Acknowledgement

This analysis based report is done for the readers of my previous report 1MW
Utility Scale SPV Power Plant, mainly for the readers from South region of
INDIA as they are asking repeatedly about the probability and feasibility-
technical & Financial-of a SPV power plant in their region. At the same time
it’s not possible for me to design a report for each and every state from
South India, so I took Chennai city. Also the previous report was not so
detail, was very basic and meant to the readers who want to get an
overview on how a utility scale power plant works. Now, in this report, I
discuss about in depth. From panel’s selection to CB sizing all are presented
in very detail. Hope, this time you get a strong knowledge on designing and
estimation of 1MW solar PV power plant. Unlike the previous report, the
financial aspect discussed at the end of the paper. In this paper, the
financial assessment has done in very detail and considering the current
scenario of SPV market including the cost of solar PV modules, inverters’
cost, cable, transformer etc. prices and the funding, interest
rate..

Disclaimer
The presented data here are NOT TAKEN from any copyright materials and
not showing under my name. The meteo data collected from NASA website
and NREL database which is free over the internet. Designing of PV system
is totally based on the practical experience of the author.

Assumption & Consideration

Shading consideration: No shading has been considered at the site
during the calculation design. So it is advised that at the time of execution,
please check whether there is any kind of obstacle in the site which may
cause partial/full shading on PV strings and/or PV array. If the shading
occurs, then the estimated power generation will not match the actual
power generated.
Load Factor: It is assumed that the produced power from the PV plant will
be fed to the local utility grid. So, while designing the system, no
unbalanced load considered in 3 phase configuration.
Meteo data: The calculation based on the meteo data collected from
NASA website which is very reliable. Now, based on the co-ordinates the
values have been presented in this report. So, total design is based on this
data. For a different location (coordinates), the system design will differ. It is
advised not to copy and implement the design without consulting the author

www.renewpowerzo Page
ne.in 1
or any certified PV professional because this design estimation is valid
only for a particular site.

www.renewpowerzo Page
ne.in 2
Site consideration: this design has been done by considering the PV modules &
array will be
0
ground-mounted and the site-elevation angle taken 3 .

Cost Estimation: 1MW Solar PV power plant cost estimation has done
considering the current PV market scenario (Sept-Dec 2013), so after few
months the cost may vary according the market.
CAD design & layout: I have not uploaded/attached the CAD design. If
anybody interested in setting up the plant then only contact at the given e-
mail ids to get the design file.

Transmission & wheeling losses: Here, in this report, while doing the
technical assessment, the distance from nearest substation to the 1MW
solar PV power plant taken within 1.5 KM and so the wheeling losses
considered as 3% of total power transmission. And in the financial
assessment, no wheeling charges have been considered.

Design Criteria: While designing & estimating the technical components

& solutions, all the required/applicable standard design codes have been
considered. Mainly the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
Codes, IS codes from BIS have been considered thoroughly.
 Contents
1) Introduction 4
2) Project details 5
3) Location metrological details 6
4) Determination of optimum tilt angle 7
5) Solar power plant overview 8
6) Module selection & sizing 9
7) Inverter selection & sizing 11
8) Transformer selection 12
9) Other protective devices including switch gear details 13
10) Cable sizing &
selection 14
11) Civil works
details 16
12) Performance
analysis & simulation 17
13) Timeline of the
project 21
14) Operation &
maintenance structure of the plant 22
15) Financial
calculation, estimation of NCF, Payback period 23
16) Guide on
selection of various components 27
 PROJECT AT A GLANCE

1. Name of the Company. :

2. Regd. Office. : SRIKAKULAM DIST

3. Works. : SRIKAKULAM Dist.

4. Line of Activity. : 1 MW SOLAR Power plant

5. Sector. : Large Scale

6. Constitution. : Private Limited

7. Project Cost & Means of Finance. :

(Rs in
Lacs)
PROJECT COST AMOUNT MEANS OF FINANCE A
M
O
U
N
T
EPC(, civil works and 709.00 Capital: 80.50
equipment)
Deposits 80.00 Bridge loan from 80.50
Bank(10% on project)
Land and License 8.0 Term loan from NRI 644.00
0
TOTAL 805.00 TOTAL 805.00

8. Promoters Contribution. : 10.00%

9. Debt/Equity. 4:1

10. Installed Capacity. : 1 MW

Brief History of Project
Introduction:
XXX SOLAR ENERGY PVT LTD consists of 5 acres of land with a capacity to host over 1
megawatts of solar power plant. The Solar Project is divided into plots providing necessary
infrastructure such as smart power evacuation facilities, approach and internal roads, water supply and
storage, and office buildings.

The above said project is in the process of setting up a 1 MW Solar PV project in the prestigious Solar
Project at Srikakulam Dist.

Location:
Village
Distric
Srikakulam
t
State Andhra Pradesh
Latitud
e
Longit
ude
Solar
Project xxx
plots

Sailent Features:

Project capacity 1 MW
Earmarked Land 5 Acres
Crystalline Silicon / Thin
Technology
Film Modules
Solar Irradiation (GHI) 5.7 kWh/m2/Day
CUF 20%
Performance Ratio 80%
Annual Energy Generation 1.76 BU
Rating of Photovoltaic Modules 250 Watt
No. of Modules required 400, 000
Quantity of Water required to wash modules per day 80000 Ltrs
Wash Cycle 15 days
Size of Invertors 500 KW
No of Invertors 200
Evacuation 11/66 kV Line
Power evacuation upto 500 MW 220 kV Substation
Power evacuation beyond 500 MW 400 k V Substation

