Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study

Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative

Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

LIST OF TABLES

7 PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING DESIGN OF PREFERD ALTERNATIVES...........1

7.1 General................................................................................................................................1
7.2 Preliminary Design of 1st Preferred Alternative...............................................................1
7.2.1 General Description..............................................................................................................1
7.2.2 Well Field.............................................................................................................................2
7.2.2.1 Boreholes.............................................................................................................................2
7.2.2.2 Collectors.............................................................................................................................2
7.2.2.3 Borehole Pumps...................................................................................................................2
7.2.3 Collection Reservoirs...........................................................................................................3
7.2.4 Pumping Stations.................................................................................................................3
7.2.5 Raw Water Rising Mains......................................................................................................4
7.2.6 Power Supply.......................................................................................................................5
7.2.7 Treatment Plant....................................................................................................................5
7.2.8 Access Road.........................................................................................................................6
7.3 Preliminary Design of 2nd Preferred Alternative..............................................................7
7.3.1 General Description..............................................................................................................7
7.3.2 Source Development and Transmission................................................................................7
7.3.2.1 Dam......................................................................................................................................7
7.3.2.2 Spillway...............................................................................................................................7
7.3.2.3 Bottom Out Let....................................................................................................................8
7.3.2.4 Intake...................................................................................................................................8
7.3.2.5 Raw Water Pipe....................................................................................................................8
7.3.3 Treatment Plant....................................................................................................................9
7.3.3.1 Raw Water Quality and Treatment Process...........................................................................9
7.3.3.2 Aeration Unit........................................................................................................................9
7.3.3.3 Balancing Chamber..............................................................................................................9
7.3.3.4 Hydraulic Rapid Mixing Coagulation Unit.........................................................................10
7.3.3.5 Flocculation Unit................................................................................................................10
7.3.3.6 Sedimentation Unit.............................................................................................................12
7.3.3.7 Rapid Sand Filtration Unit..................................................................................................13
7.3.3.8 Clear Water Reservoir........................................................................................................16
7.3.3.9 Others.................................................................................................................................16
7.3.4 Pumping Station.................................................................................................................19
7.3.5 Clear Water Rising Main....................................................................................................20
7.3.6 Power Requirement............................................................................................................20
7.3.7 Access Road.......................................................................................................................20
Preliminary Design of Common Components..................................................................................21
7.3.8 General...............................................................................................................................21
7.3.9 Balancing Reservoir...........................................................................................................21
7.3.10 Distribution Net Work........................................................................................................21
7.3.10.1 Network Simulation...........................................................................................................22
7.3.10.2 Result and Recommendations............................................................................................23
7.3.11 Public Fountains.................................................................................................................24
7.3.12 Auxiliary Buildings............................................................................................................24
7.3.12.1 Administration Building, Store & Workshop......................................................................24
7.3.12.2 Guard houses and Toilets....................................................................................................25
7.3.13 Location of Units and Land Requirement...........................................................................25
Cost Estimate......................................................................................................................................25

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Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study
Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative
Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

LIST OF TABLES

Table 7-1: Details of Raw Water Rising Mains..............................................................................5

Table 7-2: Power Requirement.......................................................................................................5
Table 7-3: Design Flows................................................................................................................9
Table 7-4: Dimensions and Capacities of Partial Flume for Various Throat Width......................10
Table 7-5: Guide for Alabama Type Flocculator Design..............................................................11
Table 7-6: Characteristics of Flocculator.....................................................................................12
Table 7-7: Physical Characteristics of Sedimentation Tank..........................................................13
Table 7-8: Details of the Clear Water Rising Main......................................................................20
Table 7-9: Power Requirement.....................................................................................................20
Table 7-10: Reservoirs and Pumping Station.................................................................................21
Table 7-11: Summary of Distribution Lines...................................................................................24
Table 7-12: Location and Land Requirement.................................................................................25
Table 7-13 Summary of Cost Estimates........................................................................................25

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Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study
Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative
Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

