BUILDING & TOWN PLANNING

CL304
(Lecture-I-V)

Hiral Thakar
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
Nirma University
Hiral.modha@nirmauni.ac.in
Teaching Scheme

Credits : 05
Theory : 03 hours /week
Practical : 04 hours/week
Exam Weightage
CE : 0.40
LP: 0.20
SEE: 0.40
Teaching Scheme

CE Component (0.4)

Sessional Exam Class Test Special Assignment

0.4 0.3 0.3

LPW Component (0.2)

Laboratory Experiments and Journal/File Submission Viva

0.75 0.25
What you will be able to learn from the subject?
OR
What are the course learning outcomes?
Course Learning Outcome

After successful completion of the course, student will be able to:

1. Understand and interpret civil engineering drawings.
2. Understand principles of planning, building Bye laws, town
planning and perspective drawing .
3. Produce various civil engineering drawings .
4. Develop architectural design of building by applying bye laws
and principle of planning.
SYLLABUS

 Section 1 : Building Planning & Drawing (2hr)

 Section 2: Town Planning (1hr)

 Section 1 : Building Planning
Introduction to building drawing: Definition, Need and importance of drawing in
civil engineering, drawing sheets, graphical and numerical scale, lines, lettering and
dimensioning. building components, section of wall through door/window, sketches of
building components, Conventional signs, symbols and abbreviations.
Residential Building Drawing: Introduction to plan, elevation and section of the
building, Development of detailed plan from line diagram, standard guidelines for
building drawing.
Planning of Residential Buildings: Principles of planning- architectural principle,
Aspects of planning within and with respect to surroundings, Modular planning concept
Building Bye-Laws: Objectives, importance of bye-laws, F.S.I., Principles underlying
building bye laws, rules governing light, parking, fire, water supply etc.
Submission and Detailed drawings: Concept, key plan, site plan, structural drawing
foundation plan, furniture arrangement, sanitary lines and traps, plumbing etc.
Planning of public buildings: Buildings for different purposes like Education, Health,
Recreation, Industry and Transportation, Spatial and land use planning.
Elements of Perspective Drawing: Definition, concept and single and two point
perspective.
Section II : Town Planning
Introduction, requirements, civil Survey, purpose, type, data required and
presentation,

Elements of city plan- Zoning, land use zoning and height zoning, growth of
towns and Town planning scheme, Control of haphazard development.

Industry: Priorities, classification, industrial estates, Redevelopment, Slum

Improvement/clearance, master plan, town planning schemes, urban roads.

Concept of green cities, green building.

References:
1. M. G. Shah, C. M. Kale and S. Y. Patki, Building Drawing with an integrated
approach to Built Environment, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. S. Kaleem A. Zaidi and Suhail Siddiqui, Drawing and Design of Residential
and Commercial Buildings, Standard Publishers.
3. Y. N. RajaRao, Planning and Designing of residential building, Standard
Publishers.
4. National building code of India.
5. Rangwala, S.C., Town planning, Charotar Publishing House.
6. Hiraskar G.K., Fundamentals of Town Planning, Dhanpat Rai Publications
7. IS : 962 - Code of Practice for Architecture and Building Drawing
Sr. Description Lab Hour Marks (Assessment CLO
No. Policy)
Introduction to Civil Engineering Drawing, 4 5 1
1 Conventional Lines of Drawing and Lettering.

2 Signs, Symbols and Abbreviations 4 5 1

3. Brick Bonds ,Types and Masonry 4 5 1
4. Building Components: Door, Window, lintel 4 5 1
(Sketches), Foundation
5 Section of wall through door/Window, Section of 4 10 1
staircase
6. Design of Residential Building (Plan, Elevation and 12 20 3, 4
section)

7. Design of Residential Building using Auto - Cad 12 20 3, 4

8 Detailed Drawing (Furniture, Plumbing line 8 10 3, 4

drawing, Electrical layout)
9 Perspective Drawing 4 10 2

10 Draw the line diagram of any public building. 4 10 3,4

Total 60 100
Drawing??
It is a pictorial presentation of anything.
It’s a mean of communication because with the help of drawing one
can communicate the ideas to others.
Engineering Drawing
It is type of technical drawing used to fully and clearly define requirements for
engineered items.

Its purpose is to capture all the geometric features of a product.

It convey all the required information that will allow a users to understand that
component.
What is the Need of studying Building & Town
Planning??
Subject Importance
A house is to be so planned that it should offer maximum utility and comfort.

Also it should present a good appearance.

A civil engineer is responsible for planning and design of the structural members
of a building from a given drawing.

An Architect is an artist who arranges various Building Components to present an

attractive outward appearance.

The students of Civil Engineering and Architecture must be capable of Planning,

designing and drawing building plans, section and elevation.
 How this art got formalized???

Long time ago….people expressed

their ideas as………
Bhimbetka, Bhopal
Sculptures of ROME
 Bottom line
DESIGNERS may be the person or a group of people.

DESIGN has to be communicated to the manufacturers.

Communication can be done through sketches and Drawings.

History of Building Drawing
Some examples of the earliest architectural drawings:
Statue of Gudea, ruler of Lagash in Mesopotamia (c.2200 BC) has a
building plan on his lap.
The early Egyptians used pictures as a form of Communication.
Building plans on lime stone slab.
Gasphard Monge

Father of Descriptive Geometry

 What is Drawing???
Pictorial Representation
Way of expression
Way of communication

What is Building Drawing???

It is the language of civil engineers.
Building Drawing conveys following Information

Geometry
Dimensions
Material
 Why to draw? What to draw? How to draw?

• For Approval • Layout Plans • Lines

• Construction • Working Drawing • Curves
• Detailed Drawing
• Estimates • Signs
Components of drawing
Drawing Sheet
Lettering
Lines
Dimensioning
Sign & symbols
Drawing Sheets

The Bureau of
Indian standards
related to
Drawing Sheets :

IS 10711-2001
Drawing Sheet Sizes (mm)

• A5 148 x 210

• A4 210 x 297

• A3 297 x 420

• A2 420 x 594

• A1 594 x 841

• A0 841 x 1189
 Layout of Drawing
• Border line with margin 10mm each side except LHS.

• 25-30mm on LHS
Title Block
 Lettering
IS 9609- 2001
Lettering

Purpose Size of letters in mm

Main titles 10, 12
Subtitles 5, 6
dimensions 4, 5
 LINES

Bureau of Indian standards has given a code related to lines

IS 10714 – 2001

Deals with: purpose of different lines.

Thickness of different lines.
 Dimensioning

IS 10718 - 1993

•What is our goal when dimensioning a part?

Basically, dimensions should be given in a clear and concise manner and
should include everything needed to produce.
 LINES USED IN DIMENSIONING

Dimension lines
Extension lines
Leader lines

All three line types are drawn thin so that they will not be confused
with visible lines.
Dimension & Extension Line

A line terminated by arrow heads, which indicates the direction and

extent of a dimension.

Long Extension lines

Leader Line

A straight inclined thin solid line that is usually terminated by an

arrowhead, used to indicate the notes.
Avoid in leader lines……

• Crossing leaders.
• Long leaders.
 Arrow Heads

Arrowheads are drawn between the extension lines if possible. If space is

limited, they may be drawn on the outside.
 Types of Dimensions
Horizontal Dimension.

Vertical Dimension.

Angular Dimension.
Exercise:

Count how many linear, vertical & angular measurements in this:

 DO’S & DONT’S
• The spacing between dimension lines should be uniform throughout the
drawing.

• Do not dimension inside an object or have the dimension line touch the
object unless clearness is gained.

• Dimension text should be horizontal which means that it is read from the
bottom of the drawing.

• Dimension text should not cross dimension, extension or visible lines.

 Exercise:
List the dimensioning mistakes and then dimension the object
correctly.(5)
Spacing
Missing dim. (nof hole)
Text
No Gap
Don’t dim. inside the object.
Correctly Dimensioned:
• Dimension lines should not cross extension lines or other
dimension lines.

• Leader lines should be straight, not curved, and point to the

center of the arc or circle at an angle between 30–60 degree.
Exercise:
List the dimensioning mistakes and dimension them correctly. (4)
Dimension Placement:

• Dimensions should be grouped whenever possible.

• Do not dimension hidden lines.

Locating Features Using Datum
Exercise:
Dimensioning
The end
Conventional Signs

Conventional Signs are used in building drawings to represent various

building materials. Such as:

1. Brick

2. Stone

3. Concrete

4. Sand etc….
Conventional Symbols
They are used in building drawings to represent the actual object. They
are also known as CIVIL ENGINEERING SYMBOLS. Such as:

Wash basin

Shower

Bath tub

Door, window. Etc..

 Objectives of Signs & Symbols

• To save time & space in drawing sheet.

• To achieve quick identification of the details.

• To avoid the confusion in interpretation of details by site

supervisors.
Conventional symbols
Abbreviation as per IS 962- 1989
 Scale of Drawings

What is scale ????

What is full sized drawing..

Types of scale:

Numeric scale Graphical Scale

BUILDING COMPONENTS

Sub
structure

Super
Plinth
Structure
 Sub-Structure

The soil which is The foundation

It transmits the
in immediate part which is in
load of the
Foundation: structure to the
contact with the contact with the
foundation is sub soil is called
soil.
called sub soil. Base Footing.
Types of Foundation

Open/Shallow/Spr
ead Foundation

Deep/pile
Foundation
Types of Shallow Foundation
Open/ Shallow/ Spread Foundation
Deep/ Pile Foundation
Load Bearing and Framed structure
 Plinth

Level of the floor level of the ground floor. Plinth height may be
between 300 to 600 mm. In common practice 450mm is provided.

Why plinth is provided????

Sub-Structure: Masonary Walls

Masonry

Bond

Dimension of brick

Thickness of wall
 Doors
Doors are the framed structure which provides access to the building.
 Lintels

Lintels are the structural members provided above the openings so as

to support the masonry load over it.

Thickness of the lintel is usually taken as 100 to 150 mm.

 Stairs
Tread

Stairs are the

series of steps
Rise
Stair Flight
arranged to
connect the
Case
floors.

Landing
 Flooring

• The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface for the occupants

of a building, furniture & equipment.

• The flooring will be generally of PCC of about 150 mm, finished with
cement mortar of 20 mm thick or of mosaic tiles or marble.
Exercise: what you will see if you put cut in a
wall from top to bottom?
• PLAN
• ELEVATION
• SECTION
• LINE DIAGRAM
• Plan: Plan of building represents a horizontal section of building at given
height seen from top. It is a general conventional to imagine that the
building has been cut down by a horizontal plane at the sill level of the
window and is seen from the top after removal of cut part.

• Line Diagram: Line diagram is the sketch generally not drawn to particular
scale also known as line sketch. The relative positions of all elements like
rooms, doors, windows are clearly shown inside to inside.

• Section: It is known as vertical section and sectional elevation or cross

section. It is imagined that a finished buildings is cut vertically along a line so
that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined vertical
plane right from top of the building to the lowest part of foundation.

• Elevation: Elevation or front view is the outward view of a completed

building along any side of the building. When a building is seen by standing
in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as front elevation.
Thank You