Solar power in India

India's solar resource

India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for
using solar power in India. Moreover, it's other energy resources are relatively scarce. In
the solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a
35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power
projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW.
In July 2009, India unveiled a US$19 billion plan to produce 20 GW of solar power by
2020. Under the plan, the use of solar-powered equipment and applications would be
made compulsory in all government buildings, as well as hospitals and hotels. [2]In January
2015, the Indian government significantly expanded its solar plans, targeting US$100
billion of investment and 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022
According to a 2011 report by BRIDGE TO INDIA and GTM Research, India is facing a
perfect storm of factors that will drive solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption at a "furious pace
over the next five years and beyond". The falling prices of PV panels, mostly from China
but also from the U.S., has coincided with the growing cost of grid power in India.
Government support and ample solar resources have also helped to increase solar
adoption, but perhaps the biggest factor has been need. India, "as a growing economy
with a surging middle class, is now facing a severe electricity deficit that often runs
between 10% and 13% of daily need". India is planning to install the World's largest Solar
Power Plant with 4,000 MW Capacity near Sambhar Lake inRajasthan.
There are various factors that we need to consider before investing into a solar power
plant. A lot of enthusiasm has been seen among people about the use of Solar Energy as a
substitute of conventional sources of energy. However, currently, with the power subsidies
in India, solar works economical only in those areas that are using diesel generators as a
primary source of electricity. The entire payback is made in 2–3 years. Solar system for
petrol pumps is a leading example of such an application. IOCL is leading the race for
solarization of petrol pumps with aggressive targets. Solar applications for petrol pumps
by RelyOn Solar has been installed in more than 150 IOCL petrol pumps across India and
now other oil companies are also looking to solarize their ROs. Solar installations for
commercial buildings, where the electricity rates are higher, are also proving to be a game
changer for the owners of IT companies.
On 16 May 2011, India’s first 5 MW of installed capacity solar power project was registered
under the Clean Development Mechanism. The project is in Sivagangai
Village,Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu.

Current status

Installed solar PV

Year Cumulative Capacity (in MW)

2010 161

2011 461

2012 1,205

2013 2,319

2014 2,632

2015 3,744

With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, on
only its land area, is about 5,000 trillionkilowatt-hours (kWh) per year (or 5 EWh/yr). The
daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m 2 with about
1,500–2,000 sunshine hours per year (depending upon location), which is far more than
current total energy consumption. For example, assuming the efficiency of PV modules
were as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater than the domestic
electricity demand projected for 2015.
The amount of solar energy produced in India in 2007 was less than 1% of the total energy
demand. The grid-connected solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW
Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for approximately 6.4 MW-yrs of
power as of 2005. However, India is ranked number one in terms of solar energy
production per watt installed, with an insolation of 1,700 to 1,900 kilowatt hours per
kilowatt peak (kWh/KWp). 25.1 MW was added in 2010 and 468.3 MW in 2011. By end
March 2015, the installed grid connected solar power capacity is 3,744 MW, and India
expects to install an additional 10,000 MW by 2017, and a total of 100,000 MW by 2022.

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

DonBosco,Kurla, Omega
Commissioned
Natural Polarity (ONP) Mumbai- 0.1
December 2014
Maharashtra

Charanka Solar Park -

Commissioned April
Charanka village, Patan 221
2012
district, Gujarat

Welspun Solar MP project 151

Commissioned
MW Neemuch Solar Plant - 151
February 2014
Neemuch,Madhya Pradesh

Mahagenco 125 MW Solar Commissioned March

125
Project- Maharashtra 2013

Green Energy Development

Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL) 50 Commissioned 2014
- Odisha

Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd

Commissioned March,
(TPS) - 50 MW NTPC 50
2014
- Rajgarh,Madhya Pradesh

Welspun Energy 50MW

Commissioned March
Rajasthan Solar Project - 50
2013
Phalodhi, Rajasthan
India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

Green Energy Development

Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL) 48 Commissioned 2014
- Odisha

Bitta Solar Power Plant (Adani

Commissioned January
Power) - Bitta, Kutch District, 40
2012
Gujarat [

Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park, Commissioned in April

40
Pokhran, Rajasthan 2012

Commissioned October
Moser Baer - Patan, Gujarat 30
2011

Mithapur Solar Power

Commissioned 25
Plant (Tata Power) 25
January 2012
- Mithapur, Gujarat

Green Energy Development

Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL) 20 Commissioned 2014
- Odisha

Vivaan Solar - Madhya Pradesh 15 Commissioned 2014

Sunark Solar - Odisha 10 Commissioned 2011

NTPC Limited - Odisha 10 Commissioned 2014

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

Raajratna Energy Holdings -

Bolangir Solar Power Project 10 Commissioned 2011
- Odisha

Commissioned June
Azure Power - Sabarkantha, 2011, 63 acres, using
10
Khadoda village, Gujarat 36,000 Suntech Power
panels.[31]

Green Infra Solar Energy Commissioned

10
Limited - Rajkot, Gujarat November 2011

Waa Solar Power Plant

Commissioned
(Madhav Power) 10
December 2011
- Surendranagar, Gujarat

Tata Patapur - Odisha 9 Commissioned 2012

Skygen Infrabuild - Odisha 5 Commissioned 2011

Konark Kranti Energy - Odisha 5 Commissioned 2011

Mahindra & Mahindra Solar Completed in January

5
Plant, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 2012

Sivaganga Photovoltaic Plant, Completed December

5
Tamil Nadu 2010
India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

Citra and Sepset Power Plants, Commissioned October

4
Katol, Maharashtra 2011

Sunark Solar - Odisha 3 Commissioned 2011

Abacus Holdings - Odisha 3 Commissioned 2011

Orion Solar - Odisha 3 Commissioned 2011

Skygen Infrabuild - Odisha 3 Commissioned 2011

IIT Bombay - Gwal Commissioned 26

3
Pahari, Haryana September 2011

Itnal Photovoltaic
3 Completed April 2010
Plant, Belgaum, Karnataka

Kolar Photovoltaic Plant,

Yalesandra, Kolar District, 3 Completed May 2010
Karnataka

Tata Commissioned April

3
Power - Mulshi, Maharashtra 2011

Tata Power Solar- Murugan

2 August 2014
Textiles, Palladam, Tamil Nadu
India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

Azure Power - Ahwan

[32][43] 2 December 2009
Photovoltaic Plant, Punjab

Jamuria Photovoltaic Plant,

2 August 2009
West Bengal

TAL Solar Power Plant Commissioned January

2
- Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh 2012

Omega Renk Bearings Pvt. Ltd.

1.5 Commissioned 2013
Solar Plant - Madhya Pradesh

M G M Minerals - Odisha 1 Commissioned 2010

Raajratna Energy Holdings

1 Commissioned 2011
- Odisha

Tata Power - Odisha 1 Commissioned 2011

Amruth Solar Power Plant Commissioned March

1
- Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh 2012

India's First plant

B&G Solar Pvt Ltd Commissioned under
1
- Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu JNNSM scheme 10 June
2011

Gandhinagar Solar Plant, 1 21 January 2011

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

Gujarat

NDPC Photovoltaic Plant, Delhi 1 2010

Numeric Power Systems, Commissioned

1
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu February 2012

Rasna Marketing Services Completed in

1
LLP, Ahmedabad, Gujarat December 2011

Solid Solar by Gautam

Polymers, Delhi, Haryana, UP, 1
Tamil Nadu

Tata Power - Osmanabad, Commissioned 1

1
Maharastra August 2011

Urja Global Commissioned 1

1
Limited - Jharkhand, Delhi August 2012

Thyagaraj stadium Plant

1 April 2010
- Delhi

Zynergy, Vannankulam village,

Commissioned January
Peraiyur, Madurai district, 1
2012
Tamil Nadu

Chandraleela Power Energy 0.8 Commissioned 15

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants

DC
GW·h Capac
Peak
Name of Plant /year[1 ity Notes
Power 8]
factor
(MW)

January 2012, (EPC by

- Narnaul, Haryana Aryav Green Energy
Solutions Pvt. Ltd.)