7 PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING DESIGN OF PREFERD ALTERNATIVES

7.1 General

As outlined in the recommendation section of Chapter 6 the 1 st preferred alternative is ground water
from Chemoga plain, which was supposed to be treated in this chapter as a sole preferred alternative.
However, due to luck of source investigation results that may change the overall output, the Consultant
opted to prepare preliminary designs of two alternatives.
The 1st preferred alternative is Alternative 3 – Ground water from Chemoga plain and the 2 nd preferred
alternative is Alternative 2 – Surface water from Chemoga river.
The water supply schemes proposed for Debre Markos town would be implemented in single stage.
The project is planned to be from 2006 onwards. The system components catering for the year 2020
maximum day demand, which is projected to be 12,507 m³/day, are designed accordingly. The
schematic representations of the proposed water supply systems are presented in Volume IV Drawing
No. DM-PD-07 & DM-PD-08.
In sizing pumping stations, rising mains and reservoirs optimization with respect to pumping hours
was done and It is found that sizing of the system with 24 hours operation is economical than any
other operation hours. However, an individual pump in a pumping station is designed with the
assumption of 20 or less hours operation in a day.
Economical size of rising mains is selected based on investment and operation cost. The over all
optimization process and the respective outputs are presented in Appendix D4 Table D4-1 to Table D4-
114.
In the remaining sections of this chapter the preliminary design of the preferred alternatives and
associated common components are presented. Capital costs and the resulting running costs required
to implement each alternative are also presented.
7.2 Preliminary Design of 1st Preferred Alternative

In this Section, the Consultant’s 1st preferred solution for the water supply system of Debre Markos
town is described. The water supply system is proposed to be based on ground water from Chemoga
plain.
System components capable of bringing the required amount of water to the central reservoir are
designed and presented in the following sub-sections.
7.1 General Description
If the test well drilling in Chemoga plain proves the feasibility of this Alternative production wells will
be developed in the same well field in two groups. Group one wells will be located in southern part of
the well field and group two will be located in northern part of the well field.
The raw water from each borehole will be pumped and conveyed via collector pipes to the collection
reservoirs located at central place in each group.
Two pumping stations will be located at the collector reservoirs site. The rising mains from each
pumping station will convey the raw water to the treatment plant that will be located in the balancing
reservoir site.
7.2 Well Field
The well field covers the marsh area of Chemoga plain. Since the test drilling is not yet performed the
sizing is done based on two probable cases.

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Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study
Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative
Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

 Case 1: Designing the system based on an average safe yield of 5 l/s per well. 50% the production
is expected to be drawn from well field 1 (southern well field) and the remaining 50%
from well field 2 (northern well field).
 Case 2: Designing the system based on an average safe yield of 10 l/s per well. 100 % of the
production from well field 2 (northern well field).
7.2.1 Boreholes
Standard drawing of a borehole including well head is presented in Volume IV Drawing No. DM-PD-
09.
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
If the average safe discharge of the production wells turns to be 5 l/s then 28 boreholes are required.
The water from 14 boreholes will be collected in collection reservoir 1 (CR_1) and from the other 14
in collection reservoir 2 (CR_2). The boreholes casing should not be less than 8 ” in diameter and the
riser pipes should be 3”. Description of bore holes and possible development schedule are presented in
Appendix D2 Table D2-9 & D2-10, respectively. The location and arrangement of the boreholes is
presented in Volume IV Drawing No. DM-PD-10.
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
If the average safe discharge of the production wells turns to be 10 l/s then 14 boreholes are required.
Each borehole will be drilled to 150 m depth and a spacing between to wells should not be less than
300 m. The boreholes casing should not be less than 10” in diameter and the riser pipes should be 4 ”.
Possible development schedule is presented in Appendix D2 Table D2-15. The location and
arrangement of the boreholes is presented in Volume IV Drawing No. DM-PD-11.
7.2.2 Collectors
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
The design values of the collector pipes are presented in Appendix D3 Table D3-2a & D3-2b. A total
of 20.9 km collector pipes (15.5 km DN150 and 5.4 km DN 200) are required.
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
The design values of the collector pipes are presented in Appendix D3 Table D3-3a & D3-3b. A total
of 10.2 km collector pipes (3.25 km DN150, 1.53 km DN 200, 3.35 km DN 250 and 2.05 km DN 300)
are required.
7.2.3 Borehole Pumps
Each borehole shall be equipped with a submersible pump. The pumps in the proposed new wells will
lift water from the boreholes to the respective proposed collection reservoir that will be located at
central locations in the well field.
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
If the average yield turns to be 5l/s 28 submersible pumps with design discharge of 5 l/s and pumping
head capacities ranging from 120 m to 135 m are required. In addition to this 7 pumps (25%) with
different characteristics need to be acquired as a stand by. The detail characteristic of the submersible
pumps required for each well are presented in Appendix D3 Table D3-4.
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
If the average yield turns to be 10l/s 14 submersible pumps with design discharge of 10 l/s and
pumping head capacities ranging from 124 m to 133 m are required. In addition to this 3 pumps (30%)

