VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Bitung as a Future Hub Port in The Eastern Part of Indonesia

Prasetyadi(a), Rheo Hary Widianto(b)

(a)Assistant Senior Manager, Indonesia Port Coorporation IV

(b)Staff of Port Planning, Indonesia Port Coorporation IV

Abstract
The issue of the development in eastern part of Indonesia is complicated. For the last 10
years, the eastern part of Indonesia has become a central point in the context of national
development, considering its limitations in several economy and social sectors. In spite of its
abundant natural resources, in some aspects of development the eastern part of Indonesia is
left behind the western part, indicated as follows : a. Respectively only 15% and 9% of the
local and foreign investment is absorbed in this area, while the rest is given to the western
area.; b.The quality of human resource in eastern part of Indonesia is below the national
average. One of the dominant constraints faced by the eastern part of Indonesia in economic
development is that export commodities from this area should go first to Tanjung Priok in
Jakarta and Tanjung Perak in Surabaya, while in fact it is nearer for the cargo to reach their
destination countries, especially in Asia Pacific region, from the eastern part of Indonesia. It
resulted in the high transportation cost and it is difficult for products from the eastern
Indonesia to compete in the global market, as well.

1.Preface

1.1.General

INDONESIA PORT CORPORATION IV

Nunukan
Tarakan
Bitung

Samarind TernateSorong Biak

Gorontalo
a
Balikpapan Pantoloa Manokwar Jayapura
n Kendari i
Parepare
Ambon Fak-
Fak
Makassar Merauke
Indonesia Port Corporation I
Indonesia Port Corporation II
Indonesia Port Corporation III
Indonesia Port Corporation IV

Figure 1. Areas of Indonesia Port Corporation (IPC)

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 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

1.2.Container Movement In Indonesia

Figure 2.Existing Condition of Container Sea Transportation Network

Table 1. Container Traffic at Major Port In Indonesia

NAME OF YEAR (TEUs)

No REMARKS
PORTS 2000 2001 2002 2003*
A. IPC I :
1 Belawan 312.781 372.883 408.666 437.847
2 Pekanbaru 86.721 98.354 117.946 170.366
3 Dumai 464 170 217 313
Total IPC I : 399.966 471.407 526.829 608.527
B. IPC II :
1 Tanjung Priok 2.494.596 2.524.396 2.607.144 2.968.230
2 Panjang 7.690 76.469 76.134 103.782
3 Pontianak 83.093 100.813 112.240 121.206
Total IPC II : 2.585.379 2.701.678 2.795.518 3.193.218
C. IPC III :
1 TPKS Semarang 0 135.467 315.071 320.000
2 Tanjung Perak 305.514 399.928 341.480 586.432
3 Banjarmasin 0 138.840 149.302 159.500
4 Benoa 0 19.972 22.413 24.500
5 Sampit 0 11.188 18.276 20.453
6 Tenau Kupang 0 7.840 8.865 10.750
7 TPS Surabaya 0 876.136 936.166 1.500.000
8 BJTI Surabaya 0 0 511.953 682.600
Total IPC III : 305.514 1.589.371 2.303.526 3.304.235
D. IPC IV :
7 Makassar 164.684 177.416 208.384 221.479
8 Bitung 66.737 80.386 84.680 87.894
9 Balikpapan 22.401 34.210 52.632 55.540
10 Samarinda 68.685 71.618 88.043 132.887
Total IPC IV : 322.507 363.630 433.739 497.800
Total IPC I ~ IV 3.613.366 5.126.086 6.059.612 7.603.780
*estimated

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 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Table 2. Container handling movement by composition in Indonesia