State MWp % Ref

Andhra Pradesh 127.85 4.00

Chhattisgarh 4.0 0.30

Delhi 2.5 0.19

Gujarat 654.8 49.90

Haryana 7.8 0.59

Jharkhand 4.0 0.30

Karnataka 9.0 0.69

Madhya Pradesh 132.0 9.15

Maharashtra 20.0 1.38

State MWp % Ref

Odisha 13.0 0.99

Punjab 9.0 0.69

[59]
Rajasthan 510.25 38.89

Tamil Nadu 15.0 1.14

Telangana 1.0 0.08

Uttar Pradesh 12.0 0.91

Uttarakhand 5.0 0.38

West Bengal 2.0 0.15

[17][60]
Total 1442.10 100

Solar power in Andhra Pradesh

The installed capacity is 128 MW as on February 2015. During the year
2014, APTransCo has entered in to agreements with IPPs to install 619 MW. NTPC also
entered in to agreement in the year 2015 with APTransCo to install 250 MW plant (first
phase of the 1,000-Mw ultra solar power project) in the economically backward Anantapur
district.

Solar power in Gujarat

Gujarat has been a leader in solar power generation and contributes 2/3rd of the 900 MW
of photovoltaics in the country.The State has commissioned Asia’s biggest solar park at
Charanka village. The park is already generating 2 MW solar power out of its total planned
capacity of 500 MW. The park has been functioning on a multi-developers and multi-
beneficiaries paradigm and has been awarded for being the most innovative and
environment-friendly project by the CII.
With a view to make Gandhinagar a solar city, the State government has launched a roof-
top solar power generation scheme. Under this scheme, the State plans to generate five
megawatt of solar power by putting solar panels on about 50 state government buildings
and on 500 private buildings. The State has also a plan to emulate this project
in Rajkot,Surat, Bhavnagar and Vadodara in 2012-13.
The State plans to generate solar power by putting solar panels on the Narmada canal
branches. As a part of this scheme, the State has already commissioned a one megawatt
solar plant on a branch of the Narmada Canal near Chandrasan area of Anand taluka. This
also helps by stopping 90,000 liter water/year of the Narmada river from evaporating.

Solar power in Rajasthan

Rajasthan is one of the states of India in the field of solar energy. The total photovoltaic
capacity has passed 500 MW, reaching 510.25 MW at the end of the 2012-13 fiscal year.
The district of Jodhpur leads with 42 projects totalling 293 MW, followed by Jaisalmer and
Bikaner. In total there were 84 projects with installed capacity of 512.9. The French group
AREVA solar is currently engaged in constructing a 250 MW concentrated solar power
(CSP) installation which will become the largest CSP installation in Asia. A 4,000MW Ultra
Mega Green Solar Power Project (UMPP) is being built near Sambhar Lake in Rajasthan.
Upon Completion, it would be world's largest Solar Power Plant. It is expected to be built in
4 phases, with the first phase likely to be commissioned by the end of 2016 with 1,000
MW capacity. The total cost of each phase of the project is estimated to be 70
billion (US$1.1 billion) and the entire project is expected to be completed in 7 years. The
present Prime Minister Narendra Modi has put great emphasis on solar projects and is
inviting FDI in this sector.

Solar power in Maharashtra

The Shri Sai Baba Sansthan Trust has the world's largest solar steam system. It was
constructed at the Shirdi shrine at an estimated cost of Rs.1.33 crore, Rs.58.4 lakh of
which was paid as a subsidy by the renewable energy ministry. The system is used to cook
50,000 meals per day for pilgrims visiting the shrine, resulting in annual savings of
100,000 kg of cooking gas and has been designed to generate steam for cooking even in
the absence of electricity to run the feed water pump for circulating water in the system.
The project to install and commission the system was completed in seven months and the
system has a design life of 25 years. Osmanabad region in Maharashtra has been blessed
with abundance of sunlight and is ranked the third best region in India in terms of solar
insolation. A 10 MW solar power plant in Osmanabad, Maharashtra byRelyOn Solar,
generates approximately 18 Lac units per MW which is the highest generation in
Maharashtra by any other solar power plant. This plant was commissioned in 2013 and the
records of one complete year are available.

Solar power in Madhya Pradesh

The Welspun Solar MP project, the largest solar power plant in India set up at a cost of Rs.
1,100 crore on 305 hectares of land, will supply power at Rs. 8.05 a kWh. The project of a
130MW solar power plant at Bhagwanpur in Neemuch was launched by Gujarat chief
Minister, Narendra Modi.
“Ujaas Energy Limited , an Indore based company which is listed on BSE /NSE . It has
installed over 105 MWs in five solar parks viz. , Rajgarh , Barod, Ichchhawar , Rojhani and
Susner , in Madhya Pradesh . The company is proud to be backed by Mr Amitabh Bachhcan
who holds 1.6 % stake according to latest filing. Ujaas is the pioneer of solar REC
Mechanism in India". Apart from company’s innovative PLUG & PLAY Ujaas Park model
where it provides an end to end solution to the investors, the company has also done
substantial solar roof top installations in Chennai, UP,AP,( Noida,Greater Noida )Delhi/NCR
region etc... under the allocation from SECI-Phase-II and under JNNSM.
Ujaas has ranked at No 2 as India’s Fastest Growing Company by a renowned magazine on
Renewable Energy, Business World .
The company has made it onto prestigious Forbes Asia's 200 Best Under a Billion dollar
Companies list.”.
Vivaan Solar, Gwalior based company started in Aug 2012 owns 45MW of solar park
capacity in Madhya Pradesh. The plant is located in Kadodiya Village, Ujjain district. The
company has also stepped forward in providing rooftop solar solutions for homes and
business users.
There is an upcoming 750 MW solar power plant project in Madhya Pradesh in the district
of Rewa which, when completed, will be the world's largest solar power plant, backing the
Desert Sunlight project in California.

