COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE OF COOLING SYSTEM:

• When engine is running heat should continuously be removed.

• Maintain the proper specified temperature inside the engine

all the time.

• Bring cold engine up to normal operating temperature as

quickly as possible
 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE

PRINCIPLE:
• Cooling/Heating system follow the principle of heat transfer.

• Heat is transfer from hot to cold medium.

• Heat Transfer follow three modes.

– Conduction .
– Convention.
– Radiation.
 COOLING SYSTEM

• High temperatures in the engine due to

combustion of fuel About 2500°C

• Approximately only 35% of the heat

energy produced by the burning of the fuel
is converted into useful energy.

• The remaining heat must be removed from

the engines components or they would get
so hot, they could seize and possibly melt.

• Liquid or Air Cooling are the two main

systems used

• Engine too cool would reduce thermal

efficiency and therefore increase fuel
consumption
 Air Cooled
Water Cooled

Water Jackets

Cooling Fins
 COOLING SYSTEM

WATER COOLING:
• Water jackets are provided inside
the cylinder block.

• Radiator is connected to the engine

block.

• Fan draws cold air from outside

through the radiator.

• Pump / Impeller increases the

water circulation.
 COOLING SYSTEM

AIR COOLING:
• Cylinder cast with number of fins.

• Used in motorcycles and scooters.

• Good for application in very hot

• and cold areas.
 The Air Cooling system
• The amount of heat carried off by the air-cooling depends upon the

(i) The total area of the fin surfaces

(ii) The velocity and amount of the cooling air and

(iii) The temperature of the fins and of the cooling air

 The Air Cooling System
• Advantages-system is simpler and lighter in weight (less parts), no coolant leaks,
works in all climates.
• Disadvantages-Greater engine noise due to no water jackets, not suitable for in-
line engines due to heat build up, cooling fan absorbs or uses a significant amount
of engine power.
 COOLING SYSTEM

RAM/FORCED AIR FLOW:

• Fan is used to force the air on

engine.

• Ducts also incorporate along with

fan to increase the air flow.
 COOLING SYSTEM

Combustion temperatures in cylinders up to 2500ºC (4500ºF).

Normal coolant temperature 80-100ºC (180-210ºF).
Coolant radiates excess heat to the air.
Air flow is fan assisted.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
MAJOR COMPONENTS: OTHER ACCESSORIES:
• Radiator. -Securing devices.
• Cooling Fan. -Anti-freeze/inhibitor.
• Pressure cap. -Drive belts.
• Impeller/Water Pump. -Temperature warning indicators.
• Thermostat. -Shutters/control systems.

• Reservoir tank.
• Heater core.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

COOLING FAN:
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

RADIATOR:
• Type of Heat exchanger.

• Responsible for cooling circulated

water.

• Water circulated inside the tube.

• Core is usually made of stacked

layers of metal sheet.

• Brass or Copper cores soldered to

brass headers

• Modern radiator use plastic header

and aluminium core.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

A radiator may be either a down-flow or a cross flow type.

 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

Downflow Radiators
Tanks are on top and bottom.

Coolant flows down through

core tubes.
Core
tubes
Coolant flows out of bottom
tank back to engine.

Automatic transmission oil

coolers are at bottom.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

Crossflow Radiators
Tanks are on sides.

Core tubes run horizontally.

Transmission oil cooler may be

positioned in side tank.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP:

• Seals the top of the radiator till
neck to prevent leakage.

• Pressurizes system to raise boiling

point of coolant.

• Relieves excess pressure to

protect against system damage.
Radiator Pressure Cap
Radiator Cap
Pressurizes system and raises
boiling point.

Pressure valve opens when

coolant overheats.

Excess coolant released to

expansion tank.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

WATER PUMP/IMPELLER:
• Centrifugal Pump type.

• Driven by belt connected to

crankshaft.

• Circulates coolant through the

cooling system.

• High circulation of water increase

rate of heat dissipation in high
speed engine.
WATER PUMP/IMPELLER
 IMPELLER/WATER PUMP

Drive pulley

Main shaft

Seal

Bearings
Impeller

Water pump housing

 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

THERMOSTAT:
• Temperature-responsive coolant
flow control valve.

