Mercado, Manuelle Marie S.

MWF 10:00-11:00

Chavez, Al Gift R. ECEng 3-A J205

Thesis Statement: It is arguable that even though motion sensor light is sometimes

sensitive that any motion can trigger the sensor, it is still more highly beneficial because

it contributes significantly to the reduction of energy consumption.

I. Introduction

2.0 Background

2.1 Definition

2.2 Description

2.3 Types of Motion Detecting Systems

2.3.1 Active Motion Sensor

2.3.2 Passive Motion Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor)

2.4 Process

2.5 Development

2.5.1 International

2.5.2 Locally

2.6 Standards

2.7 Issues

2.7.1 Unwanted shut off or turn on

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 2.7.2 Change in detection results due to the differences in weather conditions.

2.7.3 Any kind of moving object can trigger the PIR sensor type.

2.8 Reference Lists

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 Power conservation means to reduce the quantity of energy that is used for

different purposes. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy may

want to conserve energy to reduce energy cost and promote economic, political and

environmental sustainability. It is no longer just a fashionable expression. It has now

become a necessity. The static method of conservation like usage of electrical devices

with lower power consumption or scheduled power cuts is not very efficient. Why is energy

consumption so important and how can it negatively impact the environment? The answer

may not seem immediately obvious, as we all use lights and appliance in our daily lives,

even more constantly as technology adapts and makes energy consumption necessary

for work as well as leisure.

Human beings are wasting too much of electrical energy by not turning off the lights

and many other electrical appliances when they are not using it. To overcome the problem

we have discovered a device that can be fitted anywhere in offices or homes.

This paper tackled a dynamic automated power conservation system which uses

wireless sensor networks (WSN) in other words, a motion sensor light. The use of motion

sensor light greatly reduces the size and cost of the system and is suitable for a lighting

system and can be easily installed in buildings as a wired system. Motion detectors are

small electronic eyes that detect infrared waves—heat waves that radiate from moving

objects. When the detector senses an object moving across its field of view—especially

warmer objects such as people, animals, and cars—it electronically turns on the lights.

To detect the presence of human we are using PIR sensor, PIR or Passive Infrared Motion

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Sensor consists of IR sensor and are used to the heat of the human body and wave

lengths to calculate whether there is a movement and it will turn on the electrical lights.

The most valued benefit of motion sensor lights are the savings on electricity.

Motion sensors prevent lights from turning on in areas that do not in use them which will

quickly add up to offset the price of the investment on power bills. It is also commonly

referred to as occupancy sensors because they better accommodate energy consumption

in public areas.

It is arguable that even though motion sensor light is sometimes sensitive that any

motion can trigger the sensor, it is still more highly beneficial because it contributes

significantly to the reduction of energy consumption.

A motion sensor light is a device that is used for detecting a movement in a certain

range in front of or around the detector. It contains a physical mechanism or electronic

sensor that quantifies motion that can be either integrated with or connected to other

devices. Such a device is frequently coordinated as a segment of a system that therefore

plays out a duty or cautions a client of movement in a zone. They frame an indispensable

segment of security, robotized lighting control, home control, vitality effectiveness and

other valuable frameworks (Arthur, 2017).

Motion sensor light contains an electronic sensor which quantifies motion and can

either be integrated with or connected to other devices which alert the user of the

presence of a moving object that is within the field of view of the sensor. It is a small

electronic eye that detects infrared waves—heat waves that radiate from moving objects.

When the detector senses an object moving across its field of view—especially warmer

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objects such as people, animals, and cars—it electronically turns on the lights. It switches

switch outdoor lights only when a large object moves nearby (“How Motion Detectors

Works, 2018).

Designed to emit an electrical signal that connects to a light detector. As soon as

the beam gets interrupted, it may sound the motion sensor alarm. This sample continues

until it is disrupted by the interference of some type (e.g., a person walking past). This

triggers the sensor to send a signal, which can open and the automatic door, open a

storage door or sound an alarm (Agarwal, 2015).

Passive Infrared Radiation (PIR) sensor detects the change in the infrared

radiation of warm-blooded moving object in its detection range it detects emitted infrared

power given off through humans and animals in the structure of heat. (Nepal, Biswa,

Adhikari, & Chencho, 2013). When there is a sudden increase in infrared energy, an alarm

is sounded or the light automatically turns on. When the warm body leaves the sensing

area, the reverse happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change.

These sensors are commonly used in indoor alarms (Agarwal, 2015).

The sensor itself has two openings in it, each space is made of a unique material

that is sensitive to infrared radiation. The focal point utilized here is not generally doing

much thus, we see that the two openings can 'see' out past some separation

(fundamentally the affectability of the sensor) (Tarus, 2017). At the point when a warm

body like a human or creature cruises by, it first blocks one portion of the PIR sensor,

which causes a positive differential change between the two parts. At the point when the

warm body leaves the detecting zone, the reverse happens, whereby the sensor creates

a negative differential change. These change beats are what is recognized. (Berna, ND).

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This framework includes two infrared sensors and an electronic latch control circuit to

control the automatic light switching system. An Infrared transmitter and receiver sensors

are set at the entryway and door frame to automatically switch the lighting system upon

opening the room’s door. In view of the infrared control circuit framework, the desired light

is maintained switched ‘ON’ when the room’s door is closed during occupancy. The

electronic latch control circuit can be adjusted to automatic switching, depending on the

environmental intensity of daylight. At the point when the entryway opens after an

inhabitancy, the electronic latch control circuit sends a signal that switches 'OFF' the lights

of that room quickly when the transmitter and beneficiary of the infrared control sensors

framework are associated. The programmed light exchanging framework additionally

utilizes the Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) to the electric energy use during sufficient

daylight. This will help to reduce the utility bill during sufficient daylight. Both control

frameworks utilize normal electronic segments as this disentangles and lessen the

costing of building up the programmed light exchanging framework control circuit. (Sarban

et al. 2009)

The expanded interest for location and checking amid World War II produced

innovative advances in movement detecting. Radar, which had been created decades

sooner, however, had not yet been completely developed, was currently being utilized to

counter the preferred standpoint given via aircraft by enabling its detection. One of the

principal uses of movement detecting outside the military was created by Samuel Bagno

in the mid-1940s. Utilizing his insight into radar and recently created electrical segments,

Bagno started doing research on an ultrasonic caution, which worked likewise to radar.

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His ultrasonic caution made "a web of ultrasonic waves inside a room" and identified the

movement of man. (Furnish, 2007)

Nicera Philippines Inc. was officially established on March 2001. A Japanese firm

that provides products in advanced field in order to provide beneficial and superior end

effect of ultrasonic sensor products. It is presently engaged in the business of ultrasonic

sensor manufacturing and trading of related electronic components/products. Formally,

the company has a strong venture backing from Nippon Ceramics Co., Ltd., a Japanese

company established in 1975 at Tottorri, Japan.

Nicera operates within the secured area of the picturesque Subic Bay Freeport

Zone (SBFZ). It is a constantly developing zone driven by its vision to becoming a globally

competitive, self-sustaining, and environment-friendly center for industry, commerce and

other big investment. Its location being at the heart of Southeast Asian region gives them

advantageous access to any key cities in Asia.

Nicera brand in Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) and Ultrasonic sensors is the world’s

leader in sensing technology (NICERA Philippines Inc., 2003).

Based on Automation Industry put them, where you need the light to be turned on

when you arrive. This would apply to the front and back sections, carports or zones in

your garden. The perfect position is at a height of 2 – 3 meters above the ground and

where it would detect most development in the pre-adjusted range over the sensitivity

zone instead of specifically toward the detector. Obviously, that the edge of a room is the

most noticeably bad place to make the most effective utilization of a movement sensor.

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 To avoid a nuisance triggering first, avoid pointing the sensor towards any light

sources. Second is to avoid mounting the sensor close warmth sources, for example,

warming vents, ventilation systems, dryer vents or lights. Lastly, avoid coordinating the

sensor toward territories or whose surfaces are exceedingly intelligent or are subject to

fast temperature change, for example, pools.

Regularly the high affectability to sensors prompts false triggers. For instance,

exorbitant air movement from a fan or an HVAC framework can make the sensor trigger.

Another problem that you could potentially run into is that the light will go off when you do

not want it to. For instance, you may sit as yet perusing a book and the movement sensor

close the light off. (Sarban, Ranjit, Fayeez, Ahamed, Salim, Sani, Wong and Chiew 2009)

The warmth sensors in movement initiated lights are, in this way, aligned to

recognize critical changes in the field of generally perpetual temperature encompassing

them. Thus, movement initiated lights turn out to be sensitive in colder temperatures. The

colder the temperature field that encompasses them, the less demanding it is for them to

identify warmed articles entering that field. On the other side, the more sweltering the

temperature field is encompassing a movement initiated by the light, the less touchy it is

to warm items entering the field. Since the adjustment in temperature between the

warmed protest and the warmed field around it is less uncommon, the movement initiated

light may have a harder time distinguishing it. (Chodon, P, Adhikari D, Nepal C, Rajen

Biswa R, (June 2013))

PIR sensors require an unhindered perspective of the event of movement and can't

undoubtedly observe amongst people and little creatures. They are defenseless to "dead

spots," which are territories where movement can't be distinguished inside the field of

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view. The more remote one gets from the sensor the less delicate it moves toward

becoming. Likewise, PIR sensors can't decide the separation of the client from the

detecting gadget. (Gottschling 2016)

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Reference Lists

Irimia, R., Gottschling, M. (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae,

Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7720.

https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720)

Furnish, T. (September 3rd, 2007). Electrical Engineering, Energy & Sustainability.

Retrieved from http://illumin.usc.edu/165/motion-sensors/

Tarus, Z. (2017) PIR Sensor-based Security System. Retrieved from

https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=RLiGW4uzAcnnwQOosLnQCQ&

q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theseus.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F14

0210%2FPIR-Sensor-based-Security-

System.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&oq=https%3A%2F%2Fwww

.theseus.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F140210%2FPIR-Sensor-

based-Security-System.pdf

Sarban, S., Singh, R., & Fayeez, Ahamed & Salim, Sani & Wong, Yan Chiew. (2009).

Door Sensors for Automatic Light Switching System. 574 - 578.

10.1109/EMS.2009.75.

Berna, S. (ND). A Guide to IR/PIR Sensor Set-Up and Testing. Retrieved from

https://www.egr.msu.edu/classes/ece480/capstone/fall09/group05/docs/ece480_

dt5_application_note_bseracoglu.pdf

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Chodon, P, Adhikari D, Nepal C, Rajen Biswa R, (June 2013). International Journal of

Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems. Passive infrared (PIR) sensor

based security system. (2)14.

Arthur, (2017, July 27). Motion detectors explained. Retrieved from

https://www.ledwatcher.com/motion-detectors-explained/

(n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.thedimensionzone.com/paranormal/the_technology_motion_sensors.

htm

Nicera Philippines Inc. (2003). Retrieved from http://www.nicera.ph/corporate.html

Agarwal, T. (2016, March 23). What is a PIR motion sensor: PIR IC working, features

And applications? Retrieved from https://www.elprocus.com/pir-sensor-basics-

Applications/

Nepal, G., Biswa, R., Adhikari, D. and Chencho (2013). Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor

Based Security System. Motion Sensor. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250928842_Passive_Infrared_PIR_Sen

sor_Based_Security_System

Handyman, T. F. (2018, March 21). How Motion Detectors Works. Retrieved from

https://www.familyhandyman.com/electrical/outdoor-lighting/how-to-choose-and-

install-motion-detector-lighting/view-all/

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