S49

Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure Page 1 of 10
Exercise: Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure

Before you begin Hide/Unhide
Training Files:
Download the training files using the button below, if you have not done so already.
Download
Procedure Setup:
1. To avoid naming conflicts, it is recommended you save your work, click File > Close until no models
display, then click File > Manage Session > Erase Not Displayed.
2. Click File > Manage Session > Set Working Directory and navigate to the
PTCU\CreoParametric2\Simulate_Modeling\DefineForce folder and click OK
3. Click File > Open and double-click TRACTION_SHEAVE_SHAFT_B.PRT .
Objectives
Define constraints.
Define forces.
Define and run a static analysis.
Create result windows.
Scenario
In this exercise, you investigate the stresses and deformations that develop on a sheave shaft under external
loads. The structural component is subjected to several types of loads (pressure and torque). The purpose of
the exercise is to show how to combine their effects. In this example, you assume only material linearity.
Therefore, the load effects can be linearly combined.
In this example, the knowledge about the load magnitudes is either simulated or evaluated from the limp belt
theory. Always make sure that you are using legitimate engineering references when analytically estimating
load values or constraint systems.
From the belt drive, the shaft is loaded in bending and torsion as shown below. You want to transfer a torque
of 50 N. You can make use of the limp belt theory and the equations shown.
http://precisionlms.ecorp.cat.com/precisionlms/standard-content/coach_cp_2b2ec2c6-... 21-03-2018
Figure 1
Study these load components and think about how to group them to examine their individual effects. You use
three main load sets:
1. The pressure from belt pretension.
2. The external torque.
3. Additional belt pressure from the transferred torque.
In this exercise, we use the following values and properties:
Load Definition Value

T Torque to be transferred 50 N
B1req Minimum required belt pretension 1824.1 N
force to transfer torque
B1 Selected belt pretension (force in 2500 N
the loose side of the belt)
B2 Tensile force in the loaded side of 5357.14 N
the belt
Ft Tangential force (transfers the 2857.14 N
torque)
d Traction sheave diameter 35 mm
w Belt width 6 mm
pB1 Belt pressure from selected belt 23.8095 MPa
pretension
pFTmax Maximum additional belt pressure 27.2109 MPa
from tangential force
fFt Belt tangential traction from 8.6615 MPa
tangential force
μ Friction coefficient belt-sheave 0.3
α Wrap angle 180°=3.1415 rad
Task 1. Investigate the model properties.
1. Click File > Prepare > Model Properties. The Model Properties dialog box appears.
2. Review the units used in the model. To close the Model Properties dialog box, click Close.
3. In the model tree, expand Materials. Right-click HIGH_STRENGTH_STEEL and select Edit
Definition. The Material Definition dialog box appears.
4. Review the values for Young’s Modulus (E) and Poisson’s Ratio. In addition to the stresses and
deformations, you will plot the Failure Index. Therefore, the Failure Criteria has been defined for
this material. It is a ductile material and the Yield Strength of the material has been specified. Click
Ok to close the Material Definition dialog box.
5. Review the surface and volume regions created in the model. These are used for constraint and
load definitions. To identify these simulation features, expand Simulation Features. Click in each
feature to identify it in the model. The surface regions help to define constraints in the model. The
volume regions help to define loads.
6. Review the datum points defined in the model by clicking PNT2, PNT3, PNT4, and PNT5 in the
model tree. These points help to define constraints in the model.
Task 2. Define constraints in the model.
1. Define the weighted links in the model. In the ribbon, select the Refine Model tab.
2. Click Weighted Link from the Connections group. The Weighted Link Definition dialog box
appears.
3. Select Surfaces from the Independent Side drop-down list. Select the cylindrical surface Surf:F30
on the model as shown.
Figure 2
4. Enable Point Display . In the Weighted Link Definition dialog box, Dependent Side section,
click in the Point field. Select PNT8 on the model as shown.
Figure 3
5. Click OK.
6. Repeat this procedure to create a second weighted link on the other end of the shaft. Select PNT9
as the Dependent Side point.
7. Click Spring from the Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.
8. Complete the following:

◾ Select To Ground from the Type drop-down list.
◾ Select Single in the References section.
◾ Select PNT8 on the model.
9. In the Properties section, click More. The Spring Properties dialog box appears.
10. Click New. The Spring Property Definition dialog box appears.
11. Complete the Spring Property Definition dialog box as shown.
Figure 4
12. In the Spring Property Definition dialog box, click OK.
13. In the Spring Properties dialog box, click OK.
14. In the Spring Definition dialog box, click OK.
15. Define a second spring element To Ground for PNT9 at the opposite end of the shaft. Complete
the Spring Property Definition dialog box as shown, and click OK to return to the Spring Properties
dialog box.
Figure 5
16. Click OK to close the Spring Properties and Spring Definition dialog boxes and complete the spring
definition.
17. In addition to the two spring elements that you just created, you need to create a “dummy” spring
element connecting the two points, PNT8 and PNT9. This element is needed to bypass any error
checking done by Creo Simulate regarding the To Ground springs. Click Spring from the
Idealizations group. The Spring Definition dialog box appears.