Applications
Rural electrification
Lack of electricity infrastructure is one of the main hurdles in the development of rural
India. India's grid system is considerably under-developed, with major sections of its
populace still surviving off-grid. As of 2004 there are about 80,000 unelectrified villages in
the country. Of these villages, 18,000 could not be electrified through extension of the
conventional grid. A target for electrifying 5,000 such villages was set for the Tenth
National Five Year Plan (2002–2007). As of 2004, more than 2,700 villages and hamlets
had been electrified, mainly using solar photovoltaic systems. Developments in cheap
solar technology are considered as a potential alternative that allows an electricity
infrastructure consisting of a network of local-grid clusters with distributed electricity
generation. It could allow bypassing (or at least relieving) the need to install expensive,
lossy, long-distance, centralized power delivery systems and yet bring cheap electricity to
the masses.
India currently has around 1.2 million solar home lighting systems and 3.2 million solar
lanterns sold/distributed. Also, India has been ranked the number one market in Asia for
solar off-grid products.
Projects currently planned include 3,000 villages of Orissa, which will be lighted with solar
power by 2014.
Solar lamps and lighting
By 2012, a total of 4,600,000 solar lanterns and 861,654 solar powered home lights had
been installed. These typically replace kerosene lamps and can be purchased for the cost
of a few months worth of kerosene through a small loan. The Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy is offering a 30% to 40% subsidy for the cost of lanterns, home lights
and small systems up to 210 Wp. 20 million solar lamps are expected by 2022.
Agricultural support
Solar PV water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water. The majority of
the pumps are fitted with a 200–3,000 watt motor that are powered with 1,800 Wp PV
array which can deliver about 140,000 litres (37,000 US gal) of water per day from a total
head of 10 metres (33 ft). By 30 September 2006, a total of 7,068 solar PV water pumping
systems had been installed, and by March 2012, 7,771 had been installed.
Solar driers are used to dry harvests before storage.
Solar water heaters
Bangalore has the largest deployment of roof top solar water heaters in India. These
heaters generate an energy equivalent of 200 MW.
Bangalore is also the first city in the country to put in place an incentive mechanism by
providing a rebate of 50 (79¢ US) on monthly electricity bills for residents using roof-top
thermal systems. These systems are now mandatory for all new structures.
Pune has also recently made installation of solar water heaters in new buildings
mandatory.

Challenges and opportunities

Price history of silicon PV cells since 1977. The great thing about solar power is that it is a
technology and not a fuel. It is unlimited and the more it is deployed the cheaper it would
be. While the more limited fossil fuels are used, the more expensive they become.
Land is a scarce resource in India and per capita land availability is low. Dedication of land
area for exclusive installation of solar arrays might have to compete with other necessities
that require land. The amount of land required for utility-scale solar power plants —
currently approximately 1 km2 (250 acres) for every 20–60 MW generated — could pose a
strain on India's available land resource. The architecture more suitable for most of India
would be a highly distributed set of individual rooftop power generation systems, all
connected via a local grid. However, erecting such an infrastructure, which does not enjoy
the economies of scale possible in mass, utility-scale, solar panel deployment, needs the
market price of solar technology deployment to substantially decline, so that it attracts
the individual and average family size household consumer. That might be possible in the
future, because PV is projected to continue its current cost reductions for the next decades
and be able to compete with fossil fuel. Government can provide subsidies for the
production of PV panels, in which there will be reduction in the market price and this can
lead to more usage of solar power in India. In the past three years, solar-generation costs
here have dropped from around 18 (29¢ US) a kWh to about 7 (11¢ US) a kWh, whereas
power from imported coal and domestically-produced natural gas currently costs around
4.5 (7.1¢ US) a kWh and it is increasing with time. Experts believe that ultra mega solar
power plants like the upcoming world’s largest 4,000 MW UMPP in Rajasthan, would be
able to produce power for around 5 (7.9¢ US) a kWh.
Some noted think-tanks recommend that India should adopt a policy of developing solar
power as a dominant component of the renewable energy mix, since being adensely
populated region in the sunny tropical belt, the subcontinent has the ideal combination of
both high solar insolation and therefore a big potential consumer base density. In one of
the analysed scenarios, India can make renewable resources such as solar the backbone
of its economy by 2050, reining in its long-term carbon emissions without compromising
its economic growth potential.

Government support

Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations in India

51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across India by
the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to monitor the availability of solar
energy. Data is collected and reported to the Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET),
in order to create a Solar Atlas.
The government of India is promoting the use of solar energy through various strategies.
In the latest budget for 2010/11, the government has announced an allocation of 1000
crore towards the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and the establishment of a
clean energy fund. It is an increase of 380 crore from the previous budget. This new
budget has also encouraged private solar companies by reducing customs duty on solar
panels by 5% and exempting excise duty on solar photovoltaic panels. This is expected to
reduce the cost of a roof-top solar panel installation by 15–20%. The budget also proposed
a coal tax of US$1 per metric ton on domestic and imported coal used for power
generation. Additionally, the government has initiated a Renewable Energy Certificate
(REC) scheme, which is designed to drive investment in low-carbon energy projects.
Timeline of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides 70 percent subsidy on the installation
cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on
other regions. The detailed outlay of the National Solar Mission highlights various targets
set by the government to increase solar energy in the country's energy portfolio.
The Mysore City Corporation has decided to set up a mega Solar power plant
in Mysorewith 50% concession from the Government of India. ]
The Maharashtra State Power Generation Company (Mahagenco) has made plans for
setting up more power plants in the state to take up total generation up to 200 MW.]
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation plans to install rooftop solar power plants at Anand
Vihar and Pragati Maidan Metro stations and its residential complex at Pushp Vihar.
Reeling under an acute power crises, the Government of Tamil Nadu has recently unveiled
its new Solar Energy Policy which aims at increasing the installed solar capacity from the
current approximate of 20 MW to over 3000 MW by 2015. The policy aims at fixing a 6%
solar energy requirement on industries and residential buildings for which incentives in the
form of tax rebates and current tariff rebates of up to Rs.1 / unit will be applicable to those
who comply with the Solar Energy Policy. The policy also gives an option to those
industries/buildings who do not want to install rooftop solar photo-voltaic systems to
invest in the government's policy and be given the same incentives as explained above.

Statistics
Installed PV capacity (in MW)

Total
Year Yearly
Capacit
End Installation
y

2010 161

2011 461 300

2012 1,205 744

2013 2,319 1,114

March-2014 2,632 313

March-2015 3,744 1112

India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using
solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation. In the solar
energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km2 area of the
Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 GW to
2,100 GW. Also India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has released the JNNSM
Phase 2 Draft Policy, by which the Government aims to install 10GW of Solar Power and of
this 10 GW target, 4 GW would fall under the central scheme and the remaining 6 GW
under various State specific schemes.

