CHAPTER 1

1
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The growing use of internet provides a developing prospect for online shopping. If E-
marketers knows the factor effecting online behaviour, and the relationship between the
factors and type of online buyer, then they can further develop their marketing strategies to
convert potential customer into active once, while retaining existing online customer

This project is a part of study and focuses on factors which online India buyer keep in mind
while shopping online. This research found that information which influences consumer
perception of online purchasing.

Consumer behaviour is said to be an applied discipline as some decisions are significantly

affected by their behaviour or expected actions. The two perspective that seek application of
its knowledge are micro and societal perspectives.

The online purchasing behaviour of online shopper and factor and factor infusing online
shopping behaviour and its future perspective. Internet is changing the way customer shop
and buy goods and services, has rapidly involved in a global phenomenon. Many company
have started using the internet with the aim of cutting marketing cost, thereby reducing the
price of the product and services in order to stay ahead in highly competitive markets.

Companies also uses the internet to convey, communication and disseminate information to
sell the product, to take feedback and also to conduct satisfaction survey with customer.
Customer use the internet not only to by buy the product online, but also to compare prices,
product features and after sale services facilities they will receive if the purchase the product
from a particular store. Many experts are optimistic about the prospect of online business

In addition to the tremendous potential of the e-commerce market, the internet provides a
unique opportunity for companies to more efficiently reach existing and potential customer.

2
CHAPTER 2

3
Online shopping is defined as the process a customer takes to purchase a service or product
over the internet. Online shopping is the process of buying goods and services from
merchants who sell on the internet. Shoppers visit the web stores from the comfort of their
homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer. Since the mid 1990’s the internet has
created countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. The Internet
makes the world smaller and it benefits the people around the world to communicate and
transact between each other. Moreover, they are able to search for the information they needs
in short time.

Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes
they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy
needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society”. Consumer
behaviour of every individual is different from other depending on buying choices which is
influenced by buying habits and choices that are in turn tampered by psychological and social
drivers that affect purchase decision process.

In the past decade, there has been a dramatic change in the way consumers have altered their
way of shopping. Although most of the consumers continue to purchase from a physical
store, some feel it convenient to shop online as it reduces the effort of travelling to a physical
store. Decisions can be made from home at ease, by looking at various product choices and
price comparison can be easily done with the competitor’s products, to arrive at a decision.

The study suggested that in 2016, about 69 million consumers purchased online which is
expected to cross 100 million by 2017 with the rise of digital natives, better infrastructure in
terms of logistics, broadband and Internet-ready devices to fuel the demand in e-commerce.

The report added that by the end of 2018, Indian e-retail is expected to touch $17.52 billion.
"The total retail sales is growing at an impressive rate of 15%, registering a double digit
growth figure year after year,” its said

Mobile commerce is likely to jump to 45-50% in 2017 against the current 30-35% of e-
commerce sales. The study added that 50% sales come from mobile with majority being first
time users.

4
The Internet is a worldwide accessible series of computer networks that transmit data by
packet switching using the standard I Internet Protocol. It is a "network of networks “that
consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks,
which together carry various information and services, such a select, file transfer, the
interlinked WebPages and other documents of the World Wide Web. Originally the Internet
was mainly used by academics, research scientists and students; however that scenario has
changed as commercial organizations have moved to incorporate the World Wide Web into
their promotional campaigns, and by offering the facility of online purchasing
(Jobber&Fahy,2003). The Internet has evolved into a worldwide accessible marketplace for
information exchange and e-commerce. The strategic importance to be available for
consumers on the World Wide Web, with information and services has become particularly
relevant to firms.

According to Vesterby and Chabert (2001) the Internet can make it easier for companies to
have information about their products or services available to their customers or potential
customers. A company can satisfy the consumers’ individual need of information at a low
cost in comparison to sending out product brochures for example. As the user can choose
information from websites, which implies that the information provider can achieve better
understanding of the user’s needs and wants by collecting data. On the other hand, the
Internet is a place with hardly any structure or rules: therefore, large efforts are needed in
order to show the consumer where a specific site is located, and what services are available
on that site. Vesterby and Chabert (2001) claim that companies with no physical presence
must market themselves considerably, both online and offline, for the consumer to remember
their name.

Whether it is the traditional market or the online market, the marketer must understand the
consumer and how he makes his decisions and purchasing choices(Hollensen,2004), because
the consumer is under a constant flow of stimuli from the marketers advertisements. The
marketer has the possibility to decide and to control the output that will be forwarded to the
consumers, but when the advertisement reaches the consumer that control ends. The
consumer then interprets the information that has been sent out in his own way based on
specific factors for every consumer. Therefore marketers have developed different theories
that can explain why consumers interpret information in a certain way, and there by
understand certain behaviours (Kotler&Armstrong,2007). Several articles have set out to
identify the characteristics of the online consumer. Allred, Smith and Swinyard (2006)

5
identify the online consumer to have the following characteristics: younger, wealthier, better
educated, having a higher “computer literacy” and are bigger retail spenders.

Donuthouand Garicia (1999) identify the online consumers: older, make more money,
convenience seeker, innovative, impulsive, variety seeker, less risk aware, less brand and
price conscious, and with a more positive attitude towards advertising and direct marketing.
Some of these characteristics are similar, while others are the opposite.

Trying to identify the online consumer is difficult since the rapid development of e-
commerce has also led to an increase of both technologies and different types of consumers.
It is also known that the type of product has a significant influence on the online consumer
behaviour which makes it more difficult to identify consumer characteristics
(Christopher&Huarng,2003).

2.2 Background

The invention of the Internet has created paradigm shift of the traditional way people shop. A
consumer is no longer bound to opening times or specific locations; he can become active at
virtually anytime and place and purchase products or services. The Internet is a relatively
new medium for communication and information exchange that has become present in our
everyday life. The number of Internet users is constantly increasing which also signifies that
online purchasing is increasing .The rapid increase is explained by the growth in the use of
broadband technology combined with a change in consumer
behaviour(Oppenheim&Ward,2006).

The Internet is considered a mass medium that provides the consumer with purchase
characteristics as no other medium. Certain characteristics are making it more convenient for
the consumer, compared to the traditional way of shopping, such as the ability to at anytime
view and purchase products, visualise their needs with products, and discuss products with
other consumers (Joinetal.2003).Oppenheim and Ward (2006) explain that the current
primary reason people shop over the Internet is the convenience. They also recognize that the
previous primary reason for shopping online was price, which has now changed to
convenience.

