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Parameter Testing and Modeling of Excitation System for

No.1 Unit in Hanpingzui Hydropower Station


Xiaoying Zhang, Cunlu Dang, Jun Yan
School of Electrical and Information Engineering
Lanzhou University of Technology
Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
Zhxy525@gmail.com

Abstract—The paper introduces the excitation system parameter According to the field test data, the excitation system model for
test of No.1 unit in Gansu Hanpingzui Hydropower Station. stability calculation is set up and the model parameters are
According to the field test data, the excitation system model for obtained. The test results provide exact data for stability
stability calculation is set up and the model parameters are analysis and power dispatch. This study has important social
obtained. No-load 5% step response of No.1 unit is simulated by significance and economic benefit to guarantee power system
BPA simulation software. The simulation result indicates that the security and improve productivity for Gansu Province.
mathematical model and its parameters meet the actual situation
and the needs of stability analysis.
II. EXCITATION SYSTEM OF NO. 1 UNIT IN HANPINGZUI
Keywords-excitation system; parameter test; calculation; HYDROPOWER STATION
simulation The type of No.1 unit in Hanpingzui Hydropower Station is
SF-J24-28/5500. The rated power of the unit is 28 MVA, the
I. INTRODUCTION rated stator voltage is 10.5 kVac, the rated stator current is
Research and development in parameter testing and 1553 A, the rated power coefficient is 0.85 (phase lag), the
modeling of excitation system has been an area of significant rated field voltage is 135 Vdc and the rated field current is 700
activity for decades[1]. Further, because of the increasing A. The type of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is EXC-
complexity of present-day power system, this activity has 9000, which is made by Guangdong Electronic Power
rapidly increased in recent years. And it will continue to do so Research Institute.
because of the great economic significance of this field in the
evolving scenario of a restructured electric power industry[2]. III. EXCITATION PARAMETERS TEST
In order to obtain the credible result in stability calculation, it is
especially important to test generator parameters, excitation A. Generator No-load Test
system parameters, generator governor parameters and load Generator holds out at rated speed and no load. The
parameters. And these tests also provide exact data for stability excitation system adopts manual-mode. That's to say, cut off
analysis and power dispatch. In these tests, the excitation the connection between the high-voltage side of exciter
system parameters test that more and more engineers pay transformer and branch busbar, then connect the output of
attention to, is one of the most important tests[3,4]. The standby switchgear cabinet and the high-voltage side of exciter
performance of excitation system affects the static/dynamic transformer by cable. It is sure that the busbar is isolated from
stability and transient stability of power system. If different the transformer. Now, the voltage of high-voltage side of
excitation system models and their parameters are selected in exciter transformer is 10 kVac. Then, note the generator
stability calculation, the results will have great diversity. terminal voltage, generator field voltage and generator field
Therefore, in stability calculation, it is very important to select current with electrical measuring instrument WFLC during the
the accurate mathematical models and parameters which can test. The no-load performance of the generator is shown as Fig. 1.
reflect the equipment's operation state. Selecting accurate
model and parameters is also one of the available methods for
Generator Terminal

guaranteeing grid's security and improving productivity.


Voltage (Vac)

In the past, either the generator model with constant no-


load potential or the inaccurate excitation system model and its
parameters were selected in most power grid calculations.
Q/GDW 142-2006 provides the guidelines to model the
generator and requires to adopt accurate excitation system
model and actual parameters in calculations[6].
Generator Field Current (A)
The paper introduces the excitation system parameters test Figure 1. No-load characteristic curves
of No.1 unit in Gansu Hanpingzui Hydropower Station.

This work was supported by Excellent Youth Teacher Foundation of


Lanzhou University of Technology (No. Q200814) and GanSu
Provincial Natural Science Fund (No. 0809RJZA004).

978-1-4244-4813-5/10/$25.00 ©2010 IEEE


B. No-load Time Constant Test out at 95% rated generator voltage. Then, note the generator
Generator holds out at rated speed and no load. The terminal voltage, generator field current and AVR voltage with
automatic voltage regulator adopts manual-mode. And the electrical measuring instrument WFLC during the test. The
exterior AC voltage source supplies to excitation transformer. response curves are shown in Fig. 4 (Ug:generator terminal
While, AVR holds out at 50% rated generator terminal voltage. voltage, Uk:AVR voltage, IFD:generator field current).
Firstly, cut off the de-excitation switch, then shut it. During this
process, field voltage steps. Then, note the generator terminal
voltage, generator field voltage and generator field current with
electrical measuring instrument WFLC during the test. The
generator no-load time constant (T'd0) is shown as Fig. 2
(UAB:generator terminal voltage, UFD:generator field voltage,
IFD:generator field current).