The Electricity Act, 2003, paves way for an innovative approach to solve our country’s
power problems. It has paved the way for a competitive environment; open access to
existing transmission and distribution network to transmit electricity across regions; de-
licensing of generation, captive power and dedicated transmission lines; licensing of
distribution and supply companies and the restructuring of State Electricity Boards.

The Ministry of Power has mandated to promote cogeneration and renewable sources for
Power generation under Nodal agencies and hence it will play a major role in
mainstreaming renewable energy sector. The advantage or renewable resources includes
their capacity to produce energy without producing carbon-based warming and polluting
agents into the atmosphere. The financial cost of its applications is not always cheap but
if the environmental costs of using fossil are accounted for, renewable energy wins hands-
down. There are also indirect savings on health and its costs as there are no harmful
emissions.

In the above backdrop, YOUR COMPANY NAME has decided to set up a 1/1000 MW/KW
Solar Power Plant. This Detailed Project Report (DPR) brings out all technical details and
overall costs justifying the selection of the project. The total power generation is
envisaged to be 1050KW from Solar Photovoltaic Cell. It is a very important document
that is required for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, fixation of tariff,
finalizing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and also for submission to Financial Institutions
for obtaining project funding. The total project cost is expected to be RS. 709.00 Lakhs
and the average cost of generation is expected to be Rs. 7.5/kWh (ASSUMED).
rd
For this project, poly-crystalline technology based 3 generation Solar PV modules will be
used. Along with this, highly efficient, photon-tested string inverters going to be
integrated to the system. These technologies are the best in the industry. So, It’s clear
that our project is not compromising with the quality of the materials and or the
components which obviously led this project to success.
 Client’ details
Country India
Location SRIKAKULAM DIST
Contact id ABC@XYZ.COM
Contact Person abc
company ABCXYZ
Purpose Power generation
& distribution to State
utility grid

Site & Meteo Details Project Details

Location 10.5, 78.5 Type of Ground-
coordinates (assumed) installation mounted
Estimated array 1100KWp
Ambien 28. 27. 25. peak
t
Relative 5 2
72.5% 5
power
humidity Shading Shade-free
Daily Solar 5.19
irradiation 2 consideration
KWh/m /day Grid voltage 11KV
Atmospheric 100.1 kPA
Phase 3-phase
Pressure
Wind Speed 2.7 m/s connection
Grid 50Hz
Earth Ma Aver Mi frequency
temperature x
29. age
28. n
26. Available/require 20000
d area 2
m (apprx)
Height from sea 6 8
10m 4 Safety level IP65

Site Location/Layout
 Solar Irradiation
7

6
KWh/m2/day

5 Solar Irradiation

31
Air & earth temperature-monthly
30

29

28
Air temperature
27 earth temperature

26

25

24

23
 Optimum Tilt Angles For Solar PV Array Adjusted by Months
Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma Jun
34° 26° 13° 0° 11° 14°

Jul Au Sep Oct No Dec

12° 5° 6° 19° 29° 35°

Figures shown in degrees from vertical

Winter Spring/Autumn Summer

80° angle 104° angle

56° angle

On the 21st December, the sun will rise 87° east of due south and set 87° west of due south.
On the 21st March/21st September, the sun will rise 91° east of due south and set 91° west of due sou
On the 21st June, the sun will rise 95° east of due south and set 95° west of due south.

Irradiation Data on different tilt angles (respect to horizontal

2
surface, KWh/m /day)
0 0 0
Months 10 25 12
January 5.04 5.35 5.41
February 5.98 6.16 6.16
March 6.51 6.41 6.52
April 5.76 5.39 5.85
May 5.78 5.65 5.78
June 5.28 5.22 5.29
July 4.99 4.9 4.99
August 5.09 4.9 5.1
September 5.33 5.14 5.34
October 4.67 4.69 4.71
November 4.27 4.44 4.45
December 4.5 4.78 4.84
Annual avg. 5.26 5.25 5.36
0
* Here, 12 angle at AM1.5 has been chosen as fixed south faced model for the project
 Solar PV System Design

System Overview
SPV Array Peak Power 1082KWp
No. of SPV strings 206
Connection of PV modules in Series
each string
Inverter 20KW MPPT based 3 phase string
Inverter Type/Topology Inverter
MPPT & Transformer Less
Total no. of Inverters 53
Strings/Inverter 4/1

Modular Components

Components Specification Quanti Make

ty
Solar PV Max Peak 4326
modules Power=250Wp
Voc= 36V ;Vmp=
29V Isc= 9.25A ;
Non-Modular Components
Components Electrical Quanti Make
Inverters Specification
20KW, 3Phase &MPPT; ty
53
Vmax= 800V
Transformer 1250KVA 1
SCADA/Moni Integrated with 1
toring Remote Monitoring
System
Circuit Breaker system to
Inverter web based
Busbar= 53
46A 3p; 1
busbar/Panel box to
DC Disconnect transformer=
1000V,20Amps 1600A 206
Switch Gear Rated voltage=12KV; 1
Rated main
busbar
current(Max)=1
250A;
Distribution SC
NAwithstand capacity 1
Panel
Isolator Vmax= 12KV; 1
Max cont.
2
Cables DC Side= 10 mm
AC Side=LT:
2
16mm & HT:
2
185mm
 Solar PV Module Specification & Array Sizing Details
Required Electrical Characteristics of Required Operating Condition
SPV Modules Details:
Maximum 1000V
Design criteria IEC-61853-1 System
Watt Peak 250Wp Maximum Fuse 15A
Rating
VOC 37.20V Limiting Reverse 15A
Current
0
VMPP 30.10V Operating (-10 to 60) C
Temp
ISC 8.87A Range
Max Static 5500PA
IMPP 8.30A Load-
front(Snow+
Max Static 2500PA
Module 15%
Efficiency/modu Load-
Rear(wind)
le areaTolerance
Power ±2%
Technology Si-Poly
No. of cells 60 cells in series
Model design parameters
R shunt250 ohm
Required Temperature Co-efficient R shunt (G=0)2100 ohm
Characteristics R series model0.29 ohm
o
NOCT ( C) @ STC45 ± 2 oC R series max0.37 ohm R series apparent0.47 ohm

