Dear Er.

MallikarjunG,

I think this example I prepared for one Engineer should help.

"I can help you with this problem of "CONCRETE CRACKED SECTION
PROPERTIES" to be used in Concrete Frame Analysis in STAAD/PRO or SAP-
2000. Recently I myself run in to this problem while reviewing a fellow
Engineers Concrete Frame Analysis and Design. This Frame Analysis and
Design for an International Project was based on ACI 318-05 . Properties of
Concrete Frame analysis were based on Gross Section ( Ig = 1/12X bxd**3)
and not on reduced properties of ACI 318-05 section 10.11.1. This was
corrected later. A new analysis and design was redone.
Point is there still exist some confusion for many engineers on International
Projects as to how to meet requirements of ACI 318 code for Concrete
Frame Analysis. What is the intent of ACI 318-11 Section 8.7, 8.8.1 and
8.8.2.?

Here is my understanding (Supported by ACI) of Concrete Cracked Section

Properties based on ACI 318-11 Section 8.8.1 and 8.8.2 (a).
Cracked Section properties from Section 10.10.4.1:
Modulus of Elasticity Ec = Ec section 8.5.1 (No reduction)
Moment of Inertia of Columns (Iyy and Izz) = 0.7Ig (Ig = Gross Ig =
1//12bd**3)
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ

Moment of Inertia of Beams (Iyy and Izz) = 0.35Ig (Ig = Gross Ig =

1/12bd**3)
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ

There are two separate analysis you will be doing of your 3D Concrete
Frame:
1) At Service Load Combinations:----For Frame Drift, Member Deflections
and Foundation Pressures (Soil Bearing Stress): Based on section 8.8.1:
a) For Columns Use Iyy and Izz = 1.4X0.7Ig = 0.98Ig = Ig (at Service
Load combinations you can use Ig (un cracked) for Columns.
b) For Beams (Flexure) Use Iyy and Izz = 1.4X0.35Ig = 0.49Ig (say 0.5Ig
or 50% of gross Moment of Inertia for beams. Think of this even at Service
Loads analysis .
ACI Code wants you use only 50%Ig for Beams in Frame Analysis. This will
change your frame Drift, Member Deflections and may impact your Frame
Member Sizes to get to the allowable Drift, Member Deflections
Values. STAAD/PRO Tech. Reference Manual Section 3.3 has the same
values of Concrete Cracked section Properties for Beams (50% Ig) for
many years.

2) At Factored Load Combinations:-- For Member Design Forces and

Reinforcement Design.
a) For Columns use Iyy and Izz = 0.7Ig
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
b) For Beams (Flexure) use Iyy and Izz = 0.35Ig
No reduction in Ixx (Torsion) and Ax, AY , AZ
If you want Code also allows you to use Iyy and Izz = 0.5Ig for both
Columns and Beams based on section 8.8.2(b).

Point is using Gross Moment of Inertia Ig for Concrete Frame Analysis at

Factored Load Combinations is simply wrong. Some of us engineers still
have not cought up with this change and use Gross Moment Of Inertias (Ig)
for beams at Service Load and Factored Loads. Based on ACI 318 Code we
can not and should not do that.

I hope this answers your question.