CONTAINER TRAFFIC 2003

IPC I
IPC II
IPC III
42%
IPC IV

43%

8%
7%

2.The Existing Condition of Bitung Port

2.1.Existing Port Facilities

Container Terminal Conventional Terminal

Wharf 130 M Wharf
Stacking Yard 44.000 M2 - Ocean Going 605 M
Traditional Wharf 60 M - Domestic 602 M
CFS 42 X 30 M2 - Chemical Industry 146 M
Head Truck and 1 UNIT - Traditional 60 M
Chasis Container Wharf
Top Lifter 1 UNIT - Conblock Yard 27.311 M2
Forklift 5 Ton 4 UNIT - Hotmix Yard 2.735 M2
Tug Boat 1.500 HP 1 UNIT Transhit shed 13.392 M2
Mooring Boat 160 1 UNIT Passenger Terminal 3.195 M2
HP Mobile Crane 25 Ton 1 Unit
Pilot Boat 1 UNIT Reach Stacker 42 1 Unit
Ton
Reach Stacker, 48 Ton 1 Unit Forklift 5, 3, & 2 Ton @1 Unit
Crane Mobile, 150 Ton 2 Unit Fire Fighting 25 Ton 1 Unit
& 25 Ton Tronton 18 Ton 2 Unit
Forklift 28 Ton 3 Unit Electricity 99 KVA
Forklift 7, 3.5 & 2 @1 Unit Water Supply 200 Ton/Hour
Ton (owned)
Forklift 5 Ton 4 Unit Water Supply (PAM) 100 Ton/Hour
Forklift 3 Ton 3 Unit Tug Boat (1.160 HP) 2 Unit
Pilot Boat 2 Unit
Barge 1 Unit

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 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

1. PASSENGER TERMINAL

PO RT O F B ITUN G 2. CONVENTIONAL YARD

3. SHEDS
4. OFFICE IPC IV
EXIS TIN G 2 0 0 3 5. NAVIGATION OFFICE
6. C F S
7. PARKING AREA
8. OFFICE AREA
9. GATE
10. OFFICE AREA
11. MULTI PURPOSE AREA
12. ASDP AREA
13. TREATMENT PLANT AREA
300 dm 14. CONTAINER YARD

YARD

150 dm 242 150 dm

PARKING AREA

175 190 SHEEDS

100 dm OFFICE AREA

PASSENGER TERMINAL
80 dm
3 1 EXISTING WHARF

3 LAND WORKING BOUNDARY

145
2

5 3 2
3

10
22 250
1 50 3 3 4 PICTURE OF
100 dm 2

140
RS
4 TIE PO RT O F B ITUN G

182
4X
3 EXIS TIN G 2 0 0 3

4X

225
10
3
4X

10

GS
205
10

GS
3 DRAFTER

GS

4X
60
15 RHEO HARY WIDIANTO

4X
3 3

10
4X

10

GS
10 GS

GS
DEBBY DUAKAJU
11 14 3

4X
80 dm 4X
SUPERVISOR BY

9
13
GS
4X

9
GS
ASM. PLAN OF PORT FACILITY
9 GS

12
70 dm 10 6
9 KUSMAHADI SJ
7
CHECKED BY/AGREED BY
10 SM. PORT DEVELOPTMENT
8
60 dm
WINARSO TRISALYONO
50 dm ACKNOWLEDGED/AGREED
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

30 dm
SUDARMADJI

LOCATION

SCALE

Table 3. Container handling movement by composition in Indonesia

2.2.Container Traffics Container Cargoes at Bitung Port

TEU's
90.000
80.000
70.000
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Figure3 Container Cargo Throughput at Bitung Port (TEU’s) (1993-2002)

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 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Ton
1.200.000

1.000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Figure 4 Container Cargo Throughput at Bitung Port (Ton) (1993-2002)

Table 4 Container Cargo Traffic at the ports of Bitung,

Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan, Pantoloan, Gorontalo, Kendari, Ternate, Ambon

Unit 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Bitung TEUs 3.811 8.576 14.239 19.869 43.760 41.929 48.674 66.737 80.386 83.861
Pantoloan TEUs 44 435 660 1.423 5.977 6.908 8.740 15.083 20.791 28.348
Gorontalo TEUs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kendari TEUs 211 295 804 1.467 2.502 74 40 0 6.216 8.216
Ternate TEUs 422 550 1.608 2.734 4.914 4.244 5.068 2.112 2.504 3.691
Ambon TEUs 971 1.207 2.124 7.257 15.092 13.630 6.634 12.607 18.452 21.139
Tarakan TEUs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.014 17.454
Balikpapan TEUs 3.111 4.133 4.245 7.641 28.583 13.435 20.684 22.401 34.210 52.632
Samarinda TEUs 1.513 1.296 1.450 28.499 52.413 50.548 54.569 68.685 71.618 88.043
TOTAL TEUs 57.079 90.219 114.469 140.569 245.732 130.768 145.323 189.788 256.088 313.543

3.Bitung Port Developtment Plan

Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan,

Hongkong, Vietnam & China

Others

Figure 5 Interaction between Bitung Port and other ports in Container Sea Transportation Network
Nearby International Linkage Area

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 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

3.1.Forecasting of Container Cargoes

Table 5 Container Forecast at Bitung, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Ambon,

