PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, INC.

9th Region XII Technical Conference

Theme: “Building the Community by Building Professional Development”

Maria Antonia N. Tanchuling

MD Diola, JV Lumanog, AR Ramos, ED Osorio, FM Tandoc, PY Barriga
Institute of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman

26-27 April 2019

KCC Events and Convention Center, General Santos City
DISASTER WASTE AS A RECENT AREA OF STUDY

Solid
wastes
Disasters
342,922 142,010
Disaster
wastes
25,643

Number of publications in Science Direct (as of April 20, 2019)

What are Disaster Wastes?
◆concrete, steel, wood, clay and tar
elements from damaged buildings
and infrastructures;
◆household furnishings;
◆parts of the power and telephone
grids such as electrical poles, wire,
electronic equipment, transformers;
◆parts from water and sewage
distribution systems;
◆natural debris such as clay, mud,
trees, branches, bushes, palm tree
leaves;
◆chemicals, dyes and other raw
materials from industries and
workshops;
◆damaged boats, cars, buses, bicycles;
◆unexploded bombs (e.g., landmines);
◆pesticides and fertilizers;
◆household cleaners; paint, varnish and
solvents;
◆healthcare waste[3].
 waste from relief operations;
 waste from disaster settlements and
camps including food waste,
packaging materials, excreta
TYPES AND SOURCES OF DISASTER WASTES
HOW MUCH WASTE IS GENERATED?
 DISASTERS
Huge Volume of Debris, Disaster wastes
Urgent and early stage

Obstacles in rescue &

Hindering recovery and restoration
Physical and Mental Stressors to Survivors

Concerns in long term

Environmental problems
Pollution / Modification of city planning
© Takemura, 2014
NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES
◆ 3rd most disaster-prone country in the world because of its
high exposure to natural calamities (World Disaster Report 2012)
◆ more than 20 typhoons every year
◆ The Philippines also lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire and Typhoon Belt
MAN-MADE DISASTERS
◆ Terrorism/war
◆ Fire
◆ Mining Accidents
◆ Transportation
◆ Oil Spill
DRMM FRAMEWORK (2010)
 Disaster Waste Management Framework
B a s e d o n U N O C H A D i s a s t e r Wa s t e M a n a g e m e n t G u i d e l i n e

Phase I: Emergency
Identify waste Characterize Assess Prioritize
Map waste
issues waste waste actions

Phase II: Early Recovery

Communication and
Assessments Operation Planning
Reporting

Phase III: Recovery

Implementation of disaster Continued monitoring and evaluation
waste projects of disaster waste situation

Phase IV: Contingency Planning

Developing Disaster Waste Management
Contingency Plan
AFP Photo/Ted Aljibe

AFP Photo/Ted Aljibe

 CASE STUDIES
NCR – Typhoons and flood Tacloban City, Anglesinasphere.wordpress.com

Leyte – storm
surge and
strong winds
caused by
Typhoon
Haiyan (2013)
Bicol – Typhoons and flood

Bohol –
magnitude 7.2
earthquake
(2013)
 Category ５: Super typhoon
TACLOBAN CITY Minimum pressure： 895hPa
Wind speed：（1 mins） 315km/h
(87.5m/s)
(10 mins）230km/h (64m/s)
(Instant) 378km/s
Anglesinasphere.wordpress.com
(105m/s) Kickerdailly.com

Height of storm surge: 5 – 6 m

 TACLOBAN CITY
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF DISASTER WASTES

1.1 M m3 of disaster
wastes (estimated Brought to temporary Final disposal site
based on number of disposal sites (Sto. Nino dumpsite)
trucks)
 TACLOBAN CITY
UTILIZATION OF DEBRIS
No centralized materials recovery facility in the entire island

January 2015
Coco lumber from felled coconuts
 TACLOBAN CITY

Sto Niño dumpsite

16 kms from city proper

• Barangay Sto. Niño, the “regular”

dumpsite of Tacloban starting in 2009
• Debris: GI sheets, wood, household
stuff
• Other disaster wastes: relief goods,
temporary building materials
• Recyclable materials brought to final
disposal site
BOHOL
 BOHOL

January 28, 2016

January 29
January 30
Robert Michael Poole
Site Inspection
 BOHOL
18 damaged roads
16 October 2013
Damaged highway at
Getafe, Bohol(Reuters /
Erik De Castro)

Interaksyon.com

17 October 2013
Damaged bridge at Cortes,
Bohol (AP / Bullit Marquez)

41 damaged bridges
Philstar.com
BOHOL
 BOHOL
INTERVIEW WITH LGUS
Cortes
Loon
Maribojoc
Sagbayan
Tubigon

LGU Representatives
MPDC Aristobola Solis
MPDC Maximo Lumusbog
M P D C E n g r. N o e l
Mendana
M P D C E n g r. A l a n R e l a t o r
M P D C E n g r. M a . N e n i t a
Chiu
 BOHOL
TYPES OF WASTE GENERATED BY BOHOL EARTHQUAKE