6
Online shopping is the process consumers go through when they decide to shop on the
Internet. The Internet has developed into a “new” distribution channel (Hollensen,2004) and
the evolution of this channel ,e-commerce ,has been identified by Smith and Rupp(2003) to
be the most significant contribution of the information revolution. Using the Internet to shop
online has become one of the primary reasons to use the Internet, combined with searching
for products and finding information about them (Joinesetal.,2003).Smith and Rupp(2003)
also state that the consumers have never had access to so many suppliers and product/service
opinions. Therefore, the Internet has developed to a highly competitive market, where the
competition over the consumer is fierce.

2.3 NEED FOR ONLINE SHOPPING

Better Prices

The vast majority of online stores offer prices that are much lower than what you will find at
a physical store. There are a few reasons for this. The first is because many people use the
Internet to find cheaper items. Online business owners understand this. They will usually
reduce their profit margin to get more customers.

Another reason is because you can easily browse through dozens of different websites to find
the best price. You can do the same at a mall, but it would take about an hour or longer. You
also may not be taxed because most ecommerce stores won’t tax you unless they are
stationed in your state.

Convenience

Shopping online is convenient. You don’t need to get dressed and drive to your favorite store.
You can easily visit their website, find the product you want and buy it without getting out of
your pyjamas. It’s also convenient because you don’t need to wait for the store to open.

If you work irregular hours or are very busy, then you probably don’t have the time to visit
the store. Shopping online allows you to buy things without hurting your schedule.

7
Variety

Most physical stores have a limited array of products. They can only hold so many items, and
there are often many policies affecting the availability of products. For example, there might
be a certain item that is only available to those versions of the business that exist in the mall.

Shopping online allows you to find many products that you wouldn’t be able to find in a
physical store. You can also buy products that may not logically go together like candy canes
and quilts.

Fewer Traps

Physical stores are made to lure you into buying more things. They use posters, sales
messages, colours and product placement to make you buy additional items. The most
popular products are typically in the back because the owner wants you to view all of his or
her other products. Many people will find a few additional items by the time they reach the
thing they came in for.

These tactics are not as pronounced with online stores. This means that you won’t feel the
pressure to buy other things.

Discreet Shopping

Physical stores often make it difficult to buy certain items. For example, buying lingerie
without getting a few awkward stares is nearly impossible. There are many instances of this,
and sometimes you might feel embarrassed for no reason.

Shopping online gives you privacy because you won’t have people looking at you while you
shop. Not only that, but the receipts are usually made so that no one will know what you
bought.

2.4 USAGE OF ONLINE SHOPPING

1. You can send gifts more easily. Sending gifts to relatives and friends is easy, no matter
where they are. Now, there is no need to make distance an excuse for not sending a gift
on occasions like birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, Valentine's Day, Mother's Day,
Father's Day, and so forth.

8
 2. Fewer expenses. Many times, when we opt for conventional shopping, we tend to spend
a lot more than planned. There are other outside expenses on things like eating out,
transportation, and let's not forget impulse buys!

3. Price comparisons. Comparing and researching products and their prices is so much
easier online. Also, we have the ability to share information and reviews with other
shoppers who have firsthand experience with a product or retailer.

4. No crowds. If you are like me, you hate crowds when you're shopping. Especially
during festivals or special events, they can be such a huge headache. Also, it tends to be
more chaotic when there are more crowds out and this sometimes makes us feel rush or
hurried. Grumpy, annoying, and smelly people also annoy me when I'm out shopping.
Plus, parking becomes a huge issue. All of these problems can be avoided when you
shop online.

5. Less compulsive shopping. Often times when we're out shopping, we end up buying
things compulsively that we don't really need. All because shop keepers pressure us or
use their selling skills to compel us to make these purchases. Sometimes, we even
compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops.

6. Buying old or unused items at lower prices. The marketplace on the Internet makes it
much easier for us to buy old or unused things at rock bottom prices. Also, if we want to
buy antiques, there's no better place to find great ones.

7. Discreet purchases are easier. Some things are better done in the privacy of your
home. Online shops are best for discreet purchases for things like adult toys, sexy
lingerie, and so on. This enables me to purchase undergarments and lingerie without
embarrassment or any paranoia that there are several people watching me.

2.5 PROBLEMS

At any given time there are millions of people online and each of them is a potential customer
for a company providing online sales. Due to the rapid development of the technologies
surrounding the Internet, accompany that is interested in selling products from its website
will constantly have to search for an edge in the fierce competition. Since there are so many
potential consumers, it is of the out most importance to be able to understand what the
consumer wants and needs.

9
The importance of analysing and identifying factors that influence the consumer when he or
she decides to purchase on the Internet is vital. Since the Internet is a new medium for there
have been new demands set by the consumer. That is why it is crucial for the online retailers
to know what influences the online consumer.

Analysing consumer behaviour is not a new phenomenon. The renowned marketing expert
Philip Kotler has published several works on the topic of consumer behaviour theories. These
theories have been used for many years not only to understand the consumer, but also create a
marketing strategy that will attract the consumer efficiently. Hence, understanding and
identifying the consumer is closely related to the directions a company will take with their
marketing strategy. These theories can also be applied to identify the online consumer and to
create certain consumer segments. However, some distinctions must still be made when
considering traditional consumer behaviour and online consumer behaviour.

Since online retailing is a new retailing medium and online consumer behaviour is diverse
from traditional consumer behaviour, one must identify what influences the online consumer.
Analysing the process that the online consumer goes through when deciding and making a
purchase over the Internet , shows some factors that consumers consider. These factors need
to be identified and taken into account by online retailers in order to satisfy consumer
demands and compete in the online market.

2.6 ONLINE SHOPPING VERSUS TRADITIONAL SHOPPING

Shopping is probably one of the oldest terms used to talk about what we have all been doing
over the years, if possible, eras. Then again, in ancient times, the terms that would have been
used would be ‘trading’ or ‘bartering’ and probably even ‘market.’ So what has traditional
shopping have to offer now that the internet has opened up a wider and more enticing market
to the current consumer.

Online shopping has given any and all types of consumers the ability of being able to buy
anything, that is, any type of item or product, regardless of where its location is in any part of
the world. What’s more, the consumer does not have to leave the confines of his house or
current location to be able to own and purchase the merchandise, item, or product that he
wants.

