Chapter 2

METHOD

This chapter presented the Research Design used in the study, the research locale, the

materials and instruments, the data gathering procedures, and the different statistical tool used to

analyze the data.

Research Design

This study used the Investigatory research design in gathering and utilizing specific data

and information. Investigatory research design is a type research design that involves

investigation and discovery that serves as the way for the students to understand better the nature

of science (Cuartero, 2016).

Theoretical Framework

This study will be anchored from various theories such:

Electron Theory. States that electric current is composed of electron flow which is a

moving charge that flows from the negative to the positive point of the circuit. Electricity is a

charge matter in a sense that in electric circuits the electricity is carried by moving electrons

through the wire as its pathway. The electron flow can be perceived through the wire from the

disc to the battery (Adhikari, 2015).

 Heat Theorem. Nernst (1864, 1941) states that, as the temperature reaches zero, all the

bodies would have the same entropy. It implies that constant entropy happens when chemical

reaction happens when the temperature is at absolute zero. The generation of electrical energy

varies on the quality of temperature (Shirai, 2018).

Conceptual Framework

The illustrations show the design of the structure of solar panel and possible concept on

how this study would work and develop by using recyclable materials.

Solar electricity could be generated directly using recycled compact discs as a solar panel.

These modified solar panels were suitable for use in roofs or in other platforms that could

directly expose to the heat of the sun.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy could be converted from one state to

another; nonetheless it cannot be created nor be destroyed. This statement means that energy in a

system would remain in that system unless acted by energy coming from the outside. The radiant

heat energy from the sunlight hits the solar panel the energy was converted into electrical energy

(Campbell, Hanania, Jenden, & Donev, 2018).

In the field of solar panels, it was known that if texture was placed on the surface of a

solar cell, light scattered more effectively, increasing a cell’s efficiency (Fellman, 2014).

Solar panel works by allowing photons, or particles of light. When a photon of sunlight

knocks an electron free, the electric field will push that electron out of the silicon junction.
 A couple of other components of the cell turn these electrons into usable power. Metal

conductive plates on the sides of the cell collect the electrons and transferred them to wires. At

that point, the electrons can flow like any other source of electricity (Dhar, 2017).

Photoelectric effect was passed to solar energy through solar cell and transfers it into

electric power. This kind of photoelectric transformation was maintained with the help of

photoelectric effect of semiconductor elements to proceed. It was used to setup solar power plant

and merge into power generation (Lin 2015).

In addition, Fellman (2014) said that, the replicated pattern of the disc, on the active layer

of a polymer solar cell, was more efficient than a control solar cell with a random pattern on its

surface. The Blu-ray disc patterns could be broadly for light trapping in other kinds of solar cells.

The copper wire was being mounted to the compact discs to gather the enough amount of

energy to convert into electricity.

The diode was attached before the connection of the wires in each of the copper wire to

manipulate the flow of energy to avoid the cause of energy shortage and energy overflow.

Compact discs would be installed to the plywood, which was the baseline and the

electrical wires was connected into the 12V battery for the energy restorement. Another circuit

would be attached to the outlet for the energy consumption.

 Input Process Output

Below were the Below were the

materials in making processes in making
the solar panel: the solar panel:  Results and
Recommend
 Copper wire  Soldering ation
 Compact diode and
disc copper wire
 Diodes  Connecting
 Electrical wires
Wire  Placing
Copper Wire
in the disc

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the study

Solar panel Battery Bulb

Figure 2: Schematic Design of Solar Panel Model System

Sample

The sample in this study was the Compact Disc, which was the center of innovation. The

Compact Disc was where the researchers would used to capture energy and to attach the copper

wire and the diode that could access the flow of energy to stored up 12 V in a battery and at the

same time to light up 12 V LED light.

Materials and Instrument

The materials to be used in this study are the following;

The compact disc was the main material to be used in this study to capture and to restore the

energy came from the heat of the sun.

The copper wire was used to attach to the compact disc and to serve as conductor for the

flow of energy to turn into electrical energy.

The plywood was the base which all the pieces of compact disc was positioned. The diode

was used also to control the flow of current in the copper wire from all the components of the

compact disc.

Electrical wire would be used to carry and to supervise the flow of the current to the battery.

The stick glue was used to compress the compact disc to the plywood and copper wire.
 The instruments used to test the efficiency of the innovated solar panel was the electronic

tester, a device that was used in measuring the energy power absorbed and restored by the

innovated solar panel.

Soldering Iron was the instrument used in attaching the diode to the copper wire with the

used also of soldering wire.

Procedures

1. Gathering Materials

The raw materials to be used in this study were old compact disc, copper wire,

electrical wire, plywood, diode, chargeable battery and stick glue. All the materials would be

provided by the researchers.

2. Assembling the innovated solar panel

Copper wire which was being twirled with the use of a big size nail would be put to the

top of the compact disc to transfer the energy to be converted into electrical energy due to its

conductivity.

To maintain and to control the current, diode would be placed at the end of every piece

of copper wire to balance and secure the flow of energy.

The researchers connected the wires from the diode being attached to the copper wire

passing through an outlet and add the battery. The 12 volts battery was positioned and fasten at

the components of solar panel to restore the total amount of energy to be accumulated to avoid

electrical circuit problems.

Treatment A

The researchers determined the total wattage produced by the innovated solar panel when

exposed to sunlight for four (4) hours.

Trial 1:

The researchers assembled the solar panel with one (1) disc and using diode, copper wire,

electrical wire and stick glue. The innovated and standard solar panel were tested and exposed

during the sunny days with the given time of four (4) hours. Then, after few hours of

observation, the researchers recorded the total watts produced by the innovated solar panel and

by the standard panel using electronic tester.

Trial 2:
 The researchers assembled the solar panel with one (1) disc and using diode, copper wire,

electrical wire and stick glue. The innovated and standard solar panel were tested and exposed

during the sunny days with the given time of eight (8) hours. Then, after the hours of

observation, the researchers recorded the total wattage produced by the innovated solar panel and

by the standard panel using electronic.

Treatment B

The researchers determined the total wattage produced by the commercial solar panel when

exposed to sunlight for four (4) hours.

Trial 1:

The researchers assembled the solar panel with two (2) discs and using diode, copper wire,

electrical wire and stick glue. The innovated and standard solar panel were tested and exposed

during the sunny days with the given time of four (4) hours. Then, after few hours of

observation, the researchers recorded the total wattage produced by the innovated solar panel and

by the standard panel using electronic tester.

 Trial 2:

The researchers assembled the solar panel with two (2) discs and using diode, copper wire,

electrical wire and stick glue. The innovated and standard solar panel were tested and exposed

during the sunny days with the given time of eight (8) hours. Then, after few hours of

observation, the researchers recorded the total wattage produced by the innovated solar panel and

by the standard panel using electronic tester.

Statistical Analysis

To determine the significant difference in the number of disc and the total wattage produce by

the polycarbonate solar panel, two-way ANOVA will be used.