PRESENTED BY: TAYDE

IS CONSUMING PROCESSED COOK AND BRANDON

SOY RELATED TO BREAST HARPER

SPONSORED BY: THE

CANCER AMONG VEGETARIANS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
AT ANDREWS UNIVERSITY? HEALTH, NUTRITION
AND WELLNESS
RESEARCH GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

“To investigate the 1. To measure the

relationship frequency of breast
between processed cancer in
soy and breast vegetarians at
cancer” Andrews University.

3. To determine if
2. To determine if
consumption of Isoflavones,
processed soy has
correlate with the risk of
any impact on
Breast Cancer in vegetarians
breast cancer risk
within Andrews University.
BACKGROUND

What is breast cancer?

One of the most common types of Cancer

1 in 8 women will be diagnosed in their

lifetime
2,470 on average men will be diagnosed a
year
BACKGROUND

Contains
What is It is a phytoestrogens
Consumed
soy? bean which target in many
reproductive different
tissues including forms
the breasts
LITERATURE REVIEW

• Inconclusive
• Most articles claim health
benefits
• Depends on health status
and age
PURPOSE

• To give definite information so that

individuals may make a decision
about consuming soy without being
guided by fear or misconceptions.
NULL HYPOTHESIS

• There is no relation between high levels of soy consumption and breast cancer
 This is a Focused on
Cross analyzing
DESIGN Sectional data at one
Study point in time
METHODS

• Focused on Berrien County which possess a population of 154,259

• Strong Presence of Vegetarians
• Ideal sample size including attrition rate would be: 200 participants
 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
INCLUSION EXCLUSION
• Under the age of 18 or over the age
• Between 18-75 years old of 75
• Consume meat or meat products
• Fully Vegetarian • Living in Berrien County Less than a
year
• Living in Berrien County • Pregnant Women
for over a year • Allergic to Soy
• Alcohol
• Smoking
QUESTIONNAIRE AND IRB REQUIREMENTS

Explain study Assure confidentiality Review consent form

SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE

How often do you consume meat?

1. Never 2. Occasionally 3. Sometimes 4. All the time
Have you been diagnosed with breast cancer before?
Yes/No
VARIABLES

• Includes ranked and binomial variables

• Independent Variable: soy consumption
• Dependent Variable: breast cancer rates
STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS
STRENGTHS
• Strong presence of vegetarians
• No strong presence of contaminants
• Wide variety of age groups
• Diverse population
LIMITATIONS
• Sample confined to one area
• Limited amount of funding
• Similar beliefs and lifestyle
 University Income is $1,000

Personnel: $300.00

Travel: $100.00

Software:$300.00

University Costs: $100.00

Questionnaire: $200.00

BUDGET
Timeline January February March April May June July

Brainstorming X
Literature
Review X
Goals &
Objective X

Protocol X X
Form
Questionnaire X X
Hand out
Questionnaire X X X X

Record data X
CONCLUSION

 IF STUDY IS SUCCESSFUL:
 RUN AT VARIOUS ADVENTIST COLLEGES IN
THE UNITED STATES
 RECEIVE BIGGER FUNDS
REFERENCES

• Craig, W. J. (1999). Nutrition and wellness: A vegetarian way to better health. Berrien
Springs, MI: Golden Harvest Books.
• Nbcf. (n.d.). Breast Cancer Facts :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation. Retrieved
from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts
• U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Berrien County, Michigan. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/berriencountymichigan
 Dr. Anjejo

THANK YOU Dr. Uppala

Listeners

Questions?
Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

Is Consuming Processed Soy Related to Breast Cancer Among Vegetarians in

Andrews University?

Abstract:
In this study, the correlation between breast cancer and soy consumption will be explored

in the population of Andrews University and the community that surrounds it. This study will

involve vegetarians who will range in age, sex, race, and marital status who belong to the Berrien

county in Michigan.

Background:
One of the most common types of cancer is breast cancer. Although is has been on a

steady decline, breast cancer is an issue that still impacts many individuals, especially women, in

the United States. Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues

of the breast. “One in eight women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer in

their lifetime” and “an estimated 2,470 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer and

approximately 460 will die each year” (​The National Breast Cancer Foundation​). There are a

number of factors that contribute to breast cancer development and in recent years soy

consumption has been suggested, by different sources, to prevent breast cancer, while others

suggest that high levels of soy consumption may increase the risk of breast cancer. Overall, the

literature does not give one clear opinion on the this topic and the review may be classified as

inconclusive.

