1.

Prokaryotic Cell- Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a true nucleus or
most other cellorganelles. Organisms that have prokaryotic cells are unicellular
and calledprokaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes. Prokaryotic
cells can be contrasted with eukaryotic cells, which are more complex.

https://www.britannica.com/science/eukaryote

2. Eukaryotic Cell- Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a

clearly defined nucleus. Theeukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that
surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined chromosomes (bodies
containing the hereditary material) are located.

https://www.britannica.com/science/eukaryote

3. Cell parts, Structures and Function

Cell Structure

The cell structure comprises of certain

components with specific functions essential to
carry out life’s processes. These components
include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm,
nucleus, and cell organelles.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of
substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external
environment. The cell membrane is present in all the cells.

The cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell within which all other organelles
including cytoplasm and nucleus are enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma
membrane.

By structure, it is a porous membrane (with pores) which permit the movement of

selective substances in and out of the cell. Besides this, the cell membrane also
protects the cellular component from damage and leakage.

It forms the wall like structure between two cells as well as between the cell and
its surroundings.

Plants are special, so are their cell structures. Since plants are immobile and
cannot hide or run away as animals do during the atmospheric changes. Plants
have an advanced cell structure that protects them and makes them rigid and is
called a cell wall.

Cell Wall

The cell wall is a thick outer layer and is present only in plants cell which protects
the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is the
outermost layer of plant cells.

It is a rigid and stiff structure surrounding the cell membrane.

It provides shape and support to the cell and protects it from mechanical shocks
and injuries.

The cell wall of the plant cell is made up of cellulose which provides shape to the
cells.

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell
membrane.

Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.

The cell organelles including endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, mitochondria,

ribosomes, are all suspended in this cytoplasm.

Nucleus

The nucleus contains the hereditary material of the cell, the DNA.

It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die.

The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from
the rest of the cell and protects the DNA.

Cell Organelles

Cells are composed of various cell organelles that perform certain specific
functions to carry out life’s processes. The different cell organelles along with its
important functions are mentioned in the table provided below:

https://www.britannica.com/science/eukaryote
4. Hydrilla Cell- This hydrilla verticillata leaf has
many clearly defined plant cells. The leaf has a
dark stem down its middle. It's edges are
serrated with sharpened little thorns at the tips.
The surface of the leaf is similar to the onion
epidermis, but the nuclei of the plant cells in the
leaf are barely visible if at all.

5. Parts and Functions of the Endomembrane System

The endomembrane system is a series of

compartments that work together to package, label,
and ship proteins and molecules. In your cells,
theendomembrane system is made up of both the
endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
These compartments are folds of membranes that
form tubes and sacs in your cells.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

There are two parts to the structure known as the endoplasmic reticulum. Both
have a membranous tubular structure and are located near the nucleus of the cell.
Notice that the membrane folds, providing plenty of
surface space for work to be done, like multiple
benches for Santa's elves. This also creates
compartments without any open ends. The lumen is
the inside compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The lumen is completely separated from the
cytoplasm that surrounds it.

You can tell apart the two types of endoplasmic reticulum in a cell image because
one is studded with small ribosomes and one is not. The one without ribosomes
is known as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, because without ribosomes, it
really looks like a membranous compartment of smooth tubes. This can also be
referred to as the smooth ER, or simply the SER.

The smooth ER is the site of lipid and steroid synthesis. In the lumen of the
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, proteins and small molecules can be chemically
modified. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is also the detoxifying space of the
cell. The liver is the detox organ of your body. Therefore, your liver cells can have
more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than your heart cells, for example, as it uses
this cellular component to detoxify drugs and alcohol.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes is named

the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

https://byjus.com/biology/cells/