10
Traditional shopping still allows for more ground to the consumer in terms of being able to
physically check out and even try out the merchandise that he wants.

So if you have certain peculiarities, quirks, or habits that you, as a consumer, would have, no
matter what type of shopping you choose, whether you would go for online shopping or
traditional shopping, the bottom line is that you would always be able to find the best means
to whatever suits you in both the money factor and the need or want factor.

2.7 DAIGRAM OF ONLINE SHOPPING PROCESS

11
 2.8 ONLINE SHOPPING WEBSITES IN INDIA

 Flipkart.com.
 Amazon.in.
 Snapdeal.com.
 Jabong.com.
 Myntra.com.
 Localbanya.com.
 Homeshop18.
 Infibeam.com etc

2.9 ONLINE SHOPPING PRODUCTS

Cloths
Electronics products
Jewellery
Footwear
Food, Health & Beauty Supplements.
Fashion Accessories.
Toys & Video Games

Kitchen & Home Furnishing

Handmade Goods

CUSTOMER BEHAVIOUR

Donal Rogan (2007) explains the relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing
strategy. He states that “strategy is about increasing the probability and frequency of buyer
behaviour. Requirements for succeeding in doing this are to know the customer and
understand the consumer’s needs and wants.”

12
Chisnall (1995) points out that human needs and motives are inextricably linked and that the
relationship between them is so very close that it becomes difficult to identify the precise
difference which may characterize them. People may buy new coats because it protects them
against the weather, but the unreal underlying dominant need may be to follow the latest
fashion trend. Buyers’ characteristics are important theories from Kotler and Armstrong
(2007) and it explains the way that the consumer interprets and receives stimuli from
advertisements. The decisions of consumers are influenced by a number of individual
characteristics that are linked to the consumer’s specific needs (Kotler & Armstrong, 2007).

Consumer Characteristics

Consumer characteristics are explained by: Cultural characteristics, Social characteristics,

Personal characteristics, and Psychological Characteristics. These characteristics are
identified, by the marketer, in order to identify the consumer and to be able to decide on the
strategy to what kind of consumer to target. Hence, these characteristics are used in order to
segment the market and target specific consumer groups.

Cultural Characteristics

The Cultural Characteristics are recognized as the main influencer of consumer behaviour.
These characteristics are developed by three features under pinning consumer behaviour:
Culture, Subculture, and Social Class.

Culture is mentioned as the most basic cause of a person’s wants and needs. Kotler and
Armstrong (2007) argues that human behaviour is mostly learned and that I are exposed to
different sets of values and beliefs from a young age, and that these values influence our
behaviour and decision making. Hence, these characteristics are interesting for marketers and
important indicators of certain consumer behaviour and taste.

Subcultures are small group formations with a certain number of people that share values and
beliefs such as nationalities, religions or geographic regions. An identified subculture can
serve as an important and effective market segment which can be targeted.

Social class is recognized by Kotler and Armstrong (2007) as a class structure, consisting of a
combination of factors which gather different types of members. Some identified factors are
income, age, education, and wealth

13
Social Characteristics

The Social Characteristics are divided into three different categories, namely Reference
Groups, Family and Social Role and Status.

Reference Groups–According to Kotler and Armstrong (2007) the effects of the Reference
Groups is mainly based on the belief that a person’s behaviour is influenced by many small
groups. When a group has a direct influence it is called a Membership Group, for example:
family, neighbours and co-workers. Reference Groups are the groups to which the person
often wants to be long to and to be apart of but is not. These groups indirectly and directly
form a person’s behaviour and attitudes. There are three different ways by which these
groups influence a person’s behaviour; they may expose a person to new behaviours and
lifestyles, influence a person’s attitudes and self-concepts and also create a pressure of
confirmation by Reference Groups. Another influence of importance is the opinion leader .
An opinion leader is a person that influences others to follow his believes and attitudes
towards certain issues, products or areas (Kotler& Armstrong,2007).

Family–Family members have a great influence on the buying behaviour. The involvement
and influence by different family members varies, both to which degree but also in what way.
Therefore, it is important for marketers to understand which role is played by whom in the
family and direct the advertisement towards the main influencing part of the family.

Roles and Status–Each person belongs to different types of groups and also plays different
roles whilst having different positions in the various groups. Roles are identified by Kotler
and Armstrong (2007) as what activities people are expected to perform from other members
of the group.

Personal characteristics

These personal characteristics are categorized into: Age and Life-CycleStage, Occupation,
Economic Situation, Lifestyle, Personality and Self-Concept.

The Age and Life-Cycle Stage These stages explain different periods in life that the consumer
experiences as he goes through life. These different stages also represent different changes
that the consumer may experience when reaching a new stage. According to Kotler and
Armstrong (2007) marketers, therefore, define their target markets interms of the different
stages in order to develop appropriate marketing plans.

14
Occupation–The occupation tends to have an effect on the products and services bought by
the consumers. This leads to the possibility of developing different types of products or
services that suits interests identified to be above average within an occupation.

The Economic Situation–Wealth will affect a consumer’s product choice. A consumer may
be price- sensitive or not depending on the level of income, level of savings, level of interest
rates, and also the product or service itself.

Lifestyle–This is identified to be a person’s way of living which is recognized by the

activities, interest, or opinion she or she has and it also explains the way a consumer interacts
in the world.

Personality–This is mainly explained by the terms self-confidence, dominance, sociability,

autonomy, defensiveness, adaptability and aggressiveness. These psychological factors are a
result of one’s environment. Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of
characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her motivations, and
behaviours invarious situations (Ryckman,2004).

Self-concept or Self Image–Is the conceptual understanding that people’s possessions reflect
their personalities. This concept does bring some conflicts in case people may have an image
that satisfies who they are but does not agree with who they want to be (the ideal self-
concept),the question then arises which one I would want to satisfy.

Psychological Characteristics

The psychological characteristics are divided into the following concepts: Motivation,
Perception, Learning, and Beliefs and Attitudes.

Motivation–Motivation refers to a person needs that must be satisfied. These needs are of
different kind; some are biological, such as hunger, thirst and discomfort ,and some are
psychological such as the need for recognition, esteem and belonging. Needs are not satisfied
until they reach a certain point of intensity and become a motive for the consumer to satisfy
them. Kotler and Armstrong (2007) discuss several motivation theories, among them are
Freud’s and Maslow’s theories of motivation. Freud argued that a person does not really and

15
fully understand his or her motivations. Maslow on the other hand wanted to understand why
some people set out to satisfy some needs before others.