• A thermostat is open or close

depending on the temperature of
the coolant

• It sits between the engine and

the radiator.

• Ranges of thermostat open 90ºC

to 105º or from 194ºF to 221ºF
depending on the car.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
Thermostat
To top hose
When cold - thermostat closed. and radiator

Route to radiator cut off.

Bypass allows coolant to circulate

around engine.

When hot - wax-filled pellet

expands and opens thermostat.

Coolant allowed to flow to radiator

and by-pass port is blocked.

By-pass port
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
The operation of the Thermostat
COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
 THERMOSTAT
(a) When the engine is cold, the coolant flows through
the bypass.
(b) When the thermostat opens, the coolant can flow to
the radiator.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

RESERVIOR TANK:
• Also called coolant recovery or
expansion tank.

• Built-in with radiator or connected

separately through hose.

• Coolant forced into tank when

temperature increases.

• Prevent wastage of overflow

coolant in system.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

HEATER CORE:

• A heater core is a small radiator,

located under the dashboard of the
vehicle and consists of conductive
aluminum or brass tubing with
cooling fins to increase surface area.
Hot coolant passing through the
heater core gives off heat before
returning to the engine cooling
circuit.
• The fan for the vehicle's ventilation
system forces air through the heater
core to transfer heat from the
coolant to the cabin air, which is
directed into the vehicle through
vents at various points.
COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
Pressure caps hoses

Radiators

Cooling Fan
Thermostats

Impellers/pumps
Engine-Powered Fan

Main purpose is to generate air flow

across radiator core tubes, when the
vehicle is not moving

Bolts to water pump hub.

Electric Cooling Fan
Temperature sending unit
Uses DC motor and thermostat switch.

Low temperature:
◼ Low temperature indication.
◼ Thermostat switch open.

High temperature:
◼ High temperature indication.
◼ Thermostat switch closed.
◼ Current feeds fan motor.
Thermostat
switch
COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
 Rubber Hoses- Carry Coolant And
Allow For Engine Movement

Flexible hoses carry coolant between radiator, engine block and heater core.

Upper hose from the

radiator is connected to the
cylinder head.
Hoses carry coolant to
passenger compartment heater.
Lower hose from radiator is connected to
water pump.

Expansion tank keeps system topped up.

 SYSTEM ACCESSORIES

SECURING DEVICES:
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

ANTI-FREEZE:
• The fluid in your cooling system is used as a way to dissipate the
tremendous amount of heat an internal combustion engine
creates. Most new vehicles have an optimum operating
temperature of around 200 degrees Fahrenheit or about 93
degrees Celsius; water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or 100
degrees Celsius and freezes at 0 Celsius or 32 degrees
Fahrenheit. That is where Ethylene Glycol comes in; it is used as
a stabilizer to help keep the mixture in the cooling system from
boiling or freezing depending if the vehicle is in use.
• Ethylene Glycol in a 50% mixture with water can change the
freezing point from 0 Celsius to – 37 Celsius. It moves the boiling
point from 100 degrees Celsius to 106 degrees Celsius. Pressure
is the second way that the boiling point is raised; most vehicles
have between 13-15 psi (pounds per square inch) in the cooling
system. This can raise the boiling point of the fluid mixture
approximately 45 degrees Fahrenheit or just over 7 degrees
Celsius.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION

COOLANT VS ANTI-FREEZE:
Basically;
• Coolant and antifreeze refer to the
same product

• In below freezing, coolant lowers

the freeze point hence the name
“anti-freeze”.

• In warm weather coolant helps

raise the boiling point, "coolant“.

• Nowadays coolant consist both the

properties of anti-freeze and anti-
boil as well as corrosion inhibitors.
 COMPONENTS & FUNCTION
Antifreeze
Normal temperature range for water
to remain liquid. Boiling

Increases under pressure.

Ethylene Glycol additive to lower

freezing point.

