®

• Field Erected or Pre-Assembled

Units
• Flow Rate 0.1 – 20,000 m3/h Fluidized Bed Reactor Technology
• (>120 MGD)
• Modular Expansion
• Site Specific Materials Selection
efficient water treatment…
without waste
IS THE CRYSTALACTOR®
RIGHT FOR YOU?

Download and complete the water

treatment questionnaire at

www.crystalactorusa.com SKID PILOT PLANTS / SIZING

Alternatively, call MOUNTED UNITS

800-449-8777 x210
• For small and medium sized units
You may be eligible for • Easy to operate
a pilot study... • Short construction period

WATE
R SOF
TENIN
G L
EMOVA
PH ORUS R
Get To This: P HOS

And This:

From This:

While Reducing This:

For more information on products and services contact:

Procorp, Inc.
Wauwatosa, WI
800-449-8777
414-258-8777

www.procorpinc.com or www.crystalactorusa.com
Email: solutions@procorpinc.com
The Crystalactor is a registered trademark of DHV Water BV, the Netherlands
TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES
The Crystalactor® is a fluidized-bed crystallizer utilized for water softening and/or phosphorus removal in
industrial and municipal applications. The technology, developed and patented by DHV WATER BV, the
Netherlands, has been used in over 50 facilities worldwide. Full-scale Crystalactor operations vary in size WATER SOFTENING ADVANTAGES PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL ADVANTAGES
for flows up to 119 MGD (450,000 m3/D). Procorp, Inc. (Procorp), the U.S. licensee of the Crystalactor, is • Reduces Effluent Chlorides • Less Sludge than with Precipitation (approx.
running several pilots with full-scale operations completed and underway. • Decreases Electronic Conductivity one cubic foot per 100,000 gallons)
The heart of the treatment plant is the pellet reactor, a device partially filled with a suitable seed material • Eliminates Phosphorus Applied to Land
• Lowers Total Dissolvable Solids (TDS)
such as sand or minerals. The water is pumped in an upward direction maintaining the pellet bed in a
fluidized state. In order to crystallize the target component, a driving force is created by a reagent dosage • Easily Maintained • Operating Cost Reduction
and pH-adjustment. • Can Be "Skid Mounted" • Produces Potentially Reusable Pellets
• Reduces Need for Individual, Residential • More Efficient than other Methods on High
By selecting the appropriate process conditions, co-crystallization of impurities can be minimized and high- Water Softeners Phosphorus Concentrations
purity crystals are obtained. The pellets grow and move towards the reactor bottom. At regular intervals, the
fluidized pellets are discharged from the reactor and fresh seed material is added with no disruption to the
process. After atmospheric drying, readily handled and virtually water-free pellets are obtained.

NO RESIDUAL WASTE
A major advantage of the Crystalactor® is its ability to produce highly pure,
APPLICATIONS nearly dry pellets. Due to their excellent composition, the pellets can normally
be recycled or reused in other plants, resulting in no residual waste for disposal.
WATER SOFTENING PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL
In the event that pellets must be disposed of by other means, the advantage of
All crystalline salts can potentially be removed from water or Phosphate removal and recovery by means of
wastewater. Based upon the water or wastewater crystallization is possible using several process low-volume secondary waste production still remains: Water-free pellets, no
characteristics, Procorp can determine the best alternatives strategies such as: bulky sludge.
for your specific application. • Crystallization as calcium phosphate (CP)
• Supplements effectiveness of reverse osmosis (RO)
• Crystallization as magnesium phosphate (MP)
systems
• Crystallization as magnesium ammonium
• Enhances effectiveness of ion exchange systems
phosphate (MAP or struvite) COMPACT: FOUR STEPS IN ONE
• Easily tailored to inlet water quality and customer
requirements Conventional
The desired strategy is dependent upon the type of
There are approximately 30 operational installations
reagent and the desired effluent quality.
worldwide for softening of drinking water. In some cases,
• Recognized as a “clean” technology
crystallization is combined with techniques such as Ion- Coagulation Flocculation Sludge/Water Filtration
• Sludge can become a useful by-product rather than Feed Effluent
Exchange and RO to combat difficult wastewater issues. a waste
Ion Exchange - Crystallization • Pure, granular solids are produced Optional
With Ion exchange, deep hardness (calcium/magnesium) • Solids are self-dewatering to approximately 95% Sludge
removal in drinking and process water is feasible. Regularly, The crystallization process is applicable in both the
the resin is regenerated with a concentrated NaCl solution. main-stream or in a side-stream when combined with
The regenerate is often disposed through the sewers. An Waste sludge
alternative is to use the Crystalactor to remove hardness from
biological wastewater treatment. Crystalactor®
this regenerate with soda ash (Na2CO3) as a reagent,
Calcium Phosphate Feed Crystalactor® Filtration Effluent
resulting in the production of CaCO3
Combining the Crystalactor® with biological
pellets. The effluent of the
phosphorus removal (BPR) in the mainstream and Optional
crystallization reactor can then be Reusable
utilizing crystallization in the sidestream can be ideal in
reused for the regeneration of the Pellets
applications with a low inlet phosphate concentration
resin. This combination is especially
(< 10 ppm P) such as municipal wastewater treatment.
interesting if one has or expects
REDUCES SLUDGE VOLUME FROM WATER
chloride restrictions. COMPOSITION BY-PRODUCTS
TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Reverse Osmosis - Crystallization Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate
In the food industry, waste waters with a high organic Chemical precipitation alternatives significantly increase the
The use of Reverse Osmosis for
load are released. In the example of a potato volume and mass of sludge generated by the water and
softening results in a (softened)
permeate stream (75-85 vol.%) and a
processing plant, the water is treated in an anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. Use of the Crystalactor®
biological reactor yielding the benefits of even lower technology allows each facility to reduce current sludge 90-95% water
concentrate stream (15-25 vol.%) with elevated hardness 20-40%
sludge production, low energy consumption and biogas generation volumes. Increased costs associated with sludge
levels. This stream is mostly disposed of to the sewers. The seed material
production. The effluent was polished in an aerobic disposal and management from chemical precipitation
Crystalactor can be applied to remove the hardness from this
biological treatment plant and cost-effective phosphate Removed
concentrate. The effluent from the crystallization step can systems, such as ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate, are
removal in the crystallization reactor was implemented.
then be used for further (ultrapure) water preparation or could avoided. As a rule of thumb, approximately one cubic foot of 1-5%
be recycled to the inlet of the RO system to save on raw pellets are generated for every 100,000 gallons of water
water consumption. treated.