He then came to the conclusion that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from the most
pressing to the least pressing, as Kotler and Armstrong (2007) explains it. These needs are
listed as psychological needs, safety needs, socialneeds, esteem needs, and self-actualization
needs. When one need has been satisfied, a person moves on to satisfy the next.

Perception-This characteristicis based on the understanding of how differently I perceive the

same situation or the same stimuli. Kotler and Armstrong (2007) explains perception as the
process by which people select, organize, and interpret information. There are three different
processes that decide how I interpret certain information. These are Selective Attention,
Selective Distortion, and Selective Retention.

Learning–Learning is, according to Kotler and Armstrong (2007), an act that changes
people’s behaviour because of their experience. It occurs through drives: strong internal
wants that call for action, stimuli: object that drives for certain action, cues: small stimuli that
determinate when, where and how the person will respond and reinforcement: when the
response and stimuli towards an object is experienced more than once.

Beliefs and Attitudes–These are acquired by people through learning and experiencing. They
influence the buying behaviour by making up brands and product images in the consumer’s
heads. A belief is explained by Kotler and Armstrong (2007) as a descriptive thought about
something and is based on real knowledge, opinions or faith. Beliefs can also be emotionally
charged. Attitudes are described as a person’s evaluations, feelings, and tendencies towards
something, but also determinations of people such as like and dislikes.

16
Chapter 3

17
INTRODUCTION TOWARDS INSTAGRAM SHOPPING.

Instagram customer is a type of customer where young people are more contributed toward
shopping . In Instagram customergo through the pages or I’d of company profile ,where they
see the products and shop.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN INSTAGRAM

Consumer talk personally to the seller with the help of direct message.
Consumer take time to order the products.
The positive as well as negative feedback is given by the customer through comment box
publicly.

ADVANTAGES OF INSTAGRAM SHOPPING

Much information about the product

Trending products available.

More products available in one roof.

Delivery as per requirement in all over world.

No extra payment to visit different profile of shop.

Pre booking of products.

Customized products available.

Disadvantage of Instagram shopping

Mostly 60% no cash on delivery option is available

Payment mode is bank transfer mostly.

18
Can’t touch and feel the product before buying.

Sometimes delivery is not on time.

Sometime products are broken or damaged due to logistics problem.

Sometime the direct message box is hacked and the orders are taken by different people who
is not related to that company

WHAT IS INSTAGRAM

Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo-sharing application and service

that allows users to share pictures and videos either publicly or privately. It was created
by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile
app exclusively for the iOS operating system. A version for Android devices was released
two years later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited website interface in November
2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016
respectively.

Instagram lets registere users upload photos or videos to the service. Users can apply various
digital filters to their images, and add locations through geotags. They can add hashtags to
their posts, linking the photos up to other content on Instagram featuring the same subject or
overall topic. Users can connect their Instagram account to other social media profiles,
enabling them to share photos to those profiles as well. Originally, a distinctive feature of
Instagram was its confining of photos to a square; this was changed in August 2015, when an
update started allowing users to upload media at full size. In June 2012, an "Explore" tab was
introduced, showing users a variety of media, including popular photos and photos taken at
nearby locations, trending tags and places, channels for recommended videos, and curated
content. Support for videos was originally launched in June 2013, and had a 15-second
maximum duration and limited quality, with Instagram later adding support
for widescreen and longer videos. Private messaging, called Instagram Direct, was launched
with basic photo-sharing functionality in December 2013, and has gradually received major
updates incorporating more features, most notably text support and "disappearing" photos. In

19
August 2016, Instagram introduced a "Stories" feature, letting users add photos to a story,
with the content disappearing after 24 hours. Instagram added live-video functionality to
Stories in November 2016, augmented reality stickers in April 2017, and face filters in May
2017.
After its launch in 2010, Instagram rapidly gained popularity, with one million registered
users in two months, 10 million in a year, and ultimately 700 million as of April 2017. Its
users have uploaded over 40 billion photos to the service as of October 2015. As of April
2017, Instagram Direct has 375 million active users, while, as of June 2017, the Instagram
Stories functionality has over 250 million active users. Instagram was acquired
by Facebook in April 2012 for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock. The popularity
of Instagram has sparked an engaging community, including dedicated "trends", in which
users post specific types of photos on specific days of the week with a hashtag representing a
common theme. Instagram has received positive reviews for its iOS app, and it has been
named "one of the most influential social networks in the world". However, the company has
been the subject of criticism, most notably for policy and interfacechanges, allegations of
censorship, and illegal or improper content uploaded by users.

Personal Instagram vs. Instagram Business Profile

Back in early 2016, when Instagram first confirmed that it was testing new business profiles,
everyone was eager to know what it was all about: How do they work? Are they free? Can I
get one?
Fast-forward to July 2017 and over 15 million businesses have made the switch to an
Instagram business profile (up from 8 million in March)!
It’s a pretty amazing feat—although not entirely surprising. With an Instagram business
profile, businesses of any size can get analytics about their followers and posts, have a more
professional looking profile, and promote Instagram posts as ads.
Wondering if you should switch to an Instagram business profile? Find out with our handy
flowchart:

20
Personal Instagram Profile Features:

While business profiles offer a number of advanced features, such as analytics and ads,
personal Instagram profiles are way more simple: you get all the basic features without any of
the extra baggage.
That being said, there are two features that are exclusive to personal Instagram profiles:

Private Account
Okay, so this might not be the most exciting feature, but it’s worth mentioning. While
Instagram business accounts can’t be set to private, personal accounts can.
Technically, you would only ever set your account to private if you were worried about
strangers seeing your posts—but if social media privacy is really important to you then it’s
probably a good idea to stick with a personal Instagram profile.

21
Linking to Multiple Facebook Pages
A second feature that’s exclusive to personal profiles is the ability to connect multiple
Facebook pages. That’s right, while Instagram business profiles can only link
to one Facebook profile, with a personal profile you can link to as many Facebook pages as
you like!

Instagram Business Profile Features:

Whereas personal profiles are all about the basics, with Instagram business profiles users get
access to a ton of advanced features, like contact information, Instagram Insights, and
promoted posts.

