UNEQUAL-ARM LEVER AND FREE FALL WITHOUT INITIAL

VELOCITY
Author: Ljubisav Mandić Ljubiša, independent researcher,
no. 76 Miloša Obilića Street, 15000 Šabac, Serbia

SUMMARY
Studying the lever, Archimedes made, inter alia, the conclusion that a smaller force can
displace heavier loads. That is why he attributed mystical properties to the lever. Moreover,
the very movement of the level depends on the force and the distance of the force from the
torque. This theoretical paper considers the impact of free fall without initial velocity in small
volumes of space where gravitational field is homogenous and introduces time as the force
acting upon the lever equilibrium.

INTRODUCTION
Figure 1 shows an unequal-arm lever in balance. The arm l which lifts the load is shorter than
the arm l1upon which the force is applied. The condition for equilibrium is as follows:
Q * l=F*l1.
Let us look at the unequal lever with very light containers (Figure 2) and masses in balance
atop.
The masses M and m start to fall in the time (t) under the effects of gravity (Figure 3); this is
stated to be the short-height fall, and then the impact of friction with the air is insignificant,
i.e. the gravitational field in the small volume of space (the containers) is homogenous, thus,
gravity is constant.
This means that light and heavy objects fall at the same velocity, because gravity always acts
to the extent required to overcome inertia.
With equilibrium, gravity and inertia Einstein formulated the equivalence principle which
postulates that we cannot distinguish between inertia (resistance, acceleration) and movement
generated by gravitational forces.
Looking back to the unequal-arm lever and starting from the fact that all object fall at the
same velocity, we can observe the following:
1. The concept of time is introduced; this is the time during which masses M and m fall
in small volumes of space with homogenous gravity.
2. The values of masses M and m in free fall without initial velocity do not affect the
equilibrium of the unequal-arm lever, only the longer arm l1.
3. The longer arm of the unequal-arm lever moves in the same direction as the mass m.
Action on the longer arm of the unequal-arm lever is instantaneous, always in the
present time (t=0). Falling of the masses M and m is the action, and the movement of
the longer arm l1 is the reaction, therefore, these are the two forces that are not equal in
value, but the mass m and the longer bar l1 always have the same direction.
 4. Conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy during the fall of the masses M and
m does not affect the equilibrium of the unequal-arm lever. It is affected only by the
time as the force and the longer arm as the space.
Time is the force that acts instantaneously in the current moment. Time is an immovable
reference system.
Figure 1 shows time as force. If we imagine the longer arm l1 to extend each second by 1 cm,
then the condition for equilibrium would be to instantaneously increase the load at the shorter
arm, i.e. in time (t=0).
CONCLUSION
From Saint Augustin, Nikolai Kozyrev, to Serbian philopher Prof.Dr. Velimir Abramović, time
has not been sufficiently studied. Observing the unequal-arm lever in the light of gravity and
the impact of time acting as the force thereupon is a small contribution to the further study of
the time.

LITERATURE:
1. Ajnštajn, Albert: O specijalnoj i opštoj teoriji relativiteta, Sezam Book doo, Zrenjanin,
2007., p76-81
2. Infeld, Leopold:Albert Ajnštajn, Nolit Belgrade, 1983., p66-73
3. Ian Nicolson, Gravity, Black Holes and the Universe, Russian translation, Moscow
„Mir“, 1983., p74-81
4. J.J.Vitrou, Šta je vreme?, Prosveta, Belgrade, 1985., p108-113

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