CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND

POLITICAL INSTITUTION
CHAPTER 6
Understanding Cultural, Social and
Political Institution
■ Institutions are society’s building blocks. These formal
organizations defined with a purpose and established
by people, constitute the very foundation of society.
■ Institution is an established organization
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTITUTION

Purposive

Permanent Value-
in content
laden

Unified
structure
FUNCTIONS OF AN INSTITUTIONS
■ It simplify social behaviour for the individual person
■ Provide ready made forms of social relations and social
roles for individual
■ Act as agencies of coordination and stability
■ Control behavior
SOCIAL INSTITUTION
■ Any institution in a society that works to socialize the
group of people in it.
■ It is group of social positions, connected by social
relations, performing a social role.
 Family

E
ducation Economy
Social
Institutions

Religion Govern
ment
THE FAMILY
The Family
■ It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the
educational system begins to learn the ABC.
■ The basic agent of socialization because it is here
where the individual develops values, behaviour and
ways of life through interaction with members of the
family
Characteristics of the Filipino
Family
■Closely knit and has strong family ties
■Usually extended one and therefore
big.
Functions of Family
■ Reproduction of the race and rearing the young
■ Cultural transmission or enculturation
■ Socialization of the child
■ Provides affection and a sense of security
■ Provides social status
KINDS OF
FAMILY
Kinds of Family according to:

■Structure
■Term of marriage
■Residential pattern
■Authority
ACCORDING TO
AUTHORITY
PATRIARCHAL
When the father is considered the head and
plays a dominant role in the family
MATRIARCHAL
When the mother is considered the head and
makes the major decisions in the family
EQUALITARIAN
When both the father and mother share in
making decisions and are equal in authority
EDUCATION
Education
■ A form in which the knowledge, skills and
habits of a group of people are
transferred from one generation to the
next through teaching, training or
research.
Functions of School
■ Mcnergney & Herbert (2001) described
the school as the first and foremost
established organization having
identifiable structure and a set of
functions meant to preserve and extend
social order.
INTELLECTUAL PURPOSE
To teach basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing, and
mathematics
To transmit specific knowledge
POLITICAL PURPOSE
To inculcate allegiance to the existing political order
(patriotism)
To prepare citizens who will participate in the political order
To teach basic law
SOCIAL PURPOSE
To socialize children into various roles, behaviour and values of
society
ECONOMIC PURPOSE
To prepare students for their later occupational roles, and to
select, train, and allocate individuals into the division of labor
GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
■ It is the institution which solves conflicts that are
public in nature and involve more than few people
■ Supreme Court defines government as the
institution by which an independent society makes
and carries out those rules of action which are
necessary to enable men to live in a social state, or
which are imposed upon the people for that society
by those who possess the power or authority of
prescribing them.
Three branches of Government

■ Executive
■ Legislative
■ Judicial
LEGISLATIVE
is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is
divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
EXECUTIVE
carries out laws. It is composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term
of six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to
appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.
JUDICIAL
evaluates laws. It holds the power to settle controversies
involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction
on the part and instrumentality of the government. It is made
up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
 ECONOMIC
INSTITUTION
Economic Institutions
■ The economy is the social institution that organizes
a society’s production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.
■ Economic institutions in a country are comprised of
government, non-government, private organizations
and corporations. Such institutions include banks,
investment houses, government agencies and the
like.
■ Vary across the world.
CIRCULAR FLOW
OF INCOME
MARKET ECONOMY
An economic system where perfect competition is encouraged
and households and firms are left to freely interact. Economic
decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided
solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's individual
citizens and businesses. There is little government intervention
or central planning.
COMMAND ECONOMY
The economic system is under the comprehensive control and
regulation of the government. An economy in which production,
investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a
government.
MIXED ECONOMY
It is an economic system where there is a combination of
market and command economy.
RELIGION
Religion
■ Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves to bind
people together through shared worship, thereby
creating social group.
■ Set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred
or supernatural realm that guides human behaviour
and gives meaning to life among a community and
believers.
Characteristics of Religion
■ Belief in a deity
■ A doctrine of salvation
■ A code of conduct
■ Religious rituals
Functions of Religion
■ Serves as a means of social control
■ Exerts a great influence upon personality
development
■ Gives man a comfort, strength and hope in time of
crisis and despair
■ Promotes closeness, love, cooperation, friendliness
and helpfulness
THAT’S ALL!