BAULKHAM HILLS

HIGH SCHOOL
Year 10 GEOGRAPHY  
FINAL EXAMINATION 

2018
Year 10 Geography
General Instructions Total marks – 50 marks
● Reading time – 5 minutes
● Working time – 1 hour Section I: Pages 2-5
● Write using black or blue pen Multiple Choice
● Board- approved calculators may be used 15 marks
● Attempt​​Questions 1-15
● Allow 15 minutes for this section

Section II​: ​Pages 6-10

Short Answer
20 marks
● Attempt​​Questions 16 and 17
● Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Section III: Page 11

Extended Response
15 marks
● Attempt Question 18 OR Question 19
● Allow about 20 minutes for this section

Question Mark
Multiple Choice Q1-15 / 15
Short Answer Q16 /9
Short Answer Q17 / 11

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Extended Response Q18 OR Q19 / 15
TOTAL / 50

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Section I

15 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 15
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-15.

Refer to the diagram of the ​Antarctic Food Web​below to answer ​Questions 1 to 3.

1. Which of the species would be defined as a producer?

A. Krill
B. Killer whale
C. Sea Bird
D. Phytoplankton

2. Which of these species would be identified as the top or apex predator in this food web?

A. Squid
B. Killer whale
C. Krill
D. Emperor Penguin

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3. What could present as a threat to this ecosystem?

A. Overharvesting of krill
B. Runoff from agriculture
C. Coral bleaching
D. Increased wind speeds on land

4. What is an impact that could result from excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous
runoff?

A. Increase in tourist numbers

B. Increase in water clarity
C. Increase in algal blooms
D. Increase in coral diversity

5. What is one way humans increase nutrients such as phosphorous in the soil?

A. Removing topsoil
B. Applying fertilisers
C. Using heavy machinery
D. Encouraging tree growth

6. Which of the following contributes to increases in carbon dioxide?

A. Decreased fossil fuel use

B. Increased land clearing
C. Decreased deforestation
D. Increased renewable energy use

7. As well as enhancing the greenhouse effect, what other problem could an increase in
atmospheric carbon dioxide contribute to?

A. Increasing the acidity of the oceans

B. Increasing the salinity of the oceans
C. Increasing the alkalinity of the oceans
D. Reducing the water temperature of the oceans

8. What does the term biodiversity mean?

A. Having a large number of plants and animals facing extinction

B. Having a large number of species of plants and animals facing extinction
C. Having a large number of plants and animals in an environment
D. Having a larger number of species of plants and animals in an environment

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Refer to the graph below to answer ​Questions 9 - 10

9. Which category of countries has the lowest number of deaths of children under the age of
five per 1000?

A. Low income countries

B. Lower middle income countries
C. Middle income countries
D. High income countries

10. Which nations have the lowest average life expectancy?

A. High income countries

B. Higher middle income countries
C. Lower middle income countries
D. Low-income countries.

11. What would be a useful policy to help reduce sediment runoff into Sydney Harbour?

A. Reducing the number of ferries in the harbour

B. Reducing the number of plastic bags in use
C. Using sediment traps on stormwater drains
D. Increasing the amount of building on the harbour shores

12. Which of the following terms refers to resources that are not depleted by current use?

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 A. Non renwable
B. Renewable
C. Intergenerational equity
D. Intragenerational equity

13. What is the total value of the goods and services that are produced every year by a
nation?

A. Human Well Being Index

B. Human Development Index
C. Gross Domestic Product
D. Gross Development Product

14. Which of the following is an indicator of human wellbeing?

A. The number of universities in a country

B. The growth in the number of millionaires in a country
C. Average life expectancy in a country
D. The frequency of earthquakes per year in a country

15. Which continent has the greatest number of nations with low levels of human wellbeing?

A. Africa
B. South America
C. Europe
D. Australia

End of Section I

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Section II

20 marks
Attempt Questions 16 and 17
Allow about 25 minutes for this
section

Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected
length of response.

Extra writing paper is provided on page 10. If you use this space, clearly indicate which
question you are answering.
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Question 16 ​(9 marks)

a) ​
What are​​microplastics?​ 1

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b) Explain TWO impacts of microplastics on the environment. ​4

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Question 16 continues on page 7

Question 16 (continued)

c) Explain TWO strategies to manage microplastics in the environment. 4

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 End of Question 16

Question 17 ​(11 marks)

a) Draw and label ​ONE​of the following cycles in the box above. ​(4 marks)

● Carbon cycle and/or Oxygen cycle

● Phosphorous cycle
● Nitrogen cycle
● Hydrological cycle

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 Question 17 continues on page 9

Question 17 (continued)

b) Explain the processes that are occurring in the diagram that you have drawn. 4

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Outline the human impacts on the cycle that you have drawn. 3

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End of Question 17

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Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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Section III – Extended Response Question

15 marks
Attempt either Question 18 or Question 19
Answer Section III in the writing booklet provided

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In this section you will be assessed on how well you

● present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question

● communicate geographical information, ideas and issues
● refer to appropriate case studies and examples where appropriate

Question​​
18 ​(15 marks)

With specific reference to an environment and/or location you have studied, ​discuss ​the biophysical
interactions and human impacts involved.

OR

Question​​
19 ​(15 marks)

With specific reference to an environment and/or location you have studied, ​discuss​the issues and
responses in the marine environment.
(​
NOTE​ : You CANNOT focus on microplastics.)

End of Paper

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