Advantages of antifreeze: Freezing

◼ Prevents winter freezing.
◼ Resists rust and corrosion.
◼ Lubricates water pump.
 SYSTEM ACCESORIES

DRIVE BELTS:
There two type of drive belts:
V-TYPE:
It sits inside a deep v-shaped groove in
the pulley wheel.

SERPENTINE TYPE:
Flat profile with a number of grooves
running lengthwise.
 SYSTEM ACCESSORIES

TEMPERATURE WARING INDICATOR:

 SYSTEM ACCESSORIES

SHUTTERS/CONTROL SYSTEM:
• Control the direction of air flow.

• Incorporated with fan and heater/AC on dash panel.

• Plastic shutters commonly used.

 OPERATING PARAMETER

CORRECT TEMPERATURE:
• Engine Normal Operating Temperature Range: 90 ºC to 110 ºC or 195 F to 230
F.

• Thermostat Opening Temperature range : 85 ºC to 88 ºC. Or 185 F to 190 F

• Never run engine lower as 90 ºC as this will wear out the parts like piston/sleeve
quicker.

• Temperature over 110 degrees Celsius will do harm if there is not enough
lubrication.
 OPERATING PARAMETER

THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF COOLING SYSTEM:

Ratio of heat absorbed by the circulating water in system to the heat value of the
energy consumed
 OPERATING PARAMETER

TIME PARAMETER
• It is the time required to bring the engine under normal operating condition.

• It depends upon capacity of system components and system parameters

For example:
• Input Power of pump (KW).
• Flow rate of hot water (gal/min).
• Temperature difference between supply and return water in °F.
 INTRODUCTION TO LUBRICATION

“Process of supplying the lubricating oil between the moving parts of motor
vehicle is called lubrication”.

“The system through which lubricating oil is supplied between moving part is
called lubrication system.”

“The oil used to perform this task is called lubricants.”

 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

In general there are four types of lubrication system:

• Total Loss Lubrication.

• Simple Splash System.

• Pressure Feed System.

• Combined Splash and Pressure feed system.

 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
TOTAL LOSS LUBRICATION:
• Used in two stroke petrol engines
(scooters and motor cycles).

• Does not contain any separate part

like oil pump.

• 2% to 3% oil is mixed with petrol

while filling the tank

• During combustion petrol vaporize

while oil perform lubrication

• Since the oil gets used up after every

8 to 10 miles of running therefore it is
called total loss lubrication system
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

SIMPLE SPLASH SYSTEM:

• Oil pan or sump is fitted to lower part
of crankcase contain lubricating oil.

• Big end of connecting rod is brought in

contact with oil in sump.

• Oil gets splashed and crunched due to

the motion of crankshaft.

• Splashed oil is in the form of a dense

mist , split into fine particles.

• Oil sprayed over the inner walls of the

cylinders and the internal surfaces .

• Inner side of oil rings, piston, pin and

bearing also lubricate by this system.
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PRESSURE FEED SYSTEM
WET SUMP:
• Oil is forced with sufficient pressure
to enable it to reach even the
smallest clearances (nearly
0.001mm ).

• Pump is used to deliver the oil in

lines with pressure from sump.

• Oil from main gallery enter into

main bearing through drilled holes.

• From main bearing into crank-arms

and finally to crankpin bearing.
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PRESSURE FEED SYSTEM
WET SUMP:
• From Crankpin bearing it passed
under pressure through hole drilled
in central portion of connecting
rod.

• Finally it reaches to gudgeon pin.

• This oil lubricates the cylinder walls

from where the oil drips into sump.

• Since oil return to sump or sump

contain oil all time that’s why this
system also called wet sump
lubrication
Block diagram showing the oil flow in an engine-
lubricating system
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

PRESSURE FEED SYSTEM

DRY SUMP:
• It stores oil in a separate tank, or
reservoir.

• At least two oil pump used here.

• One pumps pulls oil from sump

and send it to tank.

• Second pump takes oil from tank

and send it main oil gallery to
lubricate the engine.
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

PRESSURE FEED SYSTEM

DRY SUMP:
• Remaining process is same as
describe in wet sump.

• Finally the dripped oil from the

engine into sump is scavenged
back to reservoir.

