26/01/2019

Civil Engineering Department

College of Engineering
Adamson University

CE513D
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Reinforced Concrete Beams

NSCP 2015 and ACI 318M – 14

(Provisions for Load and Strength Reduction Factors)

Rauden B. Panotes, CE, MSSt, ASEAN Engr

Lecturer

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Laboratory

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Idealization of Structures

Idealization of Structures

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Idealization of Structures

Idealization of Structures

Consideration in Providing Secondary Beams

• Walls or location of walls

• Sizes of slab panels (vibration control)
• Slab openings (architecture,
plumbing, electrical, etc.)
• Heavy equipment or furniture
• Occupancy category

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Idealization of Structures

Tributary Area
Exterior Frame

Tributary Area
Interior Frame

Idealization of Structures

LL LL
DL

Longitudinal Frame

LL
Secondary Beam DL

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Idealization of Structures

Primary Consideration in Idealization of

Building Structures
• Architectural limits
• Column shape
• Distance between columns
• Alignment of columns
• Space Clearance (horizontal and
vertical)
• Electrical and plumbing layouts

Effective Length

Framing Plan
Column
Girder / Beam

Offset

Framing Elevation

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Effective Length

Effective Length

Example
V=37.50 37.50 KN
37.500 kN 37.500 kN
34.500 kN 34.500 kN

𝑎𝐿 34.50 KN
= 0.2
2
0.20 m
𝑉𝑎𝐿
= 37.5 0.20 = 7.5 -34.500 kN
-37.500 kN
2

𝑉𝑎𝐿 = 7.5 2 = 15
Shear Diagram
𝑉𝑎𝐿 15
= = 2.5 26.25 KN m
6 6 31.250 KN m
31.250 kNm 31.250 kNm
24.050 kNm 24.050 kNm
24.050 kNm
𝑀 = 31.25 − 7.5 + 2.5 24.050 KN m
𝑀 = 26.25 KNm

Moment Diagram

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Effective Length

Example

26.450 kNm 26.450 kNm

26.450 kNm

-13.225 kNm -13.225 kNm

Moment of Inertia

Section 6.3.1.1 ACI 318M-14 Relative Stiffness

(Commentary)

For Braced Frame:

0.50 𝐼 for beams
1.00 𝐼 for columns
Section 6.6.3.1.1 / Table 6.6.3.1.1 (a) ACI 318M-14

For Sway Frame:

0.35 𝐼 for beams
0.70 𝐼 for columns
0.25 𝐼 for flat plates and flat slabs

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Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Beam
Depth of the beam = 62.5mm/m x (span in meters)

Width of the beam = 1/2 x (Depth of the beam)

- Beam size is usually governed by negative moment and

shear at the supports.

- Using the same depth for all flexural members allows the
use of simple and low cost forming system.

- To maintain overall economy:

- At Preliminary Design 𝜌 ≈ 0.012
- At Final Design 𝜌 ≈ 0.010

Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Beam
Section 409.3.1.1, NSCP 2015, page 4-62
Section 9.3.1.1, ACI 318M - 14

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Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Slabs
Practical minimum slab thickness = 100 mm
Table 7.3.1, NSCP 2015
Section 7.3.1, ACI 318M - 14

Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Slabs
Table 7.3.1, NSCP 2015
Section 8.3.1, ACI 318M - 14

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Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Columns
Column sizes are governed primarily by axial load.
For Tied Columns:
𝑃𝑢 = 0.8∅𝑃𝑛

Factored Load Design Strength

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2𝐷 + 1.6𝐿 𝑃𝑛 = 0.85f 𝐴𝑔 − 𝐴𝑠𝑡 + 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
For Column with highest axial
load: Where: f = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ≈ 0.02 𝐴𝑔 𝐴𝑔 = gorss area of column
For Column with lowest axial 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = steel area
load: 𝑓𝑦 = steel yielding strength
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ≈ 0.01 𝐴𝑔

Guidelines for Proportioning Members’ Size

Columns 0.225 7.00 7.00 7.00 0.225

0.225

For Interior Columns: 7.00

(Computed Area is increased
by 10%)
𝑨𝒈 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝑨𝒈

7.00
For Exterior Columns:
(Computed Area is increased
by 50%)

𝑨𝒈 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝑨𝒈
7.00

Upper exterior columns

0.225

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Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach

1. The live load may be considered to be applied only to the

floor or roof under consideration, and the far ends of columns
built integrally with the structure may be considered fixed.

2. The arrangement of live load may be limited to combinations

of (a) factored dead load on all spans with full factored live load
on two adjacent spans, and (b) factored dead load on all spans
with full factored live load on alternate spans.

Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 1)
0.225 7.00 7.00 7.00 0.225
0.225 A

7.00 LL LL LL

7.00

7.00 LL LL LL

0.225
D

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Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 1)

DL
LL LL
A B C D

34.662 kNm 34.662 kNm

24.336 kNm 24.336 kNm

-6.914 kNm
-17.376 kNm -17.376 kNm
A B C D

Moment Diagram

Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 2)
0.225 7.00 7.00 7.00 0.225
0.225 A

7.00

7.00 LL LL LL

7.00

0.225
D

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Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 2)

DL
LL
A B C D

27.747 kNm 27.747 kNm

17.422 kNm 17.422 kNm

-8.665 kNm -8.665 kNm

A B -19.128 kNm
C D

Moment Diagram

Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 3)
0.225 7.00 7.00 7.00 0.225
0.225 A

7.00 LL LL LL

7.00 LL LL LL

7.00

0.225
D

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Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Case 3)

DL
LL
A B C D

30.575 kNm 32.618 kNm

26.379 kNm
18.097 kNm

-9.012 kNm
A -15.278 kNm B -17.376 kNm C D

Moment Diagram

Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach (Full Live Load)

DL
LL
A B C D

31.250 kNm 31.250 kNm 31.250 kNm 31.250 kNm

-15.625 kNm -15.625 kNm -15.625 kNm

A B C D

Moment Diagram

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Simplification of Frame Analysis

Live Load Distribution Approach

34.662 kNm
34.662 kNm 34.662 kNm
34.662 kNm
32.618 kNm
24.336 kNm 27.747
24.336 kNm
kNm
Case 1
-6.914 kNm
-17.376 kNm
-17.376 kNm -19.128 kNm -17.376 kNm
-17.376 kNm

Envelope Diagram
27.747 kNm 27.747 kNm

Case 2 17.422 kNm 17.422 kNm

-8.665 kNm -8.665 kNm

-19.128 kNm

30.575 kNm 32.618 kNm

26.379 kNm

Case 3 18.097 kNm

-9.012 kNm
-15.278 kNm -17.376 kNm

Boundary Condition / Supports

Beams
Rigid
Wall

Column Column

Column Column

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Boundary Condition / Supports

Foundation
Column

Footing
Pin Support
Soft Soil

Column

Footing

Stiff Soil Fix Support

Structural Analysis Methods

Deflection of Beams
• Double Integration Method
• Area-Moment Method
• Strain Energy Method – Castigliano’s Theorem
• Three-Moment Equation
• Conjugate Beam Method
• Virtual Work Method

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Structural Analysis Methods

Indeterminate Beams
• Three-Moment Equation
• Moment Distribution Method
• Slope-Deflection Method

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