Pantoloan, Ternate, Kendari, Tarakan, Gorontalo

YEAR (TEU's)
2003 2007 2015 2020 2025
BITUNG 87.894 128.686 553.325 891.135 1.137.339
AMBON 25.764 53.424 123.118 198.283 319.337
PANTOLOAN 31.007 43.769 87.212 140.456 179.262
TERNATE 4.462 6.533 14.004 22.553 33.020
KENDARI 10.498 15.370 22.709 28.983 36.990
TARAKAN 16.909 18.303 39.234 63.186 101.762
GORONTALO 12.428 16.565 24.474 31.236 39.865
BALIKPAPAN 55.540 81.918 107.378 140.750 182.041
SAMARINDA 132.887 160.369 228.508 295.814 386.059
TOTAL 377.389 524.936 1.199.961 1.812.396 2.415.675
Container Forecast
2.500 TEU's (Thousands) SAMARINDA

BALIKPAPAN
2.000
GORONTALO

TARAKAN
1.500
TERNATE

1.000 PANTOLOAN

AMBON

500
BITUNG

-
2002 2003 2007 2015 2020 2025

1. PASSENGER TERMINAL
2. CONVENTIONAL YARD

PO RT O F B ITUN G 3.
4.
5.
FOYER
PARKING AREA PASSENGER
OFFICE AREA
6. PARKING AREA TRUCK
7. CONTAINER YARD
mas t er pl an (Up t o 2 0 2 5 ) 8.
9.
GATE
OFFICE AREA
10. MULTI PURPOSE AREA
11. AREA ASDP
12. WASTE TREATMENT PLAN
13. SHEED
14. MULTIPURPOSE YARD
15. CFS
16. ENTITY INDUSTRY ZONA

ZONA INDUSTRI ENTITY

300 dm
ZONA LIQUID

15
2007-20
YARD

150 dm 400 M 150 dm

PARKING AREA
200 M 242 M
025
LOA = / PETI
KEMAS)

190 M
2015-2 175 M
(KAPAL
GEN CARGO
LOA = 144 M SHEEDS
100 dm
(KAPAL PENUMPANG)
200 M )
LOA = / PETI
KEMAS) M
= 125 PETI KEMAS LOA
OFFICE AREA
200

LOA (KAPA = 144

GEN CARGO O/ M

400 M
L PENU
CARG
(KAP

(KAPAL MPANG
L GEN )

GS
(KAPA
AL

3 x 216
200 M

80 dm
GEN

LOA = / PETI
KEMAS)
LOA GO /

PASSENGER TERMINAL
7-2

GEN CARGO
CAR

275

(KAPAL
= 200 PETI

7 13 1
M

125 M
LOA =
EXISTING WHARF
KEMAS)
015

(KAPAL GEN CARGO / PETI KEMAS)

/ PETI
GEN CARGO
KEM

GS
(KAPAL

3
145 M

3 x 252
AS)

ADDITIONAL WHARF
LOA = 125 M

2 MID TERM
(2007 - 2015)
2 4 LAND WORKING BOUNDARY
10 M
(KAPAL

OF BITUNG PORT
GEN CARGO

70 dm
200 M
LOA =

(KAP

100 dm
LOA = 125 M
125 M

(KAPAL GEN CARGO / PETI KEMAS)

AL

M
/ PETI

GEN
117

150
LOA GO /
CAR

PICTURE OF
140 M
KEMAS)

125 M
= 200 PETI

LOA = KEMAS)

14
/ PETI

250 M
GEN CARGO

22 M
M

(KAPAL
M

125 M
LOA = / PETI
KEMAS)
KEM

GEN CARGO PO RT O F B ITUN G

14 14 14
AS)

(KAPAL
125 M
LOA =

205 M
KEMAS) mas t er pl an (Up t o 2 0 2 5 )
225

/ PETI

60 dm
GEN CARGO
(KAPAL

LOA =
125 M
/ PETI
KEMAS) R ECEIVING
5
M

DRAFTER
STATION

GEN CARGO
(KAPAL
Ø 15 Ø15

Ø15 Ø 15 Ø15 Ø 15 Ø 15

15
0M
RHEO HARY WIDIANTO
Ø9 Ø9

6
Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15
Ø9 Ø9 Ø9

RECEIVING
WAREHOUSE Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

5 5 5
Ø9
Ø9

DEBBY DUAKAJU
POWER

10
Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15
BOIRER CT
REFINERY
WARE
HOUSE
BUNGKIL HOUSE
& GUDANG
PLANT Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