Instagram Insights

One of Instagram’s best business features, Insights is the app’s built-in analytics tool that
provides detailed information on who your followers are, when they’re online, and more. You

22
can also see Insights for specific Instagram posts and Stories to see how they performed and
how people are engaging with them.
Instagram Ads
Instagram uses the same powerful advertising tools as Facebook, so you can set up, run, and
track campaigns the same way you do with Facebook ads.
Promoted Posts
Like Instagram ads, once you’ve set up a business profile on Instagram, you can promote
your posts from within the app. It’s a lot like boosting a post on your Facebook page.
Contact Button
An Instagram business profile also includes a “Contact” button near the top of their profile.
With the contact button, you have the option to include directions, a phone number, and/or
and email address.
Add Links on Instagram Stories
Have you always wanted to add links to your Instagram Stories? Well, now you can!
Instagram is now letting all business Instagram accounts with 10,000 or more followers add
links to Instagram Stories. Before, this feature was only available to verified Instagram
accounts.
Should You Switch to an Instagram Business Profile?
You’ll be able to tell if an Instagram profile is a personal or business Instagram page thanks
to a small “category” in grey under your Instagram “name.” This category is chosen by the
category of the Facebook page that you linked to.
Wondering if your profile should be a personal or business Instagram profile.

Pros: Instagram Business Profiles

Most of the benefits that come from switching to an Instagram business profile are rooted in
users’ ability to learn about and connect with their followers.
Take Instagram’s Insights feature, for example. The simple ability to track your impressions,
reach, and engagement from within the mobile app is hugely valuable for businesses! That
being said, there are other Instagram analytics tools out there, including Later’s Free
Instagram Analytics feature.

23
One of the biggest advantages of an Instagram business page is the ability to add links to
Instagram Stories (if you have over 10,000 followers). This is a huge Instagram trend right
now, and can help you grow your email list, sell products, drive traffic, and more!
There’s also the fact that business profiles can run Instagram ads, which are a super effective
way for businesses to generate sales and build engagement. In fact, according to a
recent report from Locowise, 75 percent of Instagram users take action, such as visiting a
website or making a purchase, after looking at an Instagram ad!
Really what it comes down to is business profiles offer a better marketing experience on
Instagram, whether it’s getting actionable information about which posts perform best or
reaching new followers with targeted ads.

Cons: Personal Instagram Profiles

What makes personal profiles so simple and straightforward for non-business users is also
what makes them so inadequate for businesses. Indeed, the biggest downside of sticking with
a personal profile on Instagram is the fact that you miss out on so many great features!
The fact is that if you’re using Instagram to achieve some kind of marketing goal, whether
that’s getting more followers, driving engagement, or even making sales, it’s a much better
idea to use a business profile.

Cons: Instagram Business Profiles

Other than the hassle of actually setting up a business Instagram profile (you must have a
Facebook page for your business before you can make the switch), there aren’t many
downsides to switching to a business profile.
That being said, there are a lot of users who have expressed their concern that switching
to a business profile could cause you to lose organic reach with your posts—similar to
what happened on Facebook in 2014.
Back in 2014, Facebook made an update to their News Feed that would limit the reach of
business pages, and populate feeds so users could “see more of what they want.” This change
essentially forced businesses on Facebook to pay to have their content seen as sponsored
posts, even by people who were already following a page.
If the same were to happen on Instagram, businesses could see an even bigger drop in their
Instagram engagement.

24
 How to Create an Instagram Business Account:

Now that you’re up-to-speed on the benefits of Instagram business profiles, it’s time to make
the switch! Luckily, switching to an Instagram business account is actually very simple and
can be done within the mobile app:

 Go to your profile and tap the “gear” icon.

 Tap “Switch to Business Profile.”

 Select the Facebook page that you’d like to connect to your Instagram business account. If
you don’t see your business’ Facebook page as an option, make sure that you’re listed as an
admin in the settings menu. Once the correct Facebook page appears, select it and tap
“Next.”

 Make sure your profile is set to public. Private accounts can’t switch to business accounts.

 On the “Set Up Your Business Profile” page, review your business’s contact information,
including your phone number, physical address, and email. Once everything looks good, tap
“Done” to save your Instagram business account settings.

Now that your business account is set up, your customers can contact you directly through
your profile. You can also view follower Insights and promote your posts, all within the app!

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Instagram

Share13Shar

Instagram is one of the most popular mobile photo , video sharing application , It is a new
method of sharing the pictures online via the social media sites , It is a great way of making
or meeting new friends .
Instagram is one of the most popular platforms today that allows online photo
sharing and social networking , It released in 2010 , Instagram currently has 100 million
active users with 40 million photos uploaded and shared everyday .
You can take a picture or video , then post to Instagram , It’s easy , It is a fast , beautiful and
fun way to share your life with friends and family , You can even share
to Facebook , Twitter , Tumblr , And it is a new way to see the world .

25
It increases the artistic ability by taking the pictures , It improves the communication with
people , Friend lists get increased , The professional network also increases which is helpful ,
And you can exchange the information with friends and the family in original way .
We will find many friends , We will have fantastic time , We will be relaxed , We can
share the pictures of our favourite food or pets , And we can talk with each other easily .
You can take a picture of services or products that you offer and post these for the world to
see , you can also advertise your own products if you have some business or shops , You can
take a photo of your products and post it on Instagram , And it can help you gain more
customers .

The post of images will remain forever as long as the user did not remove it from
theaccount of Instagram , So , the new followers or users can have a look about the
product of business and connected with the business brand .

Instagram is great especially if you are fond of taking the pictures and uploading them right away
for other people to see , And it is fast , When you take the picture , upload it , and it will
automatically be uploaded or posted on your Facebook account ,Twitter and Tumblr .

Instagram is a valuable medium of social media in the future especially for the business
purpose because the method of marketing and strategy are rigid but the feedbacks are higher
and the positive impact was very good , And it is easy forthe business owner to use .

The business owners can buy Instagramfollowers , So , Business

owners usingInstagram must ensure that they are producing the professional pictures of their
products or services and giving the correct message to their audience .

There are some photo applications that you can directly upload on Instagram , the photos you
have taken or edited . One of this is the photoshake , If you want to upload the photo you take
it directly on Instagram or just save it on your mobile phone or tablet .

Disadvantages of Instagram

The business seller must ensure that they are producing a great photos of their product or
services and provide an impact message to the followers or customer as through this high

26
level of technology , The photos can be manipulated using some effect so that the image
uploaded can attract the buyer to buy the product .

In Instagram enables the user to adjust the image size and enhance the quality of photos by
using the several filters of effect such as Early Bird and X-Pro II , These tools and features
can be used as a backup effect for business in marketing .

Instagram is only available as an iPhone and Android app , This photo sharing app excludes
the mobile users who have Windows Mobile , BlackBerry , or Linux , There is still many
consumers that you will not be able to reach when you use Instagram in promoting your
business .

Instagram has limited features , It enables the users to resize the images and enhance the
pictures through a variety of filters , It has 18 effects in all such as X-Pro II , Rise , Early
Bird and each new option needs to be installed or has a fee .

You have to be smart with where you put your money , as Instagram can be an amazing tool
for marketing but there are other social media platforms which you can use and are
completely free .

In Instagram ,The professional photographers can loss the copyright ownership , Instagram is
a great venue to store , caption and share the photos but the fear
of Facebook using Instagram to generate the revenues makes the photographers rethink how
they use the photo sharing app .

The copyright of the photos that posted will easily loss , That was one of the risks of using
the social media , And for business marketing , their photos of product can be repost or
copying for another parties use it without asking permission , And people can copy your
photos .

27
DATA

To know the age of the respondents?

% of respondent

15-20
21-25
26-30
30 and above

The above diagram shows us the percentage in the age of respondents.as it shown from
age 15-20 the number of respondent are 20% and from the age of 21-25 is 40% and from the
age of 26-30 is 25% and from 30 and above 15%this is the above data which is shown by this
pie chart.

table1.1

Age % of respondent
15-20 20
20-25 40
25-30 25
30 and above 15

28
2. Gender respondent on instagram

respondent

male
female

As our respondent are mostly female. I use to get more data from females as they were ready
to give their experiences, in this graph itself showing more percentage of females rather than
male, the percentage of female respondent is 52% and male respondent percentage is 48%.

gender respondent

male 48

female 52

29
3. To know the demographic where the respondent live in urban or rural

percentage

urban
rural

Interpretation

The above diagram is showing the percentage of demography of respondent and what is the
percentage of respondent who lives in rural and urban region the above diagram is showing
that 80% of the respondent are from urban area and 20% are from rural area .

Instagram is highly used in urban area. It is not reached through rural area more.

area percentage

urban 80

rural 20

30
CHAPTER 4

31
 INTRODUCTION TOWARD FACEBOOK SHOPPING

Approximately 1.13 billion people log into Facebook every day. With such a huge active
audience, ecommerce retailers are understandably eager to invest in Facebook marketing.

Of course, the vast majority of these 1.13 billion users won’t be ideal customers for your
business. Fortunately, Facebook offers the ability to create extremely targeted ads. You can
make sure your ads are only getting in front of the consumers who are most likely to buy your
products.

Facebook marketing: choose your audience

Finding the most effective criteria for ideal customers isn’t a simple, quick process. It’s
reminiscent of the Goldilocks children’s story: have to experiment before find the right fit.

Facebook choose who sees the ads based on these filters:

 Location
 Age
 Gender
 Language
 Relationship
 Education
 Work
 Ethnic Affinity
 Generation
 Parents
 Politics
 Life Events
 Interests
 Behaviour
 Connections

Because we might be tempted to target extremely specific demographics. But it’s better to
start out with a broad audience and refine it based on your results. To give an idea, imagine
you sell upscale athletic gear. Maybe you start with women in their thirties and forties who

32
are interested in fitness. After you’ve run your ads for a few weeks, Facebook shows you that
these ads perform best with 35 to 40-year-old women who take zumba, cycling, or barre
classes. You’d use that knowledge to tailor your targeting accordingly.

Not sure which filters to start with? Uses site analytics to learn more about your current
customers, including which searches led our site and which locations they’re from.we can
also run customer surveys to learn demographic data like age, gender, income, job, and so
forth.

Facebook gives you the ability to target custom audiences based on their email address or
phone number. This option is incredibly useful for ecommerce retailers: it retarget former
customers using the information they provided on checkout. Simply upload a database of
their contact information into Facebook, and the site will find the matching users.

Lookalike audiences are even more powerful. First, we choose a custom audience. This
audience could come from your imported contact information, the list of people who have
converted on a specific action, or the list of people who have liked your Facebook page.
Then, Facebook pulls from demographic data, including age, gender, and location, along with
interests and categories, to identify the users who most closely match your custom audience.

In other words, rather than guessing who your next customers will be, you can use this
feature to scientifically find them.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS FACEBOOK SHOPPING

Facebook shopping is done by the people who all are having account in facebook. Facebook
shopping is a easy process compare to other shopping processes.

Advantages

Easy information

More options of delivery

Convenience.

The convenience is the biggest perk. ...

Better prices. .

33
More variety. .
You can send gifts more easily. .
Fewer expenses. .
Price comparisons.
No crowds.
Less compulsive shopping.

Disadvantages

 Shipping Rates - Though some companies offer free flat rate shipping, it still may
come at a cost. For instance, a clothing store may offer free shipping but at a minimum
of a $50 purchase.
 Waiting - If you're an impatient person, waiting for your product to be delivered can
be a pain. There is a lack of instant gratification and even possibilities of delay when it
comes to receiving your items.
 Refunds/Returns Disputes - If an item comes damaged or not as described, you will
want to return the item or be refunded your money. Depending on where you
purchased your item, there can be different policies for refunds and returns; this
process is tedious and is prolonged since you would have to ship back the item and
wait on the buyer to refund your payment.

34
Data

1.To know the age of respondent

% OF RESPONDENT

18-25
26-35
36-50
50 AND ABOVE

Interpretation

The above diagram shows as the percentage in the age of respondent. As it shown that from the age
18-25 the number of respondent are 30%, from age of 26-35 the number of respondent are 40%,from
the age of 36-50 the number of respondent are 20%, from age 51 and above the number of respondent
are 10%.

Age % of respondent
18-25 30
26-35 40
36-50 20
50 and above 10

35
2. To know the gender of the respondent

RESPONDENT

MALE
FEMALE

Interpretation

As our respondent are mostly female and professional who uses cards .I use to get more data from
females as they we’re ready to give their experience. In this graph only it is showing more percentage
of female rather than male. The percentage of female respondent is 75% and the percentage of male
respondent is 25%.

gender respondent

male 25%

female 75%

36
3. To know the demographic whether the respondent live in urban or rural area.

PERCENTAGE

URBAN
RURAL

The above diagram is showing the percentage of demography of respondent and what is the
percentage Of respondent who lives in rural and urban region the above diagram is showing that 40%
of respondent are from rural and 60% of respondent are from urban region.

area percentage

urban 60

rural 80

37
CHAPTER 5

38
INTODUCTION TOWORDS WHATSAPP SHOPPING

WHAT IS WHATSAPP

WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging application that

allowsiPhone, BlackBerry, Android, Windows Phone and Nokia smartphone users to
exchange text, image, video and audio messages for free.

WhatsApp is used fro business too. In WhatsApp the groups are formed to advertise their
products. After force closing come back to WhatsApp and Turn it on and now create a group
and add members, you will see that the member limit which was previously 256 has raised to
the number you entered in the maximum participants in the code. That's all folks, Now you
can add as many people you want in your WhatsApp Group.

39
Advantages

 Easy information

 More options of delivery

 Convenience. The convenience is the biggest perk. ...

 Better prices.

 More variety.

 You can send gifts more easily.

 Fewer expenses.

 Price comparisons.

 No crowds.

 Less compulsive shopping

 Known customer

 Cash on delivery available

 Easy payment mode

40
Disadvantages

 Delay in delivery.
 Lack of significant discounts in online shops. .
 Lack of touch and feel of merchandise in online shopping. ...
 Lack of interactivity in online shopping. ...
 Lack of shopping experience. ...
 Lack of close examination in online shopping. ...
 Frauds in online shopping.

41
DATA

1.To know the age of respondent

% of respondent
45

40

35

30

25

% of respondent
20

15

10

0
18-25 26-35 36-50 50 and above

Interpretation

The above diagram shows as the percentage in the age of respondent. As it shown that from the age
18-25 the number of respondent are 40%, from age of 26-35 the number of respondent are 30%,from
the age of 36-50 the number of respondent are 20%, from age 51 and above the number of respondent
are 10%.

Age % of respondent
18-25 40
26-35 30
36-50 20
50 and above 10

42
2.To know the gender of the respondent

respondent
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%
respondent
30%

20%

10%

0%
others male female

Interpretation

As our respondent are mostly female and professional who uses cards .I use to get more data from
females as they we’re ready to give their experience. In this graph only it is showing more percentage
of female rather than male. The percentage of female respondent is 75% and the percentage of male
respondent is 24% and others are 1 %

gender respondent

others 1%

male 24%

female 75%

43
3. To know the demographic whether the respondent live in urban or rural area.

percentage
80

70

60

50

40
percentage

30

20

10

0
urban rural

area percentage

urban 70

rural 30

The above diagram is showing the percentage of demography of respondent and what is the
percentage Of respondent who lives in rural and urban region the above diagram is showing that 70%
of respondent are from rural and 30% of respondent are from urban region.

44
Chapter 6

45
NEED, OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

6.1 NEED

The need of this project is to identify and get insight into what main factor thr online
consumer take into consideration when most he buy product on internet what effect their
shopping behaviour basic need is to find out what are the main factor that effect the consumer
when considering making a purchase over internet.

6.2 Objective

1.to study the online shopping behaviour of consumer.

2.to study the factor influensing online shopper and consumer.

3.to study the consumer level of satisfaction with regard to online shopping.

4.to examine Whether customer prefer online shopping to physical store.

6.3 Scope

At any given time there are millions of people online and each of them are potential customer
for the company providing online sales. Due to the rapid development of the technology
surrounding the internet, a company that is interested in selling product from their website
will constantly has to search for an edge in the fierce competition. since there are so many
potential customer it is of the out most important to be able to understand what the consumer
wants and needs. The importance of analyzing and identify the factor that influence the
consumer when he or she decided to purchase on the internet is vital. Since the internet is the
new medium for their have been new demand set by the customer That is why it is crucial for
the online retailer to know what influences the online consumer.

Analyzing consumer behaviour is not as new phenomenon. The renowned marketing expert
Philip kotler has published several works on the topic of consumer behaviour theories. These
theories have been used for many years not only to understand the consumer, but also create a
marketing strategy that will attract the consumer efficiently Hence, understanding and
identifying the consumer is closely related to the direction a company will take with their
marketing strategy. These theories can also be applied to identify the online consumer and to
create consumer segments. However some distinctions must still be made when considering
traditional consumer behaviour and online consumer behaviour.

46
Chapter 7

47
Data analysis

1.To know the age of respondent

% OF RESPONDENTS

18-25
26-35
36-50
4th Qtr

Interpretation

The above diagram shows as the percentage in the age of respondent. As it shown that from the age
18-25 the number of respondent are 40%, from age of 26-35 the number of respondent are 30%,from
the age of 36-50 the number of respondent are 20%, from age 51 and above the number of respondent
are 10%.

Age % of respondent
18-25 40
26-35 30
36-50 20
50 and above 10

48
2.To know the gender of the respondent

respondent

others
male
female

Interpretation

As our respondent are mostly female and professional who uses cards .I use to get more data from
females as they we’re ready to give their experience. In this graph only it is showing more percentage
of female rather than male. The percentage of female respondent is 75% and the percentage of male
respondent is 24% and others are 1%

gender respondent

others 1%

male 24%

female 75%

49
3. To know the demographic whether the respondent live in urban or rural area.

percentage

rural
urban

The above diagram is showing the percentage of demography of respondent and what is the
percentage

Of respondent who lives in rural and urban region the above diagram is showing that 30% of
respondent are from rural and 70% of respondent are from urban region.

area percentage

urban 70

rural 30

50
4. To know the monthly income of the respondent.

% of responent

less than 10000

10000-20000
20000-30000
30000-40000
40000 & above

Interpretation

The above diagram shows the percentage of monthly income of the different respondent and
it showed that less than income 10000 buyed a more product because they are young
generation, more into online shopping

income % of respondent
Less than 10000 60
10000-20000 22
20000-30000 15
30000-40000 3
40000 and above 0

51
5. Do you feel online shopping is better than shopping at physical store

% of respondent

yes
no
cantsay

Interpretation

After analyzing the above graph shown that the people are in favour of that online shopping
is better than physical store the percentage of people who say say online shopping is better is
45% and the people who say it is not good is 38% .still the percentage of people who say yes
than no is more .