Module Efficiency -0.07 ± 0.01

Temp. Co-Eff. Of Pmax -0.43 ± 0.05
o
(%/ C)
Temp. Co-Eff. Of Voc -0.34 ± 0.05
Temp Co-Eff. of Isc o 0.065± 0.05
(%/ C)

PV Module Behavior at different irradiance level

2 2 2
PV Parameters @ 1000W/m @800 W/m @ 400 W/m
PMPP 249.8.2W 200.6 W 100.00
VOC 37.2V 36.8 V 35.8V
VMPP 30.1V 30.2 V 30.1V
ISC 8.87A 6.64A 3.55A
IMPP 8.31A 7.10A 3.33A
Module 15.54% 15.32% 15.27%
0 0 0
efficiency
Temperature co- -0.43%/ C -0.43%/ C -0.44%/ C
eff
Solar PV Array Sizing & Connection Details
0
conditions At STC (25 C) At Avg. Ambient
Suggested array Size 1100 KWp 1100KWp
Actual Solar PV Array 1082KWp 1100KWp
Size Peak of each SPV
Watt 250Wp 263Wp
module
Total nos. of 4326 4326
SPV module
required
Total nos. of strings 206 206
Nos. of SPV 21 21
modules in each
string
SPV connection in each Series Series
string
String voltage (VMPP) 609V 630V
String current (ISC / IMPP) 8.87A/8.3A 9.51A/8.82A
Connection of strings Parallel Parallel
Array voltage (VOC / 780V/635V 750V/620V
VMPP) current (ISC / IMPP)
Array 1830A/1710A 1960A/1816A

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 Detail Solar Inverter Specification & Design Details

Inverter Type String Inverter (MPPT)

Quantity 53
INPUT (DC)
Max. Power 23KW
Max absolute Input Voltage 1000V
Start Voltage 350V
Nominal MPP voltage range 490V-800V
Max Input Current per string 41.5A
Nos. of Independent MPP 1/6
inputs/strings per MPP inputs
OUTPUT (AC)
Rated Output Power 20000W
Max. Apparent AC Power 20000VA
Power Threshold 20W
Nominal AC Voltage/range 3/N/PE;230/460V
AC Power Frequency/ range 50Hz
Max. output current 3x29A
Power factor at rated power 1
Feed-In phases/connection 3/3
phases
Efficiency
Max. Efficiency 98.7%
Protection Details
DC Disconnect Available
DC Surge Arrester Available
Protection Class I (as per IEC 62103)
Total harmonic distortion <1.8%
◦ ◦
Operating Temperature range -25 -60 C
Noise Emission <35dB
Self Consumption <25W
Cooling option Forced Air-cooled
Protection type IP65 (as per En 60529)
Remote Monitoring System With RS-485/Ethernet
User Interference &
Communication
Electrically Isolated relay output Available
Status Display Available
Inverter to inverter Available
communication
Anti-islanding protection Available
Inverter connection details
Total nos. of inverter 53
Nos. of strings per inverter 4
Connection of strings/inverter Parallel
Inter-inverter connection Parallel into Cu busbar
Inter-Inverter isolator Provided
Transformer Sizing
Design Criteria IS-2026 / IEC-60076
Transformer type Power transformer, core type with oil-
0
immersed ; 65 C winding temp rise
Cooling type ONAN(Oil Natural Air Natural)
Rated KVA 1250KVA
High Voltage rating 11000V
Low Voltage Rating 460V
Nominal impedance 4.7%
Impedance tolerance 7.5%
Nominal secondary amps 1250A
Max SC withstand current 20KA/3s
HV connection DELTA
LV connection Wye
Operating frequency 50Hz
Tap changer ±5% of full load capacity

Protective devices
components Specification Quantity
DC Disconnects String to inverter= 1000V, 15A; 2 206
pole
(As per IEC-60947)
Switch gear Rated voltage=12KV; 1
Rated main busbar
current(Max)=1250A; SC
withstand capacity = 25KA/3s
Dynamic capacity= 50KA
Circuit breakers IP55
Inverter to Busbar= 60A 3p; 53
(MCCB) busbar/Panel box to 1
(NOT required if Inverter transformer= A 3p;
has inbuilt protection)

Main Isolator (HT side)

Design criteria IS-9921/IEC-
129
Operating 50hz ±3% Rated peak 63.5KA
frequency withstand
Nominal system 11KV currentmicro
1.2/50 (KA sec To earth
and
Across the
isolating
voltage lighting withstand isolating distances
poles
Volts (KV peak) 170 195
Max system 12KV Rated 1 minute To earth
and
Across the
isolating
voltage power isolating
75 distances
85
frequency
Max continuous 2500A withstand
No. of poles 3
current
Rated SC current 40KA Min creepage 320mm
for 3s distance

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 Cable Sizing

DC Side Cables (strings to inverter)

Design criteria IEC-60811 & IEC-60216
Cable material Copper
Single cable length per string to 70 ft
2
inverter
Cross section per string 4 mm
Voltage drop 0.18V
Relative power loss reference to 0.07%
Max DC power temp.
withstand Normal Short-
condition circuite
0
90 C d 0C
250
Max withstand current capacity 42KA/1sec
Conductor type Stranded
Insulation material XLPE
LT Cables (Inverters to busbur/distribution panel)
Design criteria IEC-60228 & IEC-60811
Cable material Copper
Max Single cable length per 60 ft
2
inverter
Cross to panel box
section 16 mm
Voltage drop (3phase) 0.46V
Relative power loss reference to 0.23%
Max AC nominal power
Max withstand temp Normal Short-
condition circuite
0
90 C d 0C
250
Max withstand current capacity 2KA/1sec
Conductor type Stranded
Insulation PVC
HT Cables (from distribution panel to feed-in point)
Design criteria IEC-60502
Cable material Al
Cable length from distribution 25 ft
panel to feed- in point
2
Cross section 185mm
Voltage drop (total) L1 1.37V
L2 1.37V
L3 1.37V
Relative power loss 0.57%
reference to Max AC power
Voltage grade 11KV(UE), heavy duty
SC withstand current capacity 26KA @1s
Insulation XLPE

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Line Losses
DC Side AC Side Total
Total cable 8120 ft 3070 ft 11180 ft
2 2 2 2
Cable cross 4 mm 16 mm +185 4 mm +16 mm
2
section mm +185
2
Power loss @ 35 KW 5 KW mm
40KW
nominal
operation
Relative power 0.07% 0.76% 0.83%
loss @ nominal
operation