In an attempt to address this issue, the study will focus on the population of Berrien

County which displays large levels of vegetarian and vegan individuals. Using the cross sectional

study approach, this study will assess the Berrien county population and their soy consumption at

one point in time and come to a conclusion of the correlation between soy consumption and
Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

breast cancer.

Study Goal/ Aim:

To investigate the relationship between processed soy and breast cancer.

Objective:
1. To measure the frequency of breast cancer in vegetarians at Andrews University.
2. To determine if processed soy has any impact on breast cancer risk.
3. To determine if consumption of Isoflavones, correlate with the risk of Breast Cancer in
vegetarians within Andrews University.

Null Hypothesis
There is not correlation between high consumption levels of processed soy and breast
cancer rates.

Study Design and Population

This will be a cross sectional study that will focus on analyzing the data collected by

using questionnaires. These questionnaires will be distributed to the population of Andrews

University and its community. This is an ideal population to conduct this study due to the

154,259 inhabitants and it’s strong presence of vegetarians. For this reason, a group of about 200

participants would provide sufficient information for this project.

Inclusion and Exclusion

Participants will have to meet certain requirements to be eligible in this study, such as

being between the ages of 18 and 75, meet the qualifications of having a completely vegetarian

diet, and belong to the Berrien Springs community for at least a year.

The exclusion criteria includes individuals who consume meat, are over the age of 75 and

have resided in the Berrien County area for less than one year and pregnant women. Other details

of exclusion will include people who consume alcohol and/ or smoke.

Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

Study Population

Questionnaires will be handed out to people in order to inquire about the individual’s

eating habits, the frequency with which they consume soy if at all, past history-- if any with

breast cancer and how long they have belonged to the Andrews University community. Upon the

completion of the questionnaire, the applicant’s inclusion criteria will be evaluated in order to

determine if they meet the qualifications of having a completely vegetarian diet, being at least

the age of 18 and belonging to the Andrews University community for at least a year.

IRB Requirements

This study will meet all of the standards and requirements stated by the IRB in order to

ensure ethical practices and protect all participants. The researchers will go over the study with

the participants and address in detail the components of the study in its entirety and disclose

everything. After the participants have understood and agreed to the parameters of the study a

consent form will be signed and the study will begin. For this study, the independent variable is

soy consumption and the dependent variables include breast cancer rates which will be watched

closely. Along with these variables the questionnaire will include ranked and binomial variables

that will assessed once all of the questionnaires are turned in.

Analysis

After the data has been collected, it will be analyzed in to evaluate the levels of soy

consumption stated by each individual in the questionnaires and cross referenced with the data

collected related to breast cancer. This process is estimated to last about eight months beginning

in January 2019 and concluding in June 2019.

Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

Budget:

Given the University grant of $1,000 dollars that will be allotted to our research, our

budget will include the costs of printing the questionnaires, paying personnel, travel, the use of

software and space used from Andrews University.

Limitations and Recommendations:

Overall, this study has the potential to make a difference in many people’s lives and

provide a clear view of the correlation between soy and breast cancer. Some limitations that will

be addressed in future adaptations of this study, should this study be approved, consist of certain

elements. This study will be held in a very small population and it is indicative of a small area.

Although the population is very ethnically diverse many possess same beliefs due to the high

influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist beliefs, which may be representative on certain

populations. However, this may be beneficial, in the future should there be a desire to expand

this study to Adventist Universities across the United States in order to broaden our samples.

Furthermore, the Seventh-Day Adventist population lifestyles eliminate the chances of

Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

confounders. In order to achieve the study in greater scales larger funds will be necessary; this

adaptation would require higher budget.

Timeline:

January February March April May June July

Brainstorming X
Literature Review X
Goals & Objective X
Protocol X X
Form
Questionnaire X X
Hand out
Questionnaire X X X X
Record data X
Tayde Cook and Brandon Harper Dec, 13th 2018

References

Craig, W. J. (1999). Nutrition and wellness: A vegetarian way to better health. Berrien Springs,
MI: Golden Harvest Books.

Nbcf. (n.d.). Breast Cancer Facts :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation. Retrieved from
https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Berrien County, Michigan. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/berriencountymichigan