RAVINDRA KAUSHIK

By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
Facebook: sid_Econnect
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 POLITICAL HISTORY OF INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

1. FIRST ELECTION OF INDIA

2. DRASTIC CHANGES IN POLITICS AFTER DEATH
OF NEHRU
3. RISE OF INDIRA GANDHI
4. LOKNAYAK JP MOVEMENT
5. JANATA PARTY(1977)
6. RETURN OF INDIRA(1980)
7. ERA OF RAJIV GANDHI
8. CONGRESS SYSTEM ENDS(1989)
9. COALITION YEARS(1996 – 98)
10. MODI WAVE(2014)
 ELECTIONS IN 1957 AND 1962

• The Indian general election of 1957, held from 24

February to 9 June, was the second election to the
Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of
India.

• There were 494 seats elected using first past the post
voting system.Under the leadership of Jawaharlal
Nehru, the Indian National Congress easily won a
second term in power, taking 371 of the 494 seats.

• The Indian general election of 1962 elected the 3rd

Lok Sabha of India and was held from 19 to 25
February. The Indian National Congress took 44.7%
of the vote and won 361 of the 494 seats.
 NEHRU YEARS
• After independence in 1947, India was among the
poorest countries in the world. As India lost its Bapu in
1948 with the assassination of Gandhi, Nehru became
responsible for continuing the Mahatma’s legacy and
creating the India they together had dreamed of.

• From 1947 to 1964, Nehru was the leading figure of

India, and his vision of India would shape the country’s
initial development and lay the foundations upon which
it still builds today.

• Planning was another key ingredient of the Nehruvian

Socialist economy, and the successive 5-year plans
would see India’s GDP growth increase from a paltry
0.72 percent in 1947, to over 4 percent annually.
 INDIA LOST A LEADER

• His death was announced to Lok Sabha at 14:00

local time on 27 May 1964 ; cause of death is
believed to be heart attack.

• Draped in the Indian national Tri-colour flag the body of

Jawaharlal Nehru was placed for public viewing.
"Raghupati Raghava Rajaram" was chanted as the body
was placed on the platform.
 TUSSLE BEGAN

• The best bet for a new Prime Minister among the

analysts of Congress party politics was Lal Bahadur
Shastri, middle of the road Minister Without Portfo ilio,
who had assumed many of Mr. Nehru's duties even
before his death.

• Then Congress Party president K. Kamaraj was

instrumental in making Shastri Prime Minister on 9
June 1966 Shastri, though mild-mannered and soft-
spoken, was a Nehruvian socialist and thus held
appeal to those wishing to prevent the ascent of
conservative right-winger Morarji Desai.
 CRUCIAL POINT
• Shastri's premiership was cut short when he died of
a heart attack on January 11, 1966, the day after
having signed the Soviet-brokered Tashkent
Declaration. The agreement required both sides to
withdraw all armed personnel by February 26, 1966.

• Indira Gandhi held a cabinet portfolio as minister of

information and broadcasting in Shastri's government.
She was the only child of Nehru, who was also her
mentor in the nationalist movement.

• The Syndicate selected her as prime minister when

Shastri died in 1966 even though her eligibility was
challenged by Morarji Desai, a veteran nationalist and
long-time aspirant to that office.
 1967 ELECTIONS(TURNING POINT)

• In the fourth general election in February 1967, the

Congress majority was greatly reduced when it secured
only 54 percent of the parliamentary seats, and non-
Congress ministries were established in Bihar, Kerala,
Orissa, Madras, Punjab, and West Bengal the next
month.

• A Congress-led coalition government collapsed in Uttar

Pradesh, while in April Rajasthan was brought under
President's Rule--direct central government rule.

• The Congress expelled her for "indiscipline" on

November 12, 1969, an action that split the party into
two factions: the Congress (O)--for Organisation--under
Desai, and the Congress (R)--for Requisition.
 SPLIT

Vote Share Gain/Loss

Year Total Seats Seats Won
(In percent) (Vote share)

1952 401 364 45.0 -

1957 403 371 47.8 +2.8

1962 494 361 44.7 -3.1

1967 520 283 40.8 -3.9

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