• Minimum oil will possibly remain

in sump that’s why it is called dry
sump.
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF DRY SUMP:

• Prevent Oil from Sloshing in sump
during high speed cornering ,
braking and acceleration

• Shallower oil pan allowing engine

to be lowered in chassis.

• The oil capacity of a dry sump can

be as big as you want

• Increased Horsepower

• Preferred for Racing cars

 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

MAIN COMPONENTS SYSTEM ACCESORIES

• Pressure Relief valve. • Ventilation/breathing valve.
• Main oil filters. • Pipes.
• Pump inlet filters. • Hoses.
• Coolers. • Filler/ Oil level indicators.
• Oil pumps. • Securing devices.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

OIL PUMP:
Installed inside crankcase
below the level of lubricating oil.

Commonly
Three types of oil pump are used:

1. Gear pump

2. Crescent Pump

3. Rotary Pump / Trochoid Pump

 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

TYPE OF OIL PUMP

1. GEAR PUMP:
• The gear type oil pump consists of
two identical gears.

• One gear revolve freely on its own

axis.

• Other driven by gear of camshaft.

• As engine runs, two gear rotates

together in a housing.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

TYPE OF OIL PUMP

2. Crescent Pump:
• This type of oil pump is driven by
the crankshaft and operates at
engine speed. In this style of oil
pump, two gears and a crescent
stationary element are used.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

TYPE OF OIL PUMP

3. ROTOR PUMP / TROCHOID PUMP:

• Here two rotors are used instead of

gears.

• Inner rotor meshes internally with outer

rotor.

• Both rotates on different axis.

• Cam rotate drive shaft.

• Drive shaft rotate inner rotor.

• Inner rotor cause outer rotor to turn

with it.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF ROTOR PUMP:

• The Rotary pump is simple in design and operation.

• Highly reliable.

• Discharge a larger amount of oil at one time.

• Over all size of the pump can be smaller due to high discharge rate.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:

• Maintain oil at proper pressure.

• A ball and spring are used to

release the oil pressure.

• When pressure increase, the ball is

lifted and valve is thus compressed.

• High pressure oil pass through

bypass passage.

• Finally comeback to inlet, thus oil

pressure released.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
OIL FILTERS:

• Removes the foreign material and

impurities.

• Oil enters the filter through a

Micronics paper elements.

• Filtered oil enters through central

pipe and leaves through a pipe to
galleries.

• Bypass valve in filter used to supply

oil to engine when filter choked.

• Filter paper must be replaced time

to time because it cannot cleaned.
Oil Filter By-Pass valve
working
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PUMP INLET FILTERS / OIL STAINER:

• A primary filter element.

• Filter lubrication oil passing from oil sump to oil
pump,
• Stops the large dust or impurities
• Placed inside the sump with pump.
• Protect the pump blockage
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
OIL COOLERS:

• Prevent engine oil temperature to

reach above specified limit .

• Commonly used in heavy duty

engine.

• Works like a simple heat exchanger.

• Water type cooler commonly used

in lubricating system.

• When oil temperature rise it gives

away heat to circulating water.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

OIL COOLERS:

• Increased viscosity of oil at low

temperature may damage cooler.

• The relief valve is provided to

prevent this damage.

• It opens up by pressure difference

b/w inlet and outlet.

• When valve open oil by-pass the

cooler hence prevent damage.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
VENTILATION/BREATHING:

• Engine breathing is usually associated

with efficient intake systems

• High flow air filter, a well designed

manifold are examples of good
breathing

• Efficient ‘crankcase breathing’ is an

equally important function of any
engine

• If it is blocked or restricted, the

crankcase will pressurize causing any
one or more of the following
problems
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM

VENTILATION/BREATHING:
Problems of inadequate Crankcase ventilation

• The oil/air mix will force its way out through any other convenient exit e.g.
oil seals, dip stick, filler cap, etc.

• Increased oil consumption.

• Increased engine wear.

• Starting problems and rough idling conditions.

