Proposed IWRM Planning Guidelines for

the Philippines

Acknowledgement: Main contributors: Deltares (Eelco van Beek, T. Albert Nauta,

Laura Basco) in consultation with local project partners (DPWH, NHRC-UP,
DENR, NIA, NEDA)

Presentation to the training participants by

Dr. Ilyas Masih, Senior Lecturer in Water Resources Planning, UNESCO-IHE, Delft
Training of Trainersthe Netherlands
under (i.masih@unesco-ihe.org
the project )
“Philippines: Establishing Integrated
Water Resources Management and Planning Tools and Guidance; and
Capacity Building.”
Executing agencies: Deltares, UNESCO-IHE, Philippines Water Partnership
Main project partners: DPWH, NHRC-UP, DENR, NIA, NEDA
Funding: The World Bank
Contents

• IWRM basics – achieving Water Security

• IWRM Planning Guidelines for the Philippines -

overview

• IWRM planning guidelines – the 5 Steps

 Integrated Water Resources Management
IWRM is a process which promotes the co-ordinated development and
management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize
the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.
GWP, 2000

4 PRINCIPLES OF IWRM (Dublin Principles)

Principle 1: Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life,
development and the environment.

Principle 2: Water development and management should be based on a participatory

approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels.

Principle 3: Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of
water.

Principle 4: Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized
as an economic good as well as a social good.
 IWRM basics – achieving Water Security

The ultimate goal of IWRM is to achieve

‘ ’

Water security is the capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to

adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human
wellbeing, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against
water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving
ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability.
UN Water, 2003
 Water Security ADB – 5 key dimensions

1. Satisfy household water and

sanitation needs in all
communities
2. Support productive economies
in agriculture and industry
3. Develop vibrant, livable cities
and towns
4. Restore healthy rivers and
ecosystems
5. Build resilient communities
that can adapt to change.
 IWRM basics – achieving Water Security
IWRM planning is a cyclic process in which a set of logical sequence phases are
driven and supported by a continuous management support and stakeholder
involvement events.

The IWRM plan will serve

as a roadmap for longer
term steps required to
continue along a path to:
• Sustainable
environment
• Social equity
• Economic growth
 IWRM basics – Achieving Water Security
To enable the implementation of IWRM and to achieve water security three
basic conditions need to be met. These conditions (3 pillars of IWRM) are:
(i) have an enabling environment,
(ii) an institutional framework should be in place,
(iii) management instruments should be available.

Investments
for
infrastructu
re is fourth
important
condition
Present national guidelines for RBM planning

• Water Code 1976

• and associated Implementation Rules
and Regulations 1979
• presently in discussion

• National IWRM Plan Framework 2007

• describes Planning Process
• specifies 4 Sustainable Outcomes
• supported by strategic themes

• National Integrated River Basin

Management and Development
Framework Plan 2006
• incl. RBC at basin level
 Why new guidelines

• Our assessment of present planning studies

showed:
• enabling conditions are insufficiently developed
• laws, institutions, support, etc.
• a clear analysis framework is missing
• The new guideline will (partly) address this:
• it will provide a clear analysis framework
• the steps to be followed in a IWRM planning
analysis)
• the computational support (models, data)
 IWRM Planning Guidelines - proposal

The IWRM planning guidelines consist of 5 main steps in which the analysis
should be carried out:

I. Inception – sets the boundary conditions for the analysis

II. Situation Analysis – describes the present and future WR problems

III. Strategy building – develops alternative strategies for decision making

IV. Action planning – prepares investments

V. Implementation – actual implementation of measures, monitoring and

guidance.

Steps IV and V are closely linked !

 IWRM planning guidelines
Participatory and informed planning and decision making
process

Involving stakeholders in the identified steps will include 4 (idealized)

phases:

 Common knowledge – the phase in which the stakeholders generate a

common level of knowledge about the subject
 Divergence – the phase in which the various views of the stakeholders
are expressed
 Convergence – the phase in which by means of analysis and discussion
a common view is developed on how to proceed
 Decision making – formalization of that common view at decision
making level
IWRM planning guidelines
Participatory and informed planning and decision making
process
Progress of IWRM as a process…
IWRM

V
II
Implementation Situation analysis
III Strategy building
November 2014
IV
Inception I IWRM planning
Action planning
cycle
 IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
 Step I - Inception

Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and

defining analysis conditions

 Enabling Environment at national level

o national water legislation and national policies that
guide the planning process and enables enforcement
 Institutional Framework
o existence of water institutions at national and
regional level with qualified staff
o at river basin level some kind of river basin
organization (RBO) should be in place
 Management instruments
o the availability of data, information and tools that
See Annex-B of the
enables informed decision making guidance document
 Step I - Inception

Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and

defining analysis conditions

 Setting-up of
the stakeholder
involvement
process

See Annex-A of the

guidance document
 Step I - Inception

Sub-step 1: Creating enabling conditions and

defining analysis conditions

Define the analysis conditions for the planning study:

 The base year for the study
o the most recent year for which basic data on the
present situation is available
 The time horizon(s) for the study
o which may include short term (e.g. 5 years), medium
(e.g. 20 years) and long-term (>25 years)
 The discount rate to be applied in the economic analysis
o as specified by (e.g.) the Ministry of Finance
 System boundaries - the components and the level of
detail that will be included, e.g.
o will the Coastal Zone be included?
o results to be presented at Barangay level?
 Step I - Inception

Sub-step 2: Objectives and criteria

 Step I - Inception

Sub-step 3: Work plan and decision making

Based on above a work plan should be made for the

remainder of the study, specifying the activities that will be
carried out and the process that will be followed to interact
with the decision makers and stakeholders.
 IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
 Step II – Situation analysis

Sub-step 1: Describing the Water Resources

System
 Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified
analysis process
 Base case
The performance of the WRS in studied for the
infrastructure and water demands in the base
case.
• Scenario analysis
A good IRBMP should focus on the future horizon
based on the water related problems in the future
horizon identified previously
• Reference case
The reference case addresses the future situation
by considering the present infrastructure, when no
new measures are taken, together with selected
scenario conditions.
Base year: present situation
Time horizon: future situation for which
the decision makers want to be
prepared
Base case: performance of the WRS in
the present situation
Reference case: performance of the
WRS in future if no additional
measures are taken
-------------------------------------
Measure: intervention within the WRS
Strategy: logical combination of
measures
Scenario: developments outside the
control of the WRS managers that
might have important impacts on the
WRS (demand, supply, etc.)
 Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified
analysis process
 Problem description
A problem analysis should be expressed as far as
possible in terms of the socio-economic and
environmental impacts that have meaning to the
decision makers and stakeholders.
Integrated approach: Alignment with other plans
 Watershed Plans
 Flood Risk Management
 Integrated Coastal Zone Management\
 etc.
Base year: present situation
Time horizon: future situation for which
the decision makers want to be
prepared
Base case: performance of the WRS in
the present situation
Reference case: performance of the
WRS in future if no additional
measures are taken
-------------------------------------
Measure: intervention within the WRS
Strategy: logical combination of
measures
Scenario: developments outside the
control of the WRS managers that
might have important impacts on the
WRS (demand, supply, etc.)
 Step II – Situation analysis

Sub-step 2: The need for a structured quantified

analysis process

 Inventory of potential measures and selection

of promising measures
 Step II – Situation analysis

Sub-step 3: A supporting computational

framework (models and databases)

Typical elements of a computational framework are:

 determination of water demand (drinking water,
agriculture, etc.)
 determination of supply (rainfall, surface water,
groundwater)
 water balance and allocation models, balancing
supply and demand
 impact and (economic) evaluation models
 Step II – Situation analysis
Sub-step 3: A supporting computational
framework (models and databases)
 Step II – Situation analysis

Sub-step 3: Decision making

Step II should result in a good understanding of the

decision makers and stakeholders of the WRS system, the
present and future problems and which measures seems to
be promising enough for the analysis during the next step.
 IWRM
Planning
Guidelines
 Step III – Strategy building

Sub-step 1: Strategy building process

An IRBMP can only be

considered as a good
and implementable plan
if the proposed
measures have been
evaluated in terms of
how much these
measures will improve
the present and future
situation after these
measures have been
implemented.
 How does this look like in a specific case?

Step 1 – Specify your objectives (in terms of water security: Key dimensions)

Key Dimenstions and Indicators

Case Water Security Index

KD1: Water and Sanitation

KD2: Food production

KD3: Industry and Energy

KD4: Environment

KD5: Vulnerability

Implementation information
 Step 2: Decide on the criteria

Key Dimenstions and Indicators

unit
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water %
% people access to sanitation facilities %

KD2: Food production

Irrigation area 1000 ha
# animal water points #

KD3: Industry and Energy

Water supplied to mining %
Water supplied to industry %
Hydropower generated MWh

KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2
Number of springs/sources protected #
Average class water quality rivers I-V

KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr

Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
 Step 3: Adding the cases

Alternative investment strategies

Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water %
% people access to sanitation facilities %

KD2: Food production

Irrigation area 1000 ha
# animal water points #

KD3: Industry and Energy

Water supplied to mining %
Water supplied to industry %
Hydropower generated MWh

KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2
Number of springs/sources protected #
Average class water quality rivers I-V

KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr

Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
 Step 4: Present situation

Alternative investment strategies

Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30%

KD2: Food production

Irrigation area 1000 ha 24
# animal water points # 300

KD3: Industry and Energy

Water supplied to mining % 30%
Water supplied to industry % 70%
Hydropower generated MWh 34

KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200
Number of springs/sources protected # 300
Average class water quality rivers I-V II

KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200

Implementation information
Required investments m€
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) -
 Step 5: Setting the targets

Alternative investment strategies

Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50% 63% 73% 100%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30% 50% 70% 100%