Other wastes include GI

sheets, bulbs and broken
glass
 BOHOL
SUMMARY OF GAPS AND CONSTRAINTS
NCR
 NCR
SUMMARY OF SWM AND DWM IN NCR
Solid Waste Management Disaster Waste Management

# of
Highest Recorded Documentation
City Population Waste Generation Most Abundant MRF # of Temporary Storage
3 W ACS Disposal Site Disaster W aste Flood Prone Areas of Recovery
(m / day) Type of W aste and Brgy 3 Facility
Generation (m /day) Phase
MRS

Biodegradable Dampalit , Concepcion,

Malabon 353,337 1,521.41 2014 56 21 NSL 45 ha 1,600 Pot rero, Malabon No
(41.94%) Tulyahan upst ream
St a. Cruz, Espanya,
Manila 1,652,171 7,411 - - 46 896 NSL 45 ha 19,200 - Yes
Sampaloc, Tondo
Nangka, Tumana,
Sumulong Highway,
Malanday, St o. Niño, San
Paper SM underloop, St o.
Marikina 424,150 1,903.27 2015 8 16 RSL 64 ha 95,000 Roque, St a. Elena, Yes
(19.15%) Niño playground, Brgy.
Calumpang, Jesus dela
Malanday
Peña, Tanyong, IVC

Kit chen Wast e San Rafael, San Roque,

Navot as 249,131 1,117.88 2014 14 14 NSL 45 ha - - Yes
(35.67%) Tanza

Kit chen Wast e St a. Lucia, Sant olan,

Pasig 669,773 3,005.38 2003 17 30 RSL 64 ha 47,668 East West Bank Yes
(23%) Manggahan, Maybunga

West River Side Dist rict ,

Biodegradable
QC 2,761,620 12,392.31 2013 122 142 QCSL 39 ha 42, 930 - Novaliches, Commonwealt h, Yes
(53.98%)
Bagong Silangan, Payat as

Taguig 644,473 2,891.86 - - 8 28 RSL 64 ha - - Dist rict 1 No

 NCR
ASSESSMENT OF DWM IN NCR
UNEP-OCHA Disaster W aste Management Guidelines Malabon Manila Marikina Navotas Pasig Quezon Taguig
Identificat ion of wast e issues
Characterization of waste
Phase I
Hazard Ranking Tool Generat ion of wast e map
(Pre-recovery)
Assessment of wast e
Priority act ion
Disaste waste and waste management
Assessment
facilit ies
Est ablishment of t emporary st orage sites
Operations
Phase II Collection and t ransportat ion of wast es
(Recovery) Communications plan
Planning
Consult ation with affect ed communities
Communication and Communicat ing of findings and
Report ing documentat ion of assessment
Communicat ions plan with key st akeholders
Procurement and repair of waste management facilit ies and
Phase III resources
(Post-recovery)
Handover of disaster wast e management systems int o normalized
and improved solid waste management

Pre-planning act ivities

Establishment of government coordination
Phase IV Ident ification of typical disaster wast e
(Contingency) Secondary activities Pre-select of temporary storage sit es

Recycling, wast e-to-energy disposal options

 NCR
REQUIRED TEMPORARY STORAGE BASED ON UNEP
Waste height = 2.5 m
Highest Recorded Disaster W aste Area required for Temporary Storage
City 3 2
Generation (m /day) Facility (m )

Malabon 1,600 640

Manila 19,200 7680
Marikina 95,000 38000
Navotas - -
Pasig 47,668 19067.2
Quezon 42,930 17172
Taguig - -
BICOL REGION
2006-2016 TYPHOONS

Data Source: PAGASA

 BICOL
TYPHOON REMING
[International Name: DURIAN]

Volume of Waste Generated

97 000 cubic meters
◆Types of Waste Collected
◆biodegradable; green wastes - house debris, trees
debris;plastic; paper; glass/bottles; metals; residual wastes
 BICOL
TYPHOON GLENDA
[International Name: Rammasun]

Volume of Waste Generated

560 tons (20%-30% from adjacent provinces)

Types of Waste Collected

biodegradable; electrical posts; green wastes - house debris, trees
debris;plastic; paper; glass/bottles; metals; residual wastes
VOLUME OF WASTES PRODUCED BY TYPHOON REMING (2006)
Legazpi City Sto. Domingo Naga City
Volume of 127 7 -
Wastes (tons)
Types of Wastes House debris, Yard and Field Electrical posts,
Collected trees debris, Waste, House house debris, trees
plastics, paper, Debris, trees debris, building
Biodegradable debris, debris,
(Food Wastes), biodegradable Biodegradable
glass, metals, wastes, glass, Wastes, glass,
residual wastes; metals, plastic bottles, metals,
bottles, residual residual wastes;
wastes

Data courtesy: APSEMO

 MUNICIPAL & DISASTER WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES
Sto. Domingo Naga
DISPOSAL TOTAL PERCENTAGE TYPES OF WASTES USED AND
PRACTICES WEIGHT [%] TRANSFERRED
[kg/day]
Dispose at Sanitary 1872 46.8 Trees, Branches Abattoir (slaughter
Landfill areas)