Figure 4. 5% step response of generator

In Fig. 4, the oscillation number of 5% step response is


about 0.5, and the percent overshoot of voltage is about 10%.
The peak time is 1 second, and the settling time is 4.2 second.
The no-load step response performance index meets the
national and industrial standards' requirement.
Figure 2. Waveform of no-load time constant
IV. CALCULATION OF EXCITATION

C. Controlled angle αmax and αmin Test A. Calculation of p.u. and Reference Value
Generator holds out at rated speed and no load. The According to Fig. 1, the reference values of field circuit Ifb
automatic voltage regulator adopts manual-mode. And the are obtained. As is demonstrated in generator no-load
exterior AC voltage source supplies to excitation transformer. characteristic curves (See Fig. 1), while generator terminal
Modify generator voltage, and hold out at 20% rated generator voltage is equal to rated value (10.5 kVac), Ifb is equal to 405
voltage. 50% step is set in automatic voltage regulator. Then, A.
note the generator terminal voltage, generator field voltage and
generator field current with electrical measuring instrument Rfb—the generator field resistance, ratio between the rated
WFLC during the test (See Fig. 3, UAB:generator terminal generator field voltage (Ufn) and generator field current (Ifn).
voltage, UFD:generator field voltage, IFD:generator field Rfb is calculated as:
current).
Rfb = Ufn / Ifn = 135 / 700 = 0.19286 Ω (1)

Ufn— generator excitation system rated voltage


Ifn— generator excitation system rated current
Generator excitation system reference voltage Ufb is
calculated as:

Ufb = Ifb× Rfb = 405 × 0.19286 = 78.107 Vdc (2)

B. Calculation of Saturation Factor


According to Fig. 1, the saturation factor is obtained. As is
Figure 3. 50% step response under αmax and αmin
demonstrated in generator no-load characteristic curves (See
Fig.1), while generator terminal voltage is equal to rated value
D. No-load 5% Step Response of Generator (10.5 kVac), relevant current value is 417 A.
Generator holds out at rated speed, and the high-voltage The generator saturation factor SG1 is calculated as:
side of exciter transformer is connected with branch busbar
again. The automatic voltage regulator adopts automation-
mode and sets 5% step. Modify generator voltage, and hold SG1 = (417-405) / 405 = 0.0296 (3)
Similarly, as is demonstrated in generator no-load XP— equivalent impedance
characteristic curves, while generator terminal voltage is 1.2 The PID regulator of EXC-9000 AVR selects series
times of the rated value, relevant current values are 490 A and compensation method. Its transfer function is
575 A.
The saturation factor SG1.2 is calculated as: GP (S) = KR (1 + TA1S)(1 + TA3 S) / [(1+TA2 S)(1+TA4 S)] (11)

Where,
SG1.2 = (575-490) / 490 = 0.1735 (4)
TA1 = 0, TA2 = 0 , TA3 = 1, TA4 = 4, KR = 11.
C. Calculation of Controlled Angle
V. SELECTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF EXCITATION
According to Fig. 3, the maximum voltage UFDmax of
SYSTEM
generator field voltage is 358.718 Vdc, and the minimum
voltage UFDmin of generator field voltage is -254.822 Vdc. According to the results of parameter test and calculation,
While, the actual anode voltage U2 is 277 V. Then, the the mathematical model adopts FV self excitation system
controlled angles are calculated as: model of power system analysis software BPA in stability
calculation[5]. Fig. 5 is the block diagram of FV self excitation
system model, and the parameters are list on TABLE Ⅰ.
αmax = COS-1 (UFDmax / 1.35 U2)
= COS-1 (358.718 / 1.35 × 277) (5)
= 16.4 º TABLE I. THE MODEL PARAMETERS OF FV SELF STATIC
EXCITATION SYSTEM
αmin = COS-1 (UFDmin / 1.35 U2)
= COS-1 (-254.822 / 1.35 × 277) (6) Parameter Names Test Value
= 132.9 º Input filter time constant TR of AVR 0.01 s
Internal maximum voltage VAMAX of AVR 10.0 p.u.
In EXC-9000 excitation system, the designed phase shift Internal minimum voltage VAMIN of AVR -10.0 p.u.
angle of controlled SCR bridge ranges from 13.2º to 132º, but T1 0s
the actual phase shift angle ranges from 16.4º to 132.9º. T2 0s
Concerning the nonlinear components in field circuit, the test T3 1s
results are in accordance with the designed values of automatic T4 4s
voltage regulator.
Adjustment Gain K 200 p.u.
PID integrator selectivity factor Kv 1 p.u.
D. Calculation of AVR Parameter
Voltage regulator gain KA 1 p.u.
The rated voltage of secondary winding of exciter Voltage regulator Lag-time Constant TA 0.01 s
transformer U2 is 270 V, then
Maximum output voltage VRMAX of AVR 4.54 p.u.
Minimum output voltage VRMAX of AVR -3.12 p.u.
Urmax= 1.35 U2 COSαmax / Ufb gain KF 0 p.u.
= 1.35 × 270 × COS 13.2º / 78.107 (7) PSS time constant TF 1.0 s
= 4.54 p.u.
load factor KC of phase conversion reactance rectifier 0.036 p.u.

