RAFTING

Rafting and white water rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an
inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on whitewater or different
degrees of rough water. Dealing with risk and the need for teamwork is often a part of the
experience.[1] This activity as a leisure sport has become popular since the 1950s, if not earlier,
evolving from individuals paddling 10 feet (3.0 m) to 14 feet (4.3 m) rafts with double-bladed paddles
or oars to multi-person rafts propelled by single-bladed paddles and steered by a person at the
stern, or by the use of oars. [2] Rafting on certain sections of rivers is considered an extreme sport,
and can be fatal, while other sections are not so extreme or difficult. Rafting is also a competitive
sport practiced around the world which culminates in a world rafting championship event between
the participating nations. The International Rafting Federation, often referred to as the IRF, is the
worldwide body which oversees all aspects of the sport.[3] Whitewater rafting can be traced back to
1811 when the first recorded attempt to navigate the Snake River in Wyoming was planned. With no
training, experience, or proper equipment, the river was found to be too difficult and dangerous.
Hence, it was given the nickname “Mad River.” the first commercial rafting trip took place. On June
9, 1940, Clyde Smith lead a successful trip through the Snake River Canyon.[4]
 BUNGEE JUMPING

Bungee jumping is an extreme sport in which people jump from higher ground such as a
bridge with an elastic rope tied to their ankles to stop them from hitting the ground. The rope is
designed to stretch, not break. When the rope has stretched all the way, the jumper bounces back
up. When people jump they wear safety equipment like helmets and a harness.

CAVING

Caving – also traditionally known as spelunking in the United States and Canada and potholing in
the United Kingdom and Ireland – is the recreational pastime of exploring wild (generally non-
commercial) cave systems. In contrast, speleology is the scientific study of caves and the cave
environment.[1]
The challenges involved in caving vary according to the cave being visited; in addition to the total
absence of light beyond the entrance negotiating pitches, squeezes,[2] and water hazards can be
difficult.[3] Cave diving is a distinct, and more hazardous, sub-speciality undertaken by a small
minority of technically proficient cavers.[4] In an area of overlap between recreational pursuit and
scientific study, the most devoted and serious-minded cavers become accomplished at
the surveying and mapping of caves and the formal publication of their efforts. In the US, these are
generally private, but in the UK and other European countries are published freely and publicly.