Colligative Properties

(Assignment in Chemistry)

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Fernandez, Jerome R. Dr. Victorio Duyan

February 14, 2018

Colligative Properties of Solution:

A colligative property is a property that is dependent on the number of solute particles

dissolved; it is an intrinsic property which means it does not depend on the identity of the solute
hence it simply depends on the quantity of solute that is dissolved.

Types of Colligative Properties:

Vapor Pressure

Is a colligative property that specifies the liquid’s evaporation rate; it states that
the pressure of solution is equal to the product of the solvent’s pressure and its mole
fraction. The Vapor pressure of a solution can be volatile and non-volatile.

Formula:

Psoln. = Xsolvent Psolvent

Example Problem:

A 30g of glucose is dissolved in 500mL of water at 25˚C. What is the

vapour pressure of the solution? (The vapour pressure of water is 23.88 torr at
25˚C and the density of water is 1g/mL)

Solution:

Given: 500mL

30g of C6 H12 O6

Density of water 1g/mL

23.88 torr

Missing: mole fraction of solvent and pressure of solution

1st) To get the mole fraction, determine the moles of water and glucose.
500mL 1g 1molH2O
( ) × (mL) ( ) = 27.753 mol of H2O
1 18.0g

30g 1molglucose
( )×( ) = 0.166 mol of Glucose
1 180.56g

2nd) Get the mole fraction of the solvent

nH2O
XH2O = nH2O+nGlucose
 27.753 molH2O
XH2O = (27.53molH2O+0.166 mol of Glucose) = 0.994

XH2O = 0.994

3rd) Apply the formula for vapor pressure

Psoln. = (0.994)(23.88 torr) = 23.66 torr

Psoln. = 23.66 torr

Boiling Point Elevation

It indicates that the boiling point of the solution increases for every additional
solute added; whereas the presence of solute causes the solvent a difficult time to enter
into vapor phase which requires the solution more thermal energy for it to become gas.

Formula:

∆T = K b m𝑖

∆T = Tsoln. − Tsolvent

so; Tsoln. − Tsolvent = K b m𝑖

Example Problem:

20g of NaOH was dissolved in 200g of water. Calculate the boiling

of the solution. The Kb for water is 0.51.

Solution:

Given: 20g of NaOH

Kb, 0.51

200g of H2O

Missing: molality and boiling point of solution

1st) Get the molality using the given mass of NaOH.

n
m = kg of solvent
 given mass
n = molar mass

20g
n = 40g/mol = 0.5 mol

0.5 mol
m = 0.2kg H2O = 2.5m

m = 2.5m

2nd) Determine the van’t Hoff factor

𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑂𝐻 − = 2

i = 2(since there are two solid ions)

3rd) Move the boiling point of solvent into the right side of
equation.

∆T = K b m𝑖

Tsoln. − Tsolvent = K b m𝑖

𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛. = 𝐾𝑏 𝑚𝑖 + 𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = (0.51)(2.5)(2) + 100

𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛. = 102.5˚𝐶

Freezing Point Depression

It is a colligative property which states that the freezing point of solvent decreases
by adding different compound. This phenomenon can be viewed in real life events such
as road salting to lower the freezing point of ice which allows the ice to melt at lower
temperature to prevent accidents.

Formula:

∆T = −K f m𝑖

∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛. − 𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

so; Tsoln. − Tsolvent = −K f m𝑖

Example Problem:
 Determine the freezing point o a solution if 400g of AlCl3 was
dissolved in 1600g of water. The Kf for water is 1.86.

Solution:

Given: 400g of Alcl3

1600g of water

Kf, 1.86

Missing: molality and boiling point of solution

1st) Get the molality using the given mass of AlCl3

n
m=
kg of solvent

given mass
n=
molar mass
400g
n=
133.5g/mol

n = 3 mol

3 molAlCl3
m=
1.6kgH2O

m = 1.875 mol

2nd) Determine the van’t Hoff factor

AlCl3 → Al3+ + 3Cl− = 3

i=3

3rd) Move the freezing point of solvent into the right side of the
equation

Tsoln. = −K f mi + Tsolvent

Tsoln = (−1.8)(1.875)(3) + 0

Tsoln = −13.95˚C
Osmotic Pressure

It is a pressure created by the solvent moving across a semipermeable membrane

due to osmosis. As the solvent flowing across the membrane increases the osmotic
pressure also increases.

Formula:

π = MRT𝑖

Example Problem:

Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 300mL solution made by dissolving

80g of NaOH at 27˚C.

Solution:

Given: 300mL volume

80g of NaOH

27˚C → 300K (temperature must always be in Kelvin)

𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚
0.0821 (universal gas constant)
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾

Missing: molarity and osmotic pressure

1st) Get the molarity

n
M= L of soln.

given mass
n = molar mass

80g NaOH
n = 40g/mol NaOH

n = 2 mol NaOH
2 mol NaOh
M= 0.3L

M = 6.67M

2nd) Determine the van’t Hoff factor

𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑂𝐻 − = 2

i=2
3rd) Apply the formula for osmotic pressure

π = (6.67)(0.0821)(300)(2)

π = 328.4 atm
 Sources:

Colligative Properties. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Colligative-Properties.html

Colligative Properties| Types of Colligative Properties | Example. (2017, September 12).

Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://byjus.com/chemistry/colligative-properties/

Helmenstine, P. A. (n.d.). What Is Freezing Point Depression? Retrieved February 13, 2018,
from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-freezing-point-depression-604471

Colligative Properties Equations and Formulas - Examples in everyday life. (2016, July 14).
Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4OM0M-EqH4

Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression Problems - Equation / Formula. (2016,
July 14). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHUs7_N8gQ

(n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/freezing-point-

depression-definition-equation-examples.htm

Osmotic Pressure Problems - Chemistry - Colligative Properties, Osmosis. (2016, October 27).
Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZtViSb7eME

(n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/osmotic-pressure-

definition-formula-quiz.html