Urmax= 1.35 U2 COSαmin / Ufb


= 1.35 × 270 × COS 132º / 78.107 (8)
= -3.12 p.u. VI. NO-LOAD 5% STEP RESPOND SIMULATION

Ufmax = Kcu Ufn / Ufb = 2.0 × 135 / 78.107 = 3.46 p.u. (9) A. Simulation Software BPA [5]
Since 1960s, Bonneville Power Administration has
programmed a computer programme named BPA for off-line
XP = 3 UK U22 Ifb / πUfbSn analysis of power system. BPA was predominantly used to
= 3 × 0.04 × 2702 × 405 / 3.14 × 78.107 calculate power flow and to analyse transient stability. China
× 400 × 1000 Electronic Power Research Institute (CEPRI) programmed a
= 0.036 p.u. similar computer programme based on BPA. CEPRI named it
(10) BPA China Edition, and this programme plays a major role in
power system analyzing and calculating in China. BPA China
Where, Edition that contains 9 kinds traditional excitation models and
11 kinds IEEE models could simulate many kinds of d.c.
Urmax— maximum value of AVR output
exciter, a.c. exciter, and static exciter.
Urmin— minimum value of AVR output
Ufmax— maximum value of field voltage
Kcu— field force gain. Kcu is 2.0.
Figure 5. FV self excitation system model
B. Simulation
According to the obtained parameters (See TABLE Ⅰ), 5%
no-load step response of generator is simulated based on BPA.
The simulation result is shown in Fig. 6. The simulation result
indicates that the mathematical model and its parameters meet
the actual situation and the needs of stability analysis.
REFERENCES

[1] You-xin TAN and Si-li FANG, “Excitation system parameter test and its
analysis,” China Power. Beijing, vol. 30, pp. 31–33, April 1997.
[2] Yong-qi LIU, Wei-min SU, Tao WU, Dan LI, and Wei-min
LEI,“Modeling and parameter testing and recognition for excitation
systems of high-capacity generators in North China power grid,” Power
System Technology. Beijing, vol. 31, pp. 64–71, March 2007.
[3] Jun SUO, Ke-qin SHI, Yue FAN, and Shuan-bao LIU,“Simulation and
measurement of excitation system parameters for No. 3 unit in Weihe
Power Plant,” Power System Technology. Beijing, vol. 31, pp. 72–74,
March 2007.
[4] Hui-song WEN, “Excitation parameters measurement and simulation of
generator set,” Technological Development of Enterprise. Changsha,
vol. 26, pp. 36–38, June 2007.
[5] China Electronic Power Research Institute, BPA Programme User
Figure 6. No-load 5% step response simulation curves Handbook, in press.
[6] Q/GDW 142-2006, State Grid Corporation of China. Q/GWD 142-2006
Guide for Modeling excitation system of synchronous machines, 2006.
VII. CONCLUSION
The paper summarizes the process of excitation parameters
test for No.1 unit in Hanpingzui Hydropower Station.
According to the test results, some parameters are obtained,
such as generator saturation factor, generator no-load time
constant and AVR output limits. The 5% no-load step response
simulation model of generator excitation system is set up. The
simulation results check the model parameters of excitation
system and provide exact data for stability calculation and
power dispatch.

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