Busbar constructional Analysis

Busbar material Main busbar Auxilury
busbar
Al alloy Copper
E91 E
Busbar insulation gradeinsulated
Fully
Busbar length Main Aux
3.5mt 0.75mt x 52
Earthing bus materials GS (IEEE std. 80/IEC-60439-
1)

Earthing & Lighting Protection

Design Criteria IEEE Standard-80
Grounding System Earth grid Less than 10
resistance ohm
Placing of Earth Pit
earth
Earth Electrode sizing electrode

Physical Parameters Heavy duty GI pipes, 32mm dia, 3mt

Material long
Galvanized Steel(GS), flat type
Min depth of earth pit 600mm
Components grounding Min 75x10mm GS strip
Lightning Protection
Design criteria As per IEC-62305
Placing On the highest panel of array
Dimension 40mm dia with 3m height
(vertical air termination)

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 CIVIL WORKS
Live Loads estimation of control room + admin
building (as per IS 875:1987)
parameter details Remarks
2
Roof load 1750 kg/ m As per IS-456
Ground floor Control 18000kg/ As per IS-456
load Office 5000kg/ IS-456
2
Piping 50 kg/ m As per IS-456
2
Electrical + 26 kg/ m As per IS-456
Seismic As per IS-456
loaddrainage
Roof
Roof drain 6
heads
Construction details
Interwall
Cement : 1:6
Interwall 230mm
thickness
Parapet walls
Cement : 1:4
thickness 115mm
Steel Reinforced bars will be
work provided as per IS
800:2007

PV Array mounting & constructional details

0 2
PV tilted angle 13 (@1070 W/m /day)
Mounting type Ground mounted
Overall dimension As per design
Foundation Plain cement concrete
Foundation grade 1:5:10
Wind load 9.72 Km/hr
Fixing type SS 304 fasteners

Total Land required 5 acres

 System Performance Analysis & Simulation

Solar Paths at site on monthly basis Reference Incident energy in collector plane

Normalized production per installed KWp

 Performance Ratio (PR)

Normalized Production & Loss factor

 Daily System Output Energy

SPV Array Power Distribution

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 Overall Power plant performance Summery
Total no. of PV modules 4326 (250Wp)
Total nos. of Inverters 53 (20KW)
Max DC input per 21KW
Nominal PV power 1082 KWp
Max. PV power output 1027 KWdc
Nominal AC power 1060KWac
Max operating power @ 962KWac
Max operating power 1027KWac
@Ambient Temp.
Plant production 1655 MWh/year
Specific production 1526KWh/KWp/year
Normalized production 4.2 kWh/KWp/day
Array losses 0.87 KWh/Kp/day
Overall losses 0.22 KWh/KWp/day
Performance ratio 0.80

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 Time line of the project

•Preparation of design & estimation of the plant

•15 working days required.
Design

•As per design requirement, proper land selection & acquisition processed.
Land •Time required 1 month
acquisit
ion

•Power Purchase Agreement(PPA) with private power purchaser need to be finalized at a feasible rate.
•Required time is 15 working days

PPA

•Preparation of Detailed Project Report including technical feasibility of the project prepared.
•Time required 6 working days.
DPR

•Arrangement of finance/fund for the project from nationalized or private financing agency with
significant interest rate and equity share will be finalized.
•Required time for this stage is 1 month.
finance

•After finalizing PPA and arrangement of fund for the project, procurement work starts including
preparation & finalizing of vendor selection, BOM, BOQ, order placing, follow-ups of delivery to
site/warehouse.
procurem •Estimated time for this step is 1 month.
ent

•After the processing of procurement, first civil construction at the site starts for PV mounting structure
set-up and
control-room, administrative building. Finishing the civil works, PV installation & all electrical
constru construction works including the Grid Evacuation will be processed.
ctio n •Estimated time for this whole work is 2 months.

commis
sio
ing

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ne.in 20
•Commissioning of
the plant by
authorized govt.
body or certified
3rd party will be
done followed by
Completion of
project
execution.
•required time for this
step is 6 working days.

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n
 Operation & Maintenance of Plant
Why do we need an O&M for Solar PV power plant?
As every plant needs a regular maintenance work to make it functional & in
well-condition, so in this case also, a PV power plant also requires a sound
& efficient operation & management team to perform all the work after
plant commissioning.
A detailed structure of O&M team has been provided here in a hierarchy
model to demonstrate in a simpler way.

operation
Plant manager
manager

maintenance
Maintenance Supply chain Accounts
Engineer (Mech)
engineer(E&IE) executive executive

control room
Technician1 Technician2 Skilled labour1 skilled labour2
technician

skilled labour1 skilled labour2

 Financial Analysis & feasibility
Initial Investment in terms of components’ cost & service charges

Sl. Components/services Total Remarks

No cost
.
1. Solar PV modules (in
45,100,000 41rs/Watt peak
2. Solar inverters 11,660,000 11rs/Watt peak
3. Transformer 2,940,000 From international
4. Protective devices 1,200,000 From international
5. Wires/Cables 1,000,000 vendor
Considering IEC
codes & ISO
6. SCADA/RMS 1,000,000 certified
7. Project execution & 2,000,000
8. Construction works 4,000,000
9. Grid evacuation 1,000,000 Assumed because of
(assumed) having no sufficient
10. Other official works 1,000,000 data
Subject to change
as per rules
Total Project investment 70,900,000 INR

Total expenses over the year for plant O&M and staffing = 2,000,000
This expense is considered for regular maintenance cleaning of PV array,
checking the status of inverter, cable-fault checking, emergency
maintenance & replacement of components and annual salaries of O&M
team of the plant.

Loan Interest rate is @12% over 70% of total project cost which shall be
completed within next 7 years (the rest 30% as equity shares).

Estimated time period 7 years 10 years

Total Loan amount 49,630,000 49,630,000
Interest rate 12% 12%
EMI 876,110 712,050
Monthly interest 285,270 298,460
total Interest paid 23,962,830 35,815,600

*all the amounts are considered in INR currency.

