Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations Dec - 2012

THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Com. to ME, AME)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks

1. a) Explain how specific fuel consumption varies with power for i) air standard cycle ii) fuel air
cycle iii) actual cycle
b) What is meant by burning time loss, explain with the help of p-v diagram

2. a) Explain with a neat sketch, valve timing diagram for a four stroke SI engine
b) Explain with a neat sketch, working of a simple carburetor

3. a) Explain the combustion phenomenon in an S.I engine.

b) Explain the effect of various engine variables on S.I engine knock.

4. a) Explain the phenomenon of knock in C.I engines and compare it with S.I engine knock
b) Explain with suitable sketches working of air cell combustion chamber

5. a) Explain briefly the variables affecting performance characteristics

b) A six cylinder gasoline engine operates on a four stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder is
80mm and the stroke is 100mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70cc. At a speed of 4000
rpm the fuel consumption is 20kg/h and the torque developed is 150 Nm. Calculate i) brake
power ii) brake mean effective pressure iii) brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value of
the fuel is 43000 kJ/kg.

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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 1

6. a) Explain three methods usually adopted to control the quantity of air delivered by
reciprocating air compressor and discuss its merits and demerits.
b) A three stage compressor is used to compress air from 1.0 bar to 35 bar. The compression in
all stages follows PV1.25 = C. The temperature of air at the inlet to the compressor is 300K.
Neglecting the clearance and assuming perfect intercooling, find out the indicated power
required in kW to deliver 15 m3 of air per minute measured at inlet conditions and intermediate
pressures also. Take R = 0.287 kJ/kg K.

7. a) Explain with simple sketch, working of a Lysholm compressor

b) Air at a temperature of 300K flows in a centrifugal compressor running at 18000 rpm.
Isentropic total head efficiency is 0.76, outer diameter of the blade tip is 550 mm, slip factor is
0.83, calculate i) temperature rise of air passing through the compressor ii) static pressure ratio.
Assume that the absolute velocities of air at inlet and exit of the compressor are same.

8. a) A axial compressor having eight stages and 50% reaction design compresses air in a pressure
ratio of 4:1. the air enters the compressor at 200C and flows with a constant speed of 90m/s. the
rotating blades of the compressor rotates with a mean speed of 180 m/s. isentropic efficiency of
the compressor may be taken as 82%. Calculate work done and blade angles.
b) Explain with a suitable graph phenomenon of surging and chocking in a rotary compressor.

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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 2

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations Dec - 2012

THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Com. to ME, AME)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks

1. a) Discuss the effects of the following variables on pressure and temperature at salient points of
Otto cycle on the basis of fuel air cycle. i) compression ratio ii) fuel air ratio
b) What is exhaust blow down loss. Discuss on the optimum opening position of the exhaust
valve to reduce this loss.

2. a) Explain with a neat sketch, port timing diagram for a two stroke CI engine
b) Explain with a simple sketch, working of Bosch fuel injection system

3. a) Discuss the variables affecting flame speed in SI engines.

b) Discuss about the basic requirements of SI engine combustion chambers

4. a) Explain with suitable graphs combustion phenomenon in a CI engine

b) Explain briefly the effect of engine variables on knock

5. a) The fuel supply to a diesel engine has a gross calorific value of 44800 kJ/kg and contains
85.4% C and 12.3%H2. The average temperature of the exhaust gases is 260 0C and the
volumetric analysis gives CO2 : 5.77%, CO: 0.12%,O2: 13.09%,N2: 81.02% by difference. Find
i) heat carried away by the exhaust gases expressed as percentage of heat supplied ii) the mass
of air per kg of fuel in excess of the theoretically required for complete combustion. Take mean
specific heat of dry air exhaust gas as 1kJ/kgK and atmospheric temperature as 170C.
b) Discuss briefly methods available for improving performance of an engine

6. a) Derive an expression for volumetric efficiency as a function of clearance ratio.

b) A single stage single acting air compressor delivers 0.6 kg of air per minute at 6 bar. The
temperature and pressure at the end of suction stroke are 30 0C and 1 bar. The bore and the
stroke of the compressor are 100 mm and 150mm respectively. The clearance is 5% of the
swept volume. Assume index of compression and expansion be 1.3. Find (i) volumetric
efficiency of the compressor (ii) power required if the mechanical efficiency is 85% (iii) speed
of the compressor.

7. a) A centrifugal compressor with 70% isentropic efficiency delivers 20 kg of air per minute at a
pressure of 3 bar. If the compressor receives air at 20 0C and at a pressure of 1 bar, find the
actual temperature of air at exit. Also find the power required to run the compressor if its
mechanical efficiency is 95%.
b) Differentiate between axial and centrifugal compressors.

8. a) Explain with suitable figures construction of a axial compressor with its velocity triangles.
b) Derive a suitable expression for degree of reaction for an axial compressor.

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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 3

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations Dec - 2012

THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Com. to ME, AME)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks

1. a)Assuming fuel air cycle approximation, where does the maximum pressure and
temperature occurs in a constant volume cycle and why. When is the maximum power
produced.
b) What is the effect of direct heat loss on p-v diagram of an Otto cycle engine, how much
efficiency would be increased if the direct heat loss is completely recovered or eliminated?

2. a) Explain with a simple sketch, working of a battery ignition system.

b) What is meant by SAE 40 and significance of the numerical value? Explain with a simple
sketch working of a forced lubrication system.

