Momentum Integral Estimates

Total drag force on ∆𝑥

𝐹𝐷 = 𝜏𝑜 𝑏∆𝑥
For the growth of B.L There has to be constant in flux of mass
across the outer edge BC in to the boundary layer. dy
Mass flow rate through the element of thickness dy y
𝛿
𝑚ሶ 𝐴𝐵 = ‫׬‬0 𝜌𝑈𝑏𝑑𝑦
dx

𝜕𝑚ሶ 𝐴𝐵
𝑚ሶ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝑚ሶ 𝐴𝐵 + 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑥

𝜕 𝛿
𝑚ሶ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑚ሶ 𝐷𝐶 - 𝑚ሶ 𝐴𝐵 = (‫׬‬0 𝜌𝑈𝑏𝑑𝑦)dx
𝜕𝑥
Approximation velocity profile The Momentum-Integral Equation initially
contains too many unknowns to solve the equation. We need to
approximate the velocity profile and assume that this velocity profile has
the same shape everywhere in the boundary layer, i.e. is self-similar. We
will begin with a velocity profile depending on 𝜼, which is a dimensionless
𝒚
parameter (𝜼 = )
𝜹

Cubic velocity profile:

By putting velocity profile in The Momentum-Integral Equation:

𝜹 𝟒.𝟔𝟒 𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒
= 𝟏 and 𝒄𝒇 = 𝟏
𝒙
𝑹𝒆𝒙 𝟐 𝑹𝒆𝒙 𝟐
Governing Equation
Conservation of Mass Equation:
Conservation of Momentum Equations:
the net force acting on the control volume is equal to the mass times
the acceleration of the fluid element within the control volume, which is
also equal to the net rate of momentum outflow from the control
volume.
Fluid Flow in Pipes
Thermal Boundary Layer
 The mechanism of heat transfer in any convection heat
transfer mode is Ist heat get conducted through the
stagnant fluid layer at y=0 nd than while conducted
through the fluid layers in the y direction heat is also
simultaneously convected or transported by the moving
fluid layers entering and leaving from the boundary layer.
 Just similar to HBL inside which velocity gradient are seen in the
normal direction to the plate TBL is also a thin region inside
which temp. gradients are seen in the normal direction to the
plate. The gradients are formed due to heat diffusion or heat
transfer between the plate and the flowing fluid.
No-Temperature-Jump condition
 Since the value of spatial gradient of temperature with in the fluid at y=0 decrease
with increase in x, therefore “h” also decreases with increases in x
Conservation of Energy Equation
 Then the energy equation for the steady two-
dimensional flow of a fluid with constant properties
and negligible shear stresses is: