Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Objectives
Contents
1. 5G Overview
2. 5G Network Architecture and Interface
3. 5G Physical Layer
4. Overview of 5G Basic Signaling Process
1. 5G Overview
Challenges in 5G Era
5G Key Capabilities
IMT-2020 vs. IMT-Advanced Comparison of key KPIs Requirement on key KPIs Of Different
Applications
Adding spectrum is the most direct solution for capacity & transmission speed improvement. The
biggest 5G bandwidth is 1GHz, considering the current spectrum allocation condition, high
frequency spectrum has to be used for 5G communication
5G Network Spectrum
NR
Duplex
Operating Uplink Downlink
Mode
Band
n1 1920-1980MHz 2110-2170MHz FDD NR
Frequency Duplex
n2 1850-1910MHz 1930-1990MHz FDD Operating
Range Mode
n3 1710-1785MHz 1805-1880MHz FDD Band
n5 824-849MHz 869-894MHz FDD n75 1432-1517MHz SDL
n7 2500-2570MHz 2620-2690MHz FDD n76 1427-1432MHz SDL
n8 880-915MHz 925-960MHz FDD n77 3.3-4.2GHz TDD
n20 832-862MHz 791-821MHz FDD n78 3.3-3.8GHz TDD
n28 703-748MHz 758-803MHz FDD n79 4.4-5.0GHz TDD
n38 2570-2620MHz 2570-2620MHz TDD n80 1710-1785MHz SUL
n41 2496-2690MHz 2496-2690MHz TDD n81 880-915MHz SUL
n50 1432-1517MHz 1432-1517MHz TDD n82 832-862MHz SUL
n51 1427-1432MHz 1427-1432MHz TDD n83 703-748MHz SUL
n66 1710-1780MHz 2110-2200MHz FDD n84 1920-1980MHz SUL
n70 1695-1710MHz 1995-2020MHz FDD
n71 663-698MHz 617-652MHz FDD
n74 1427-1470MHz 1475-1518MHz FDD
5G FR2 Defined in 3GPP Specifications
The mmWave defined 3 bands, all are TDD mode, support the cell bandwidth maximum is 400MHz
NR Operating
Frequency Range DuplexMode
Band
n257 26500 MHz –29500 MHz TDD
n258 24250 MHz –27500 MHz TDD
n260 37000 MHz –40000 MHz TDD
5G does not use cell bandwidth less than 5 MHz.5G features large bandwidth.
The bandwidth below 20 MHz is defined to meet the evolution requirements of existing spectrum.
Relationship between the Subcarrier Bandwidth and the Maximum Bandwidth of the Cell
According the limitation of the protocol:
In FR1, only the subcarrier greater than 30K, then the cell bandwidth can use 100M.
In FR2, only the subcarrier greater than 60K, then the cell bandwidth can use 400M.
SCS 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz 25MHz 30MHz 40MHz 50MHz 60MHz 80MHz 100MHz
(kHz) NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 25 52 79 106 133 [TBD] 216 270 N/A N/A N/A
30 11 24 38 51 65 [TBD] 106 133 162 217 273
60 N/A 11 18 24 31 [TBD] 51 65 79 107 135
Compared with LTE, the logical function of control plane in 5G core network is divided into AMF
and SMF two functions.
Network Architecture -NGCVs EPC
NR base station uses high frequency band for downlink transmission, for uplink, the frequency band
could be selectively shared with LTE low frequency band depending on UE coverage. That is an
implementation of uplink-downlink decoupling.
The RAN side implements slice awareness and multi-slice sharing of air interface resources. The
core network is customized based on different use case.
E2E control plane and user plane deployed according the service dynamically
Interface and Protocol Stack -NG Interface
The NG interface between the gNodeB and the core network is based on the IP network. The user
plane uses the GTP-U protocol, and the control plane uses the SCTP protocol (similar to LTE).
Uu interface-RLC Layer
The RLC layer provides radio link control functions. RLC contains three transmission modes: TM,
UM, and AM. It provides functions such as error correction, segmentation, and reassembly.
Matching
MAC Scheduling based on QoS
LDPC encoding
Low implementation complexity
Applies to high-speed and big data blocks and has advantages in parallel processing.
Polar encoding
When small data blocks are transmitted, the performance is better than that of other codes.
Low maturity
Turbo encoding
Mature
Modulation
LTE 5G
QPSK
QPSK
16QAM
Uplink 16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
256QAM
QPSK
QPSK
16QAM
16QAM
Downlink 64QAM
64QAM
256QAM
256QAM
1024QAM
One symbol may represent multiple bits using an amplitude and a phase, which improves spectral
efficiency by multiple levels. For example, in 16QAM, one symbol represents four bits.
F-OFDM
The F-OFDM technology optimizes channel processing such as filters, digital pre-distortion (DPD),
and radio frequency (RF). Using this technology, Huawei base stations can effectively improve the spectral
efficiency and peak throughput of the system bandwidth by ensuring RF protocol specifications such as the
adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) and blocking.
Full Duplex
Solution
The sender and receiver can share the same time
and frequency domain resources.
CP-OFDM
Advantage: available discontinuous frequency domain resources, flexible resource
allocation, and large frequency diversity gain
Disadvantage: relatively high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)
DFT-S-OFDM
Advantage: low PAPR (approximately close to that of a single carrier) and high transmit
power
Disadvantage: continuous frequency domain resources required
According to the radio environment of the UE and the selected threshold THA, the network side
instructs the UE to select a proper CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM waveform. The UEs between the two
thresholds select different waveforms by using the anti-ping-pong mechanism. The switching
between the two waveforms is reconfigured by using RRC signaling.
When the uplink SNR is greater than the threshold THA, the UE selects CP-OFDM.
When the uplink SNR is lower than the threshold THB and RANK equals 1, the UE selects
DFT-S-OFDM.
If the SNR is between THA and THB, the current waveform remains unchanged.
Resource Mapping -Overview of Physical Resources
The general structure of the time domain on the air interface meets the requirements of data
transmission and in-band control for different RATs.
Frame Structure
1 radio frame = 10 ms
1 radio frame = 10 subframes
1 subframe= 1 ms
Logical channels are available between the MAC layer and the RLC layer. Each logical channel type
is defined according to the type of the data to be transmitted. Generally, logical channels are
classified into control channels and traffic channels.
Control channels include:
Broadcast control channel (BCCH)
Paging control channel (PCCH)
Common control channel (CCCH)
Dedicated control channel (DCCH)
Traffic channels include:
Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)
Transport channels are available between the MAC layer and the PHY layer. Each transport channel
type is defined according to the transmission data type and the data transmission method on the
air interface.
Downlink transport channels are classified into:
Broadcast channel (BCH)
Downlink shared channel (DL-SCH)
Paging channel (PCH)
Uplink transport channels are classified into:
Uplink shared channel (UL-SCH)
Random access channel (RACH)
Channel Management-Physical channels
Physical channels perform coding, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and mapping of signals
onto appropriate physical time-frequency resources. An upper-layer transport channel can be
mapped to one or more physical channels.
Downlink physical channels include:
Physical broadcast channel (PBCH)
Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)
Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)
Uplink physical channels include:
Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
Physical random access channel (PRACH)
In the NSA networking, the gNodeB does not need to broadcast the RMSI. The content in the RMSI
is sent to the UE by the LTE.
Overview of System Message Broadcast
NR synchronization and system message broadcasting include: PSS/SSS, PBCH, RMSI, and OSI
The PSS/SSS is used by the UE to synchronize the downlink clock and obtain the cell ID of the
cell.
The PBCH (MIB) is used by the UE to obtain the basic information about the access network.
It is mainly used to notify the UE where to receive the RMSI message.
The RMSI (SIB1) is used to broadcast the initial BWP information, the UL and DL ratio of the
TDD cell, and the necessary information for other UEs to access the network.
Other System Information (OSI) is used to broadcast other cell information. (Currently, this
part is not used in NSA networking.)
To support massive MIMO, all broadcast channels and signals support beam scanning.
A broadcast beam can be designed for a maximum of N directional beams. The broadcast beam
coverage of the cell is completed by sending different beams at different moments. By scanning
beams, the UE obtains an optimal beam, and completes synchronization and system message
demodulation.
SIB1
The SIB1 message is used to broadcast the basic information required when the UE initially accesses
the network, including the initial SSB information, initial SSB information, and downlink channel
configuration.
In NSA, SIB1 is not broadcast. The contents carried in SIB1 are delivered to the UE through the LTE
in the RRC reconfiguration message.
Currently, the SIB1 message in 3GPP is not defined completely
Other System Information Broadcast
Random Access
SgNB change is a process in which the PSCELL of a UE is transferred from a cell on the NR side to
another cell in the NSA scenario,
In the NSA scenario, the measurement event of the NR is delivered on the LTE side. The NR has a
measurement control module. The measurement control information of the NR measurement
control module is transmitted to the LTE through the X2 interface. The LTE delivers the
measurement control information to the UE. The measurement information of the UE is reported
to the LTE, and the LTE sends the measurement report information to the NR through the X2
interface.