Dump in Open Pit 74 18.7 Leaves Filling areas for low

Areas
Junk Shop 492 12.3
MRF 344 8.6 Silt Low lying areas
Feed to Animals 256 6.4

Backyard 176 4.4 Regular Wastes Sanitary Landfill

Composting (residual wastes)
Others 112 2.8
TOTAL 4000 100
Data Courtesy: Sto. Domingo 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan
Naga 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan
 Waste Disposal Sites and Waste Materials
Facilities

Cell 1 Cell 2
LANDFILL CELLS AREA (hectares) NET AIR SPACE (cubic- CAPACITY (cubic-meter)
meter)
Landfill Cell 1 1.015 Hectares 42, 394 141, 358
Landfill Cell 2 0.371 Hectares 4675 15, 588

Sanitary Landfill: Sitio Caridad, Barangay Banquerohan , Legazpi

City
Size: 1.5 hectares
Data Courtesy: Legazpi City Best Practices on Solid Waste
Opened in March 2011, Started Operations in October 2011
Management
 Waste Disposal Sites and Waste Materials
Facilities

Sanitary Landfill in Bical Salvacion, Sto. Sanitary Landfill: Balatas

Domingo Dumpsite at Zone 5, Balatas, Naga
Size: 3.5 hectares City
start of operations in Early 2015 Size: 4 hectares, 30 meters deep
Lifespan: 15 years Lifespan: 58 years
Handles 133000 tons of waste
Data Courtesy: Naga 10 Year Solid Waste Management Plan
ASSESSMENT OF DWM IN BICOL
4 Phases of DWM Response (UN OCHA)
1. Emergency Phase
2. Early Recovery Phase
3. Recovery Phase
4. Contingency Planning
Phase 1: Emergency Phase
Immediate Legazpi Sto. Domingo Naga
Actions
Identification of
Waste Issues
Waste
Characterization
Availability of
Equipment

YES NO DATA/ACTION 0 - 72 HOURS

ASSESSMENT OF DWM IN BICOL
0 - 72 HOURS

Phase 1: Emergency Phase

Immediate Legazpi Sto. Domingo Naga
Actions
Waste Map
Generation
Identify Disposal
Sites
Assess Disposal
Sites
Clearing of Main
Roads
Separation of
Hazardous
Wastes

YES LATE NO DATA/ACTION

ASSESSMENT OF DWM IN BICOL

Phase 2: Early Recovery Phase

ACTIVITIES Legazpi Sto. Domingo Naga

Assessment of
wastes and wastes
disposal sites

Total Operation on
wastes

Planning for the

recovery phase
Communication
and Reporting

DONE NO DATA/ACTION
ASSESSMENT OF DWM IN BICOL

Phase 3: Recovery Phase

Activities Legazpi Sto. Domingo Naga

Implementation of
Communication
Plans
Repair of Plants,
Machineries and
Equipment
Training for Waste
Management
Operators
Address Proper
Disposal and Waste
Segragation

DONE NO DATA/ACTION
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
◆ Difficulty in managing debris due to absence of disaster
waste management plan
◆ Disaster Waste Management Plan should be established
in order to minimize the risk on human health and the
environment
◆ No segregation of wastes during the emergency phase
◆ No documentation (wastes generated, storage and
disposal facilities)
◆ LGUs should establish and implement solid waste
management plans as part of disaster preparedness
Functional Elements of a Waste
generation
Solid Waste Management
System

Waste handling, separation, storage,

and processing at the source

Collection

Separation and
Transfer and
transformation
transport
of solid wastes
Disposal
 PLANNING FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT
Pre-disaster

• Coordination with local agencies

• Forecast amounts and types of wastes
• Identify temporary storage areas
• Determine current capacity of waste facilities including recycling and recovery options
• Inventory of equipment and administrative needs
• Plan for hazardous and healthcare wastes management
• OBSERVE GOOD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON A DAILY BASIS

Emergency Phase

• Collect debris, dispose in temporary areas

• Management of temporary wastes storage sites
• Document types and quantities of wastes

Recovery

• Implement waste management plans

• Monitoring of disaster waste management
REFERENCES
◆ National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) 2011-2028,
◆ Baycan, F. and Petersen, M. 2002. Disaster Waste management – C D Waste, International Solid
Waste Association Annual Congress, Istanbul
◆ Charlotte O. Brown, Disaster Waste Management: A Systems Approach
◆ Disaster Waste Management Guidelines, UN-OCHA, 2011
◆ Planning for Natural Disaster Debris (EPA, 2008)
◆ FEMA, 2007. Debris Management Guide, Public Assistance
◆ Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA) (2015)
Disaster Management Reference Handbook (2015) – Philippines
◆ http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
◆ Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and
Development (UPD OVCRD)
◆ Local Government units of NCR, Bohol, Tacloban and
Bicol

Tanchuling Diola Lumanog Ramos Osorio Tandoc Barriga