3. a) What is delay period and what are the factors which affect delay period
b) Explain with simple sketches, combustion chambers for SI engines

4. a) Explain with suitable graphs abnormal combustion in CI engine

b) Explain briefly the three methods of generating swirls in CI engine combustion chambers.

5. a) The following details were noted in a test on a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine, diameter
=100mm, speed of the engine = 1600mm, stroke = 120mm, fuel consumption = 0.2 kg/min;
calorific value = 44000 kJ/kg, difference in tension on either side of the brake pulley = 40
kg, brake circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is 80%, calculate i) brake
thermal efficiency ii) indicated thermal efficiency iii) indicated mean effective pressure and
iv) brake specific fuel consumption
b) What are the components in exhaust gas and why stringent norms are being enforced to
reduce emissions?

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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 3

6. a) What is the effect of atmospheric conditions on the output of the compressor, derive an
expression for volumetric efficiency for ambient conditions
b) An air compressor works between the pressure limits of 1.43 bar and 7.2 bar and sucks in
10m3 per minute of air at 15°C. If the compression process varies from isentropic with γ
= 1.4 to isothermal determine the work done per minute during compression process alone
for both the cases. How will this get affected for compression process with compression
index n = 1.25.

7. a) Discuss the fields of application of centrifugal and axial flow compressors. Explain why
axial compressors are largely used for aviation gas turbines.
b) A centrifugal compressor is desired to have a total pressure ratio of 3.5:1. The inlet eye of
the compressor impeller is 30cm in diameter. The axial velocity at inlet is 130m/s and mass
flow is 10 kg/s. The velocity in the delivery duct is 115 m/s. the tip speed of the impeller is
450m/s and runs at 16000 rpm with total head isentropic efficiency of 78% and pressure
coefficient of 0.72. The ambient conditions are 1.013 bar and 15 0C. Calculate i) static
pressure ratio ii) static pressure and temperature at inlet and outlet of compressor.

8. a) Explain with a simple sketch construction and working of a axial compressor.

b) A symmetrical blading axial flow compressor has an airflow with axial velocity of 145
m/s. The blading is designed for 50% reaction at mean diameter. Pressure ratio is 1.5 and
isentropic efficiency is 86 %. Assuming that the flow is of Vortex type, estimate the degree
of reaction at the root and tip of the blade, if the ratio of inside diameter to outside diameter
is 0.75. The inlet conditions to compressor correspond to standard state sea level

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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 4

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations Dec - 2012

THERMAL ENGINEERING - I
(Com. to ME, AME)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks

1. a) Compare Carnot, Stirling and Ericsson cycles operating between the same source and sink
temperatures with equal changes in specific volume.
b) What are pumping and rubbing friction loss, compare the actual and fuel air cycle in a diesel
engine.

2. a) Explain with a simple sketch, working of a Wankel engine.

b) What is the difference between air standard cycle approximation, fuel air cycle
approximation and real cycle performance?

3. a) What is abnormal combustion, explain with supportive figures the concept of abnormal
combustion
b) What are fuel requirements for a SI engine and what are the additives generally added to
prevent knock during combustion.

4. a) What is meant by combustion induced swirl, why turbulent type combustion chambers cause
higher heat transfer than non turbulent type.
b) Describe the methods of suppressing knock in CI engines.

5. a) Explain with a suitable sketch principle of viscous air flow meter. What is the advantage
over orifice meter?
b) A four cylinder four stroke S.I engine has a compression ratio of 8 and bore of 100 mm, with
stroke equal to bore. The volumetric efficiency of each cylinder is equal to 75%. The engine
operates at a speed of 4800 r.p.m with an air-fuel ratio 15. Given that calorific value = 42
MJ/kg, atmospheric density = 1.12 kg/m3, mean effective pressure in the cylinder = 10bar and
mechanical efficiency of the engine = 80%. Determine the indicated thermal efficiency and the
brake power.
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Code No: V0322 R07 SET - 4

6. a) What is meant by volumetric efficiency of the compressor, explain how clearance volume
effects it.
b) The free air delivery of a single cylinder single stage reciprocating air compressor is 2.5
m3/min. The ambient air is at STP conditions and delivery pressure is 7 bar. The clearance
volume is 5% of the stroke volume and law of compression and expansion is PV1.25 = constant.
If L = 1.2 D and compressor runs at 150 rpm, determine the size of the cylinder.

7. a). Explain the working centrifugal compressor with a neat sketch and plot a variation of
pressure and velocity of air passing through impeller and diffuser.
b) A centrifugal compressor delivers 0.5 kg of air per second at a pressure of 1.8 bar and
1000C. The intake conditions are 200C and 1 bar. Find the isentropic efficiency of the
compressor and the power required to drive it. Take n = 1.65 and Cp=1kJ/kgK.

8. a) What modifications can be made to improve performance and decreasing number of stages
in a axial compressor.
b) An axial compressor stage has a mean diameter of 60cm and runs at 15000rpm. If the actual
temperature rise and pressure ratio developed are 300C and 1.4 respectively.
i) The power required to drive the compressor while delivering 57 Kg/s of air; assume
mechanical efficiency of 86 % and an initial temperature of 350C.
ii) The stage loading coefficient.
iii) The stage efficiency and
iv) The degree of reaction if the temperature at the rotor exits is 550C.

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