KD2: Food production

Irrigation area 1000 ha 24 30 35 40
# animal water points # 300 500 900 1000

KD3: Industry and Energy

Water supplied to mining % 30% 80% 90% 100%
Water supplied to industry % 70% 80% 90% 100%
Hydropower generated MWh 34 80 120 120

KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200 2500 3500 3500
Number of springs/sources protected # 300 600 900 900
Average class water quality rivers I-V II III IV V

KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120 < 78 < 50 0
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200 < 50 < 30 0

Implementation information
Required investments m€ - - -
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) - > 1,3 > 1,2 -
 Step 6: Determining the scores

Alternative investment strategies

Key Dimenstions and Indicators Base Targets Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
unit 2010 2020 2030 Perfect 2020 2030 2020 2030 2020 2030
Case Water Security Index
KD1: Water and Sanitation
% people access to safe drinking water % 50% 63% 73% 100% 63% 73% 63% 73% 63% 73%
% people access to sanitation facilities % 30% 50% 70% 100% 50% 70% 50% 70% 50% 70%

KD2: Food production

Irrigation area 1000 ha 24 30 35 40 26 28 28 31 30 35
# animal water points # 300 500 900 1000 400 700 500 900 500 900

KD3: Industry and Energy

Water supplied to mining % 30% 80% 90% 100% 40% 50% 50% 70% 80% 90%
Water supplied to industry % 70% 80% 90% 100% 70% 90% 80% 90% 80% 90%
Hydropower generated MWh 34 80 120 120 60 100 70 110 80 120

KD4: Environment
Protected watershed area km2 1200 2500 3500 3500 2000 2500 2500 3000 2500 3500
Number of springs/sources protected # 300 600 900 900 400 600 500 700 600 850
Average class water quality rivers I-V II III IV V II III III III III IV

KD5: Vulnerability
Vulnerability to floods - average damage m€/yr 120 < 78 < 50 0 100 80 100 80 78 50
Vulnerability to droughts - average damage m€/yr 200 < 50 < 30 0 120 80 80 40 50 30

Implementation information
Required investments m€ - - - 300 500 400 650 600 1200
B/C ratio economic categories (KD2, KD3) - > 1,3 > 1,2 - 1,4 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1

Preferred strategy?
IWRM Planning
Guidelines
Steps IV-V Implementation plan

What:
• concrete actions to be taken
Who:
• stakeholders involved and prime responsible
agency
How:
• steps to be taken – consultative process
When:
• time plan
Financing:
• where is the money coming from
Steps IV-V Implementation plan
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan

Feasibility studies and environmental

Assessment

Detailed Feasibility

Technical
Legal
Economic
Operational; and
Scheduling
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan

Promotion
Institutions and
responsibilities:
illustrated by
Cebu Case

Categories

Projects

Institutions

Implem. info
 Categories
Develop more
resources

Water demand
reduction

Protecting the
resources

Water
governance

Research &
Development
 ` Responsible

Responsibilities o Co-operating partner

x Consulted partner
Steps IV-V Implementation plan

Legend

Stakeholder is the main responsible for this

activity but will involve other stakeholders in the
` Responsible decision making process and the implementation
of the measure.

Stakeholder is involved in the measure but does

not have the ultimate responsibility; he will be
o Co-operating partner consulted and his opinion will seriously be taken
into account by the main responsible partner; he
might also take care of part of the implementation
Stakeholder is not responsible for the decision or
the measure but will be effected by the measure;
x Consulted partner the main responsible stakeholder will consult him
before the decision is taken or the measure is
implemented.
 Specific
responsibilities

MCWD: more
supply, demand
reduction

LGUs: the actual

implementer of
many measures

DENR: protecting
the resources and
governance

Private sector:
investments
 Time schedule
Action plan
Implementation Phase I
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan

Establishment WRMB
(Water Resources Management Board)
and Technical Secretariat is crucial !
• decide upon Action Plans
• support implementation process
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan

Monitoring

• Implementation by LGUs
• LGUs to report progress
and possible bottlenecks to Technical Secretariat
• TS to consolidate this into overall progress report
on Action Plan
• Discussion at Board level for decision making and
providing directions
• Will also provide input to updating of Action Plan
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Risk and risk management
As part of the implementation plan
• Implementation risks
• political and institutional risks: willingness to
cooperate?
• social risks: awareness, willingness to pay?
• environmental risks: sufficient priority?
• financial risks: funding investments?
• technical risks: accuracy of used data?

Natural risks and uncertainties

• geohazard risk: e.g. dam construction / faults
• calamities–drought periods: requires good management
• calamities – toxic spills: protection measures needed
 Steps IV-V Implementation plan
Communication and public awareness

• Essential for successful

implementation of Action Plan
 acceptance of unpopular
measures (e.g. cost recovery)
 achieving certain measures
(e.g. demand reduction)
• Requires
 open decision making (WRM
Board)
 Campaigns
 newsletters
• Cooperation with civil society
and business sector
Summary of the
IWRM Planning
Guidelines
Thanks