 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
A small amount of charge in the cylinder leaks past piston rings into crankcase of the
reciprocating engines. Near top dead center (TDC) when the rings change their position
in the grooves at the end of compression stroke, combustion has already begun and the
cylinder pressures are high. A significant part of charge stored in the piston- ring-cylinder
crevice leaks into the crankcase. These gases are known as ‘crankcase blow by’ and their
flow rate increases as the engine is worn out and the piston - cylinder clearances and ring
gaps increase
VENTILATION/BREATHING:
Positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)

• Reduce blow-by emission from the

engine.

• Use Intake vacuum to siphon blow-by

vapor back into manifold.

• Allow HC to be re-burned and

eliminate blow-by vapor.

• A Spring loaded valve with sliding

“Pintel” (tapper like bullet) controls
airflow.
 COMPONENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
VENTILATION AND BREATHING:
Positive crankcase ventilation(PVC)
• Typically located in a valve cover or the
intake valley, and usually fits into a
rubber grommet.

• Hose connects the top of PCV valve to

vacuum port on throttle body, carburetor
or intake manifold

• Hose allow the vapor to be siphoned

directly into the engine

• Hose prevent the gumming up of vapor

to throttle body or carburetor.

• PCV flow changes with engine speed and

load
PCV Valve open and close according
Engine speed and load
 LUBRICANTS

VISCOSITY INDEX:

• The most important engine oil property is its thickness or viscosity.

• As oil is cooled, it gets thicker.

• As oil is heated, it gets thinner.

• Viscosity changes with temperature.

 LUBRICANTS

The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, dimensionless measure of the change

of viscosity with temperature, mostly used to characterize the viscosity-
temperature behavior of lubricating oils. The lower the VI, the more
the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature.
 LUBRICANTS
SAE RATING:
• The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
viscosity grading system for engine oils
consists of “W” grades that define low
temperature viscosities and “straight”
grades that put further limits on high
temperature viscosities.

• Oils tested at 212°F (100°C) have a

number with no letter.

• Oils tested at 0°F (-18°C) are rated with

a number and the letter W (ex: SAE
20W).
 LUBRICANTS
SAE MULTIGRADE OILS RATING:
• Oils can be separated
into multigrade oils and
monograde oils. Multigrade oils
must fulfill two viscosity
specifications, their viscosity
grade consists of two numbers.
• Multi-grade oil have dual
properties like SAE 5W-30.

• It meets SAE 5W viscosity

specification when cooled 0°F
or -18°C.

• Also meets SAE 30 viscosity

specification when tested at
212°F.
 LUBRICANTS
API RATING:
• API means American Petroleum
institute.

• It classify Service Rating of motor oil.

• Gasoline engine rating identify by letter

“S”.

• S means service but also identify as

spark-ignition engines.

• Diesel classification begin with letter

“C”.

• C means commercial but also indicate

compression ignition.
 LUBRICANTS

CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS:
General Classification:
Mineral oil- Refined form naturally occurring substance.
Synthetic oil-Manufactured product with additives.
 LUBRICANTS

API group Classification

1. Group I.
Mineral, non-synthetic base oil; suitable for light lubricating needs and rust protection, not
for use in an engine
2. Group II.
Mineral oil with quality additive packages; includes most conventional engine oils
3. Group III.
Hydrogenated synthetic compounds commonly referred to as hydro waxes or hydrocracker
oil; the lowest costing synthetic engine oil
4. Group IV.
Synthetic oils made from mineral oil and monomolecular oil called polyalpholefin (POA);
includes Mobil 1
5. Group V.
Non-mineral sources such as alcohol from corn called diesters or polyolesters; includes Red
Line synthetic oil
 LUBRICANTS

ENGINE OIL ADDITIVES

1. Additives to improve the base oil
-Viscosity index improver.
-Antifoam agents.
2. Additives to protect base oil
-Antioxidants.
-Oxidants.
-Total base number.
3. Additives to protect engine
-Rust inhibitor.
-Corrosion inhibitor.
-Anti-wear additives.
-Extreme pressure additives.
 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE LUBRICATION

PRINCIPLE OF LUBRICATION:

Lubrication between two moving surfaces results from an oil film that separates the surfaces and
supports the load.
 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE LUBRICATION

PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION
1. Lubricating all moving parts to prevent wear

