cl2 and SO2Cl2 change
(b) More chlorine is formed
A
(c) Concentration of SO2 is reduced
I
(d) None of the above
Ans. (D)
D
46. For the reaction, PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) [JEE - 1991]
the forward reaction at constant temperature is favoured by
(a) introducing an inert gas at constant volume
N
(b) introducing chlorine gas at constant volume
I
(c) introducing an inert gas at constant pressure
(d) increasing the volume of the container
S
(e) introducing PCl5 at constant volume
Ans. (C, D, E)
The equilibrium 2 Cu  Cu + Cu in aqueous medium at 25°C s shifts towards the left in the
1 0 II
O
47.
presence of [JEE - 2011]
(a) NO3– (b) Cl– (c) SCN– (d) CN–
Ans. (B, C, D)
O
48. The initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate (1 M) by a weak acid (HA, 1M) is 1/100th of that of a strong acid
(HX,1M), at 25°C. The Ka (HA) is [JEE-Advance 2013]
T
(a) 1 × 10–4 (b) 1 × 10–5 (c) 1 × 10–6 (d) 1 × 10–3
Ans. (A)
E
49. The thermal dissociation of equilibrium of CaCO3 (s) is studied under different conditions. [JEE-Advance 2013]
CaCO3 (s)  CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
For this equilibrium, the correct statement(s) is/are
(a) H is dependent on T
(b) K is independent of the initial amount of CaCO3
(c) K is dependent on the pressure of CO2 at a givent T
(d) H is independent of the catalyst, if any
Ans. (A, B, C, D)
50. For a reaction taking place in a container in equilibrium with its surroundings, the effect of temperature on its
equilibrium constant K in terms of change in entropy is described by
(A) With increase in temperature, the value of K for endothermic reaction increases because unfavourable change
in entropy of the surroundings decreases
(B) With increase in temperature, the value of K for exothermic reaction decreases because favourable change in
entropy of the surroundings decreases
ETOOSINDIA J.H. SIR
(C) With increase in temperature, the value of K for exothermic reaction decreases because the entropy changeof
the system is positive
(D) With increase in temperature, the value of K for endothermic reaction increases because the entropy change of
the system is negative
Ans. (B, C)
Assertion & Reason
51. Statement-1 : For every chemical reaction at equilibrium, standard Gibbs energy of reaction is zero.
Statement-2 : At constant temperature and pressure, chemical reactions are spontaneous in the direction of decreasing
Gibbs energy. [JEE 2008]
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
A
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
I
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
Ans. (B)
52. Statement-1 : The endothermic reactions are favoured at lower temperature and the exothermic reactions are
D
favoured at high temperature.
Statement-2 : When system in equilibrium is disturbed by changing the temperature. It will tend to adjust itself so
as to overcome of the effect of change. [JEE 2008]
N
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
I
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
S
Ans. (B)
Comprehension
O
Thermal decomposition of gaseous X2 to gaseous X at 298 K takes place according to the following equation :
X 2 (g)  2X(g)
O
The standard reaction Gibbs energy, fG°, of this reaction is positive. At the start of the reaction, there is one mole
of X2 and no X. As the reaction proceeds, the number of moles of X formed is given by . Thus, equilibrium is t he
number of moles of X formed at equilibrium. The reaction is carried out at a constant total pressure of 2 bar.
T
Consider the gases to behave ideally.
(Given : R = 0.083 L bar K–1 mol–1)
53. The equilibrium constant Kp for this reaction at 298 K, in terms of equilibrium, is
Ans.
E
(A)
(C)
(B)
8 2equilibrium
2  equilibrium
2
4 equilibrium
2  equilibrium
(B)
(D)
8 2equilibrium
4  2equilibrium
2
4 equilibrium
4  2equilibrium
54. The INCORRECT statement among the following, for this reaction, is
(A) Decrease in the total pressure will result in formation of more moles of gaseous X
(B) At the start of the reaction, dissociation of gaseous X2 takes place spontaneously
(C) equilibrium = 0.7
(D) KC < 1
Ans. (C)

Chemical Equilibrium

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4. Consider the reaction equilibrium

8. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by the equation : [AIEEE 2005]

For the reaction, SO2(g) +

(2) reverse direction because Q < KC

7. For the reaction, CO(g) + 2H2 (g)  CH3OH (g)

13. The progress of reaction, [JEE - 1994]

Kc = 6.2 × 10–8 and Ksp of AgCl

PI2 = 0.5 – 0.389 = 0.111 atm

30. An example of a reversible reaction is [JEE - 1985]

32. For the reaction, [JEE - 1998]

37. Consider the following equilibrium in a closed container [JEE 2002]

38. The following equilibrium are given : [JEE-2003]

39. Ag+ + NH3  [Ag(NH3)]+ ; K1 = 3.5 × 10–3 [JEE-2006]

40. N2 + 3H2  2NH3

One or more than one correct option

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