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Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study
Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative
Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

with different characteristics need to be acquired as a stand by. The detail characteristic of the
submersible pumps required for each well are presented in Appendix D3 Table D3-5.
7.3 Collection Reservoirs
The raw water pumped from the two well fields shall be collected in collection reservoirs that are
located in each well field. These collection reservoirs are sized to balance the difference in pumping
hours and to serve as a wet well.
In sizing the collector reservoirs the economical combination of pumping hours, rising main size and
reservoir size has been considered. Accordingly, 24 hours of operation in the pumping stations has
been found economical. The details of optimization are presented in Appendix D4. Table D4-13
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
Two reinforced concrete collector reservoirs each with 300 m³ capacity are required at each well field
site.
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
One reinforced concrete collector reservoir with 500 m³ capacity is required at the northern well field
site.
7.4 Pumping Stations
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
Two pumping stations are required in order to boost the water from the well fields to the central
reservoir located at 2494 masl.
Well Field 1 pumping station will be located at geographical coordinates of E364343,
N1144129 and at 2435 masl. Well Field 2 pumping station will be located at geographical
coordinates of E364054, N1145556 and at 2445 masl.
Pumping Station 1
The over all discharge to be pumped from this pumping station is 251 m³/h. Four pumps each with
61m³/h and 83.5 m head are required. However, since the pumping station is designed for 24 hour
operation two additional pumps with the same capacity are required.
Each pump in the pumping station has to operate for sixteen hours a day. At a time four pumps will be
in duty.
A 10m by 15 m pump house has to be constructed in order to house all the six pumps plus extra space
for a possible expansion. Each pump in the station has the following characteristics:
Discharge = 63 m³/hr
Head = 87.3 m
Efficiency (p+m) = 68.9%
Power = 22 KW (28 KVA)

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Water Supply and Sanitation Part III –Technical Study
Three Towns Project / Amhara Region 7 – Preliminary Design of Preferred Alternative
Feasibility Study / Ethiopia Debre Markos

Pumping Station 2
This pumping station is the same as pumping station 1 in all aspects except the pumping head. Each
pump in the station has the following characteristics:
Discharge = 63 m³/hr
Head = 80.5 m
Efficiency (p+m) = 69.2%
Power = 20 KW (25 KVA)
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
In this case one pumping station is required to boost the raw water to the balancing reservoir
site. The pumping station will be located at a geographical coordinates of E364054,
N1145556 and at 2445 masl.
The over all discharge to be pumped from this pumping station is 502 m³/h. Four pumps each with 125
m³/h and 83.0 m head are required. However, since the pumping station is designed for 24 hour
operation two additional pumps with the same capacity are required.
Each pump in the pumping station has to operate for sixteen hours a day. At a time four pumps will be
in duty.
A 10m by 15 m pump house has to be constructed in order to house all the six pumps plus extra space
for a possible expansion. Each pump in the station has the following characteristics:
Discharge = 125 m³/hr
Head = 83.0 m
Efficiency (p+m) = 54.3%
Power = 52 KW (65 KVA)
7.5 Raw Water Rising Mains
Case 1 (q=5 l/s)
Raw water rising mains that convey the raw water from the booster stations to the balancing reservoir
have been designed. The sizing is done based on the year 2020 maximum day demand plus losses in
the transmission and treatment process (3%), which is equal to 139.4 l/s.
The rising main from the two booster station will merge at a junction and then continue as one line to
the balancing reservoir. The details are presented in Appendix D4 Table D4-5 and D4-6 case a. The
summarized characteristics are also shown in Table 8.4
Case 2 (q=10 l/s)
In this case the rising main starts from the northern well field pumping station. It is also sized for the
year 2020 maximum day demand losses in rising and treatment process. The details are presented in
Appendix D4 Table D4-9 & D4-10 case 2b. The summarized characteristics are shown in Table 7-1.

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