80 dm
Ø 15
PROCESSING

SUPERVISOR BY
12
Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

ASM. PLAN OF PORT FACILITY

KANTOR BANGUNAN
PT JAYA TRADE SER BA GUNA

11
70 dm 9 15 PT SEMEN TONASA

8 RM Sri Rumah Dinas

200

Lapangan Tennis

Bea & Cukai

ADP EL
Ru mah Din as Jabatan MESJI D KANTOR BENGKEL

KUSMAHADI SJ
6
(1.122 M2)
G eneral Manager
P T. PELINDO IV Cab Bitung
Rumah Dinas Rumah Dinas
Manager Te kn ik Bea & Cukai

CHECKED BY/AGREED BY
Ru mah
3

Rumah

9
Rumah Dinas Dinas Dinas
Manager PBAU Manager P ELKAP
PBAU

9 SM. PORT DEVELOPTMENT

60 dm
Backup Area
WINARSO TRISALYONO
50 dm Stage 1
ACKNOWLEDGED/AGREED
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
16
30 dm
SUDARMADJI

Backup Area LOCATION

Stage 2

SCALE

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 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Table 6 Required Berth

Year 2008 2013 2018 2023 2028

Container Volume TEU 154.000 202.000 264.000 342.000 439.000
No. of required berth 2 2 2 2 3
Mobile crane 2 2 2 2 2
No. of crane
Gantry Crane 2 2 2 2 4
Berth Capacity TEU 362.000 362.000 362.000 362.000 588.000

Developtment of Bitung Port in short term operated up to 2015:

Infrastructures : Port Handling equipments :

1) Container wharf : 130 m’; 1) Container Crane : 1 unit
handling capacity : 300,000 teus/year 2) Transtainer : 2 unit
2) Container Yard : 31.000 m2 3) Head Truck : 4 unit
CY capacity (4 4) Chassis : 8 units
staking) : 200.000 teus/year 5) Forklift 7 ton : 1 units
3) Truck parking area : 2.450 m2 6) Reefer Plug : 16 plugs
4) Office : Criteria of Vessel will be handle of New Container
- CFS Terminal in Bitung Port :
- WRF (waste processing building) - GT = 20.000
- LOA = 201 m
- Draft = 16 m
- Capacity of Container ship = 1.500 TEUs

4.The Opportunity of Bitung Port to be a Hub Port

Figures 6 Indonesian Navigation Channel

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 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

Table 7 Gross Regional Domestic Products (GRDP) of North Sulawesi Province at Constant Prices by Origin

Industrial Year (Million Rp.(1993 Prices))

No Origin 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
1 Agriculture 775,1 829,8 902,0 974,3 1006,1 1004,9 1046,2 1101,8 882,6
a) food Crop 303,0 320,4 337,8 356,7 347,4 325,6 342,9 346,7 272,6
b) Plantation 263,7 277,1 302,6 324,2 343,7 366,3 358,6 381,6 391,2
c) Livestock &
Products 58,7 60,5 72,6 80,9 84,3 75,0 75,0 84,5 65,4
d) Foresty 65,6 74,4 81,4 90,7 103,5 105,4 102,8 99,3 12,3
e) Fishery 84,0 97,5 107,6 121,7 127,2 132,7 166,9 189,7 141,1
Mining &
2 Quarrying 96,9 111,9 119,5 179,5 192,1 229,4 279,1 315,3 252,2
Manufacturing
& Processing
3
Industries (non
gas/oil) 238,3 260,5 286,9 315,8 336,3 353,8 371,2 395,2 301,7
Elect, gas &
4 Watersupply 16,9 18,8 22,0 25,2 28,0 29,2 31,2 32,6 27,1
Trade,
Restaurant &
5 Hotel 302,9 337,4 378,2 441,7 435,3 461,6 488,4 521,5 415,2
Transport &
6 Communication 391,3 414,4 456,2 493,2 526,9 540,0 561,9 587,5 539,5
Banking &
7 financial
services 151,4 164,5 176,5 190,7 200,5 87,5 121,2 141,2 99,3
a) Banking 57,1 64,4 68,9 75,6 78,2 -27,3 0,2 15,0 3,3
b) Non Banking 9,9 10,4 11,1 11,8 12,6 11,5 12,2 12,8 9,2
c) Rental &
Company
Services 84,4 89,7 96,6 103,3 109,7 103,2 108,8 113,4 86,8
Properties 7
8
Construstion 302,2 331,9 364,7 400,7 432,1 363,2 367,4 379,8 341,1
Public Admin
9
& Defense 531,8 548,9 565,8 583,6 497,7 497,1 505,3 515,5 403,1
Services
10 (Private/Social
& Recreation) 94,8 97,7 101,4 105,0 112,1 111,2 117,7 126,8 95,7
TOTAL 2.901,8 3.115,9 3.373,4 3.709,7 3.767,0 3.677,9 3.889,7 4.117,1 3.357,5