 Detailed Analysis of Installment, EMI, Interest of
the 70% project
finance/fund
Sl. Installme EMI Monthly Monthly
No. nts principle Interest
1 0 0 0 0
)
2 1 876,10 379,80 496,30
)
3 2 5
876,10 5
383,60 0
492,50
)4 3 5
876,10 3
387,43 2
488,66
)
5 4 5
876,10 9
391,31 6
484,79
)6 5 5
876,10 4
395,22 2
480,87
)
7 6 5
876,10 7
399,17 8
476,92
)
8 7 5
876,10 9
403,17 6
472,93
)
9 8 5
876,10 1
407,20 4
468,90
)
1 9 5
876,10 3
411,27 3
464,83
0
1 10 5
876,10 5
415,38 1
460,71
1 11 5
876,10 7
419,54 8
456,56
2
1 12 5
876,10 1
423,73 4
452,36
3
1 13 5
876,10 7
427,97 9
448,13
4
1 14 5
876,10 4
432,25 1
443,85
5
1 15 5
876,10 4
436,57 1
439,52
6
1 16 5
876,10 6
440,94 9
435,16
7
1 17 5
876,10 2
445,35 3
430,75
8
1 18 5
876,10 1
449,80 4
426,30
9
2 19 5
876,10 5
454,30 0
421,80
0
2 20 5
876,10 3
458,84 2
417,25
1
2 21 5
876,10 6
463,43 9
412,67
2 22 5
876,10 4
468,06 1
408,03
3
2 23 5
876,10 9
472,74 6
403,35
4
2 24 5
876,10 9
477,47 6
398,62
5
2 25 5
876,10 7
482,25 8
393,85
6
2 26 5
876,10 2
487,07 3
389,03
7
2 27 5
876,10 4
491,94 1
384,16
8
2 28 5
876,10 5
496,86 0
379,24
9
3 29 5
876,10 4
501,83 1
374,27
0
3 30 5
876,10 3
506,85 2
369,25
1
3 31 5
876,10 1
511,92 4
364,18
2
3 32 5
876,10 0
517,03 5
359,06
3 33 5
876,10 9
522,21 6
353,89
4
3 34 5
876,10 0
527,43 6
348,67
5
3 35 5
876,10 2
532,70 4
343,39
6
3 36 5
876,10 6
538,03 9
338,07
7
3 37 5
876,10 3
543,41 2
332,69
8
3 38 5
876,10 3
548,84 2
327,25
9
4 39 5
876,10 7
554,33 8
321,76
0 5 6 9
4 40 876,10 559,87 316,22
1
4 41 5
876,10 9
565,47 6
310,62
2
4 42 5
876,10 8
571,13 7
304,97
3
4 43 5
876,10 3
576,84 2
299,26
4 44 5
876,10 4
582,61 1
293,49
5
4 45 5
876,10 3
588,43 2
287,66
6
4 46 5
876,10 9
594,32 6
281,78
7
4 47 5
876,10 3
600,26 2
275,83
8
4 48 5
876,10 6
606,26 9
269,83
9
5 49 5
876,10 9
612,33 6
263,77
0
5 50 5
876,10 2
618,45 3
257,65
1
5 51 5
876,10 5
624,64 0
251,46
2
5 52 5
876,10 0
630,88 6
245,21
3
5 53 5
876,10 6
637,19 9
238,91
4
5 54 5
876,10 5
643,56 0
232,53
5 55 5
876,10 7
650,00 8
226,10
6
5 56 5
876,10 2
656,50 3
219,60
7
5 57 5
876,10 2
663,06 3
213,03
8
5 58 5
876,10 8
669,69 8
206,40
9
6 59 5
876,10 8
676,39 7
199,71
0
6 60 5
876,10 5
683,15 0
192,94
1
6 61 5
876,10 9
689,99 6
186,11
2
6 62 5
876,10 1
696,89 4
179,21
3
6 63 5
876,10 1
703,86 4
172,24
4
6 64 5
876,10 0
710,89 6
165,20
5
6 65 5
876,10 8
718,00 7
158,09
6 66 5
876,10 7
725,18 8
150,91
7
6 67 5
876,10 7
732,43 8
143,66
8
6 68 5
876,10 9
739,76 6
136,34
9
7 69 5
876,10 3
747,16 2
128,94
0
7 70 5
876,10 1
754,63 4
121,47
1
7 71 5
876,10 3
762,17 2
113,92
2
7 72 5
876,10 9
769,80 6
106,30
3
7 73 5
876,10 1
777,49 498,60
4
7 74 5
876,10 9
785,27 6
90,83
5
7 75 5
876,10 4
793,12 1
82,97
6
7 76 5
876,10 7
801,05 9
75,04
7 77 5
876,10 8
809,06 7
67,03
8
7 78 5
876,10 8
817,15 7
58,94
9
8 79 5
876,10 9
825,33 6
50,77
0
8 80 5
876,10 1
833,58 4
42,52
1
8 81 5
876,10 4
841,92 1
34,18
2
8 82 5
876,10 0
850,33 5
25,76
3
8 83 5
876,10 9
858,84 6
17,26
4
8 84 5
876,10 2
867,43 3
8,674
5 5 1

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Net Cash Flow/year Estimation (all amounts are in INR)
Initial Investment 70,900,00
Expenses for O&M per year 2,000,000
Total amount paid/year for loan(7 10,513,320
years term considered)
Tolerance factor 2%
Total amount to be paid per year 12,763,600
Energy generated per year 1,655MWh
PPA rate for next 12 years 7.5rs/KWh
REC floor price 12,000rs/MWh (approx.)
Gross cash flow through PPA 12,412,500
Gross cash flow through REC trading 19,860,000
Net Cash Flow (NCF) per year 21,759,180

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 NET CASH FLOW & PAY BACK PERIOD
Now according to Discounted Cash Flow method (considering @10% DCF)

years Present value of rs.1 @10%

1 0.909 19,779,094.62
2 0.826 17,973,082.68
3 0.751 16,341,144.18
4 0.683 14,861,519.94
5 0.621 13,512,450.78
6 0.564 12,272,1
7 0.513 11,162,459.34
8 0.467 92,145,357.80
9 0.424 83,660,898.56
10 0.386 76,162,987.84

So, Pay Back Period= 6 years 1 month (approx.)

Most suitable vendors/suppliers of the project
Solar PV modules 1 Vikram Solar
.
2 Waaree Energies
.
3 Sova Power
.4 Canadian Solar
.
5 Trina Solar
.
6 First Solar
Inverter .1 Power One
.
2 SMA
.
3 Smart Power
.4 REFusol
.
5 Delta
.
6 Schneider Electric
Transformer .1 ABB
.2 Schneider Electric
.
3 Ascott transformer
.
4 Voltech
Switch gear .1 Schneider Electric
.
2 Megawin
DC Disconnect .
1 Schneider Electric
Circuit breaker 1 Megawin
.2 ABB
.
SCADA/RMS 1 Draker
Cables 1 Havells
.
2 Finolex cables
.
3 RR Kabels
.4 Anchors
Isolator .
1 ABB
.
2 Schneider Electric
.
3 Megawin
.
THANK YOU