Do u feel that online shopping is better than % respondent

Shopping in physical store
Yes 45
No 38
Can’t say 12

52
6. How do u make your payment on internet

% of respondent

credit card/debit card

bank transfer
pay pal
others

How do u make your payment online % of respondent

Credit card/debit card 78
Bank transfer 5
Pay pal 15
Others 2

Interpretation

The diagram show that most of the people uses credit card for the payments 78% people uses
to pay credit card and 5% though bank transfer and 15% though pay pal 2%

53
7. Have you face any problem while shopping online

% of respondent

yes
no
cant say

Have you face any problem while shopping % of respondent

online
Yes 30
No 50
Cant say 20

Interpretation

This graph show that whether people faces any problem while shopping online or not the
result shows 50% of people do not face any problem,30% of people faces the problem and
20% cant say anything. The result is quite positive.

54
 8.What product do u buy online.

% of respondenet

cloths
jwellery
bags
footwear
electronics

Interpretation

The above diagram shows the result of which product people buy on internet ,people use to
buy cloths 40%,jewellery 10%,bags 20%,footwear 10% and electronics 20%. It shows that
the people buy cloths more in online

Which product you buy on internet % respondent

Cloths 40
Jewellery 10
Bags 20
Footwear 10
electronics 20

55
Conclusion

When a consumer purchases a online product, he or she is affected by various factors.

The main influencing factors have been identified as Price, Trust and Convenience.

The Price factor exists because prices are often lower on Internet sites as compared to
physical stores due to lower costs of inventory and infrastructure. Purchasing a product online
can greatly benefit the consumer in terms of convenience and saving money. It is also
convenient to shop on various sites with different assortments, from home. Trust is evidently
needed since the consumer must share personal and financial information when purchasing an
online product. These types of data include the full name, delivery address and credit card
number for example, which makes Trust an important factor.

Online Shopping not only benefits the consumer but also the seller in many ways. It becomes
easy for an upcoming or start-ups to make a great difference in the market. Anyone can sell
anything, now a days there are even sites that sell used products or products that can be
rented for one time use and then returned with all the convenience of door delivery as well as
door pickups.

People opt for online shopping rather than retail or mall shopping is because it is very
convenient and they get a large variety that they wouldn’t get in retail stores. Big big brands
like Vero moda, Bennetton, Levies, Nike, Addidas, Puma etc has invested greatly in online
shopping.

Hence People prefer online shopping more that retail shopping knowing there its Pros and
Cons. People have become tech savvy and want more convenience as they don’t have time.
So online shopping helps them save their time and it is convenient.

56
Chapter 8

57
ANNEXURE

The Questionnaire

1. What is your Gender? *

Male

Female

Transgender

2. Which category best describes your age? *

<=20

21-25

25-33

34-41

42>=

3. Which area you belongs to? *

Rural

Urban

4. What is your occupation/ Employment status? *

Student

Professional

Government Employee

Self Employed

Other:

5. Which category best describes your disposable income? *

< 5000

5000-6999

58
 7000-8999

9000-10999

11000-12999

>= 13000

6. Do you have your own internet connection? *

Yes

No

7. Have you ever done online shopping *

Yes

No

8. What motivates you to buy Online? *

Easy payment

No hidden cost

Wide range of products

No travel to shop

9. Do you feel that the online marketers are providing competitive prices? *

Yes

No

Cant say

10. What products you buy on internet? *

Books

Music CD's

Clothing

Mobiles and Acessories

59
 Personal and Healthcare

11. Which of the following stores have you visited online? *

e-bay

Amazon

Flipkart

letsbuy

Myntra

Other:

12. What factors help you to decide which site to use for online shopping? *

Search Engine

Personal Recommendation

Special Offers On Sites

Online Advertising

Tv advertising

13. How do you make your payments on internet ? *

Debit/ credit card

Internet banking

Paypal

GoogleWallet

Cash-on-Delivery

14. How often you do Online shopping? *

once a month

once a week

Twice a month

Twice a week

60
15. How is your previous experience with online purchases? *

1 2 3 4 5

Very Bad Very Good

16. What is your future expectations of online shopping? *

1 2 3 4 5

Very Bad Very Good

17. How much does family affect online purchase? *

1 2 3 4 5

Not at all Very much

18. How much does friends affect online purchase? *

1 2 3 4 5

Not at all Very much

19. How much does online forums affect online purchase? *

1 2 3 4 5

Not at all Very much

20. How much time do you spend online daily? *

< 30 min

1-2 hours

2-5 hours

> 5 hours

21. How much percentage of your online time consists of online shopping? *

< 20%

20-40%

40-60%

> 60%

61
22. Are you saving money while purchasing items online? *

1 2 3 4 5

Not at all Always

23. Do you compare price through different price comparison websites? *

1 2 3 4 5

Negative Positive

24. Do you find it secure to purchase things online? *

1 2 3 4 5

Negative Positive

25. Do you trust the internet retailer? *

1 2 3 4 5

Negative Positive

26. Is purchasing online saves time compared to purchasing items on a store? *

1 2 3 4 5

Negative Positive

27. Is purchasing online involves less effort compared to purchasing items at a store? *

1 2 3 4 5

Negative Positive

28. Do you feel that online shopping is better than shopping at brick and mortar store? *

Yes

No

Cant say

62
Chapter 9

63
REFERENCES

https://issuu.com/sanjaykumarguptaa/docs/a_study_on_consumer_behabioural_att

https://www.desidime.com/whatsapp

http://m.indiatoday.in/story/india-online-shopping-consumer-goods/1/159023.html

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/ijerd_editor/online-shopping-behaviour-in-india

https://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/7698365/Changing-Attitude-of-Indian-Consumer-Towards-
Online-Shopping-doc

https://www.shopify.in/facebook

https://issuu.com/sanjaykumarguptaa/docs/a_study_on_consumer_behabioural_att

https://www.online-sciences.com/technology/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-
instagram/

Articles and Reports:

 Allred, R. C., Smith M. S. and Swinyard, R. W(2006), ‘E-shopping loversand fearful

conservatives: a market segmentation analysis’,InternationalJournalof Retail & Distribution
Management34: 4/5, 308-333.
 Brengman, M., Geuenes, M., Weijters, B., Smith, M. S. and Swinyard R. W.(2005),
‘Segmenting Internet shoppers based in their Web-usage-relatedlifestyle: across cultural
validation’,Journal of Business Research58, 79 – 88.

64
 Constantinides, E. (2004) ‘Influencing the online consumer’s behavior: theWeb
experience’,Internet Research14: 2, 111-126.
 Goldsmith, E. R. and Flynn, R. L. (2004) ‘Psychological and behaviouraldrivers of online
clothing purchase’,Journal of Fashion Marketing andManagement,8:1, 84-95.

65