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 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Figure 7 Interaction - Connection of Bitung Port

4.1.Manufacturing
The manufacturing of hinterland bitung came from port of Ambon, Ternate Î
Agriculture, industry & mining product
East Kalimantan (Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tarakan, Nunukan) also has significant
contributions for cargo to port of Bitung such as world products, coal, oil & containerization
plywood.
Strenght of Bitung Port
1. Located directly alongside the Pacific Ocean;
2. Natural port;
3. Suitable infrastructure and superstructure available;
4. Located in Indonesian Navigation Channel

4.2.The Fundamentals Factor to be a Hub Port

Based on the above explanation, question occurs is “Is Bitung Port possible to become a
hub ports in Indonesia?
There are fundamental factors required to be considered :

a.Geographical position and location

Positioned at 01°26’00’’ N and 125°11’00’’ E, in the island of Sulawesi, closed with the
Philippines, and having the nearest distance to Europe and Asia Pacific. As one of ports in
Indonesia located at Navigation Channels 2 (ALKI 2), Bitung Port is very strategic as
Makassar Strait is in the center of Indonesia archipelago, connecting the western with the
eastern region of Indonesia.
Taking the strategic position into consideration, in the future Bitung Port will be prepared to
become an hub port handling local cargo transportation, and a transshipment port, supported
also by the potential of hinterland and surrounding ports.

b.Hydro oceanography of Bitung Port

Navigation Channel :
The length of the channels is 9 mile, width 600 meters and the depth 12 to 15 m LWS. And
the condition of sea bed is Sand/Clay.
Basin :

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 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

Bitung port has a basin with the total area 4,5 hectares, and the draught - 7,00 to – 15,00 m
LWS. The draught can be handle the container vessel, with capacity more than 3,000 teu
(40,000 DWT).

c.Cargo potential surrounding Port of Bitung

The cargo flow within the period of 1993 to 2002 through other ports around Bitung such as
Gorontalo, Pantoloan, Ambon, Ternate, Kendari, Tarakan and in Bitung itself indicated an
average increase of 5% per year, meaning that interisland trading activities in the eastern
part of Indonesia was quite promising.

d.Hinterland & hinter island potentials and growth of areas

The potentials hinterland & hinter island of Bitung Port support the development of the port,
indicated by the crop products according to GRDP data of agriculture, fishery, forestry,
mining, processing, water supply products, hotel and tourism as well as transportation and
communication infrastructure, in which it indicated a significant growth between 4 – 6% per
year.
It can be concluded that the economic activities in North Sulawesi, particularly in the city of
Bitung, can be expected to support the development of Bitung Port to become an
international hub port.

e.Supports from other ports in Indonesia and other countries

Developing Bitung Port also relies on the contributions given by the surrounding ports. So it
is expected that the whole cargo, exported or imported to/from countries in the regions of
Asia Pacific, Europe, and Southeast Asia can be collected at Bitung Port to be distributed
according to the destinations.

5.Conclusion
The first stage Construction of Container Terminal of Bitung Port will be finished at the
end of 2003. That new facilities will encourage the container movement particularly in the
eastern part of Indonesia, and even accelerate the optimum use of Indonesian Navigation
Channel (ALKI) II.
It is required to involve capable investors to make a new network in container movement
pattern in the eastern part of Indonesia.
Advantages gained from making Bitung Port a hub port, idest.
As a trigger the development of eastern areas of Indonesia so they can accelerate the
regional development like in the western part of Indonesia for the future.

6.Références
1 Biro Rinbang, (2003). Traffic Container and General Cargo In Indonesia Port
Corporation IV in 2003. IPC IV.
2 Technical Direktorat, (2003). Master Plan of Indonesia Port Corporation IV. IPC IV.
3 Bitung Local Government, (2003). Bitung in Statistics. Statistics Center..

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