2. Helping to cool the engine

3. Helping to seal piston rings

4. Cleaning, and holding dirt in suspension in the oil until it can be drained from the engine

5. Neutralizing acids that are formed as the result of the combustion process

6. Reducing friction

7. Preventing rust and corrosion

 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE LUBRICATION

CLEANING EFFECT:

• Circulated oil cleans frictional parts by

suspending foreign materials, such as
metallic powder and carbon, in the oil

COOLING EFFECT:
• Oil absorbs heat generated by friction and
combustion and prevents overheating of
combustion system and sliding parts.
 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE LUBRICATION

REDUCTION OF FRICTIONAL FORCES:

• Oil form an oil film between sliding parts

and prevents abrasion by decreasing
friction.

SEALING:

• Oil from an oil film in the clearances

between cylinders, pistons and piston
rings prevents leakage of compressed air
and burnt gas
 OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE LUBRICATION
CORROSION RESISTANCE:
• The oil film separates air, moisture and gas
from the engine parts and prevents
oxidation and corrosion

NOISE REDUCTION:
• Act as a shock absorber

• Dampening the shock loads between

moving parts

• Make the engine operation less noisy.

• Coats the internal walls of engine

providing an insulating barrier to noise.
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

COOLING SYSTEM INSPECTION:

• Inspection of All Cooling System Components Including Belts and Hoses.

• A Radiator Pressure Cap Inspection.

• A Thermostat Inspection to Ensure Proper Opening and Closing.

• A Pressure Test to Look for External Leaks Including the Radiator, Water Pump, Coolant
Passages, Hoses, and Heater Core.

• An Internal Leak Inspection to Check for Combustion Gas Leakage Into the Cooling System.

• Inspection of Engine Fan for Proper Operation.

• Inspection of the Coolant to Determine its Effectiveness.

 VEHICLE INSPECTION

COOLING SYSTEM INSPECTION

Coolant level Check

• Visually inspect the level and color of

coolant.
• Level should be between "LOW" and
"FULL" marks.
• If level is low than fill the reservoir.
• If coolant level is used to be low quite
often possibly there is a coolant leak.
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

COOLING SYSTEM INSPECTION

Coolant Testing:

• Visual inspection for level, color and leaks.

• Testing Strip to check the condition of coolant.

• Boiling and freezing temperature of coolant can be check using “Refractrometer”.

• Proper reading means 50-50 mix of water and antifreeze result (-34°C) freezing temp.
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

COOLING SYSTEM INSPECTION

Radiator /cap inspection:
• Look for a "swollen" (enlarged) radiator cap gasket.

• An enlarged radiator cap gasket can cause the cap to not vent properly.
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

CONTI…
• A buildup of dirt and bugs can restrict airflow through radiator
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

COOLING SYSTEM INSPECTION

Thermostat Inspection:
• Open Hood and remove radiator cap.

• Start the vehicle and let it warm up.

• Check your water coolant levels as the engine start to warm up there should be drop in level

• If level of water coolant remain constant then there’s high chance that the thermostat is
stuck in closed position.

• Turn-off engine and replace radiator cap.

 VEHICLE INSPECTION

Checking Hoses:

• Carefully check all cooling hoses for

leakage, swelling, and chafing.

• When a hose becomes soft, it is

deteriorating and should be replaced.

• Hard hoses will resist flexing and may

crack rather than bend.

• Pieces of deteriorated hose usually stuck

inside radiator core, causing clogging
 VEHICLE INSPECTION

LUBRICATION SYSTEM INSPECTION:

• Check Engine oil level.

• Change oil as per preventive maintenance schedule.

• Oil filter should be checked and replaced as per schedule.

• Check for any oil leakage or seepage from sump , pump oil cooler and passages.
 VEHICLE INSPECTION
LUBRICATION SYSTEM INSPECTION:
Engine oil:

• If oil pressure gauge show extremely low pressure than it must be check using oil dip
stick.
• Oil should be replaced and new filter must be install for every 800 to 700 km or every
6 months.
The presence of oil and dirt buildup around the oil pan indicates a leaky pan gasket
The End