◾ Select Simple from the Type drop-down list.
◾ Select Point-Point in the References section.
◾ Select PNT8 and PNT9 on the model.
◾ In the Properties section, select Constant Stiffness from the Extensional Force-Deflection
Variation drop-down list.
◾ In the Extensional Stiffness field, type 0.001.
◾ In the Torsional Stiffness field, type 0.
19. Click OK to close the Spring Definition dialog box and complete the spring definition.
Task 3. Define the model loads.
1. Define a load set simulating the belt preload. The load is defined in a Cylindrical coordinate system
that has been defined. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Force/Moment Load from the Loads group. The Force/Moment Load dialog box
appears.
3. In the Member of Set section, click New. The Load Set Definition dialog box appears.
4. Type Belt_Preload in the Name field. Click OK.
5. Select the curved surface on the model as shown. One surface should be displayed in the
selection bin.
Figure 6
6. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Selected in the Properties section.
7. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select CS1.
8. Select Force Per Unit Area from the Distribution drop-down list.
9. In the Force section, type –23.8095 in the R field.
10. Click Preview to review the load.
11. Click OK.
12. Define a load simulating the torque in the shaft. This torque load set has two loads. The first load is
the transferred torque defined at the end of the shaft. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
appears.
15. Type Torque in the Name field. Click OK.
16. Select the curved surface on the model as shown. Two surfaces should be displayed in the
selection bin.
Figure 7
17. In the Force/Moment Load dialog box, select Advanced in the Properties section.
18. Select Total Load at Point from the Distribution drop-down list. In the model, select PNT2.
19. In the Moment section, type –50000 in the Z field.
21. Click OK.
22. The second load of the torque load set is applied on half of the surface shaft. In the ribbon, select
the Home tab.
appears.
24. In the Member of Set section, select Torque from the drop-down list.
selection bin.
Figure 8
27. In the model tree, select CS1.
29. In the Force section, type 8.6614935 in the Theta field.
31. Click OK.
32. The last load set contains the additional pressure load from the transferred torque. The load is
going to vary as a function of geometry. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
appears.
35. Type Belt_addition_p_from_T in the Name field. Click OK.
selection bin.
Figure 9
38. In the model tree, select CS1.
40. Select Interpolated Over Entity from the Spatial Variation drop-down list.
41. Press CTRL and select PNT3 and PNT4 from the model.
42. In the Value column, type 0 in the first field, and type 27.2109 in the second field.
43. In the Force section, type –1 in the R field.
45. Click OK.
Task 4. Define and run the static analysis.
1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.
2. Click Analyses and Studies from the Run group. The Analyses and Design Studies dialog box
appears.
3. Click File > New Static. The Static Analysis Definition dialog box appears.

◾ In the Name field, type Shaft.
◾ Select only the following load sets in the Load Set/Component section.
◾ Belt_Preload
◾ Torque
◾ Belt_addition_p_from_T
◾ Keep all other defaults.
Note that there are no constraint sets. The spring elements defined as To Ground are the
actual constraints.
5. Click OK.
6. Click Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.
7. Click Display Study Status to view the summary report after the analysis is complete. Note
the maximum values for the stresses and deformations for all three load sets. These effects are
not added; they are computed individually.
8. Close all dialog boxes except for the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Task 5. Create result windows and inspect the results.
1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Shaft.
2. Create the following fringe plots to visually interpret the results:

◾ Maximum displacement magnitude
◾ Failure Index
◾ Principal Stress Vectors
Note that Creo Simulate provides three individual results to choose the effects from based
on the load sets defined. By default Creo Simulate will combine these effects. Clear the
Include check boxes to investigate individual effects or other load combinations. In
addition, note the Scaling option. Since this is a linear static analysis, a multiplier can be
used to get the effects of applying three times the load in the model. The multiplier can
have different values for each load set defined in the model.
This completes the exercise.

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Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure Page 1 of 10

Exercise: Defining Forces, Moments, and Pressure

3. Click File > Open and double-click TRACTION_SHEAVE_SHAFT_B.PRT .

Define and run a static analysis.

Create result windows.

1. The pressure from belt pretension.

2. The external torque.

3. Additional belt pressure from the transferred torque.

In this exercise, we use the following values and properties:

Load Definition Value

Task 1. Investigate the model properties.

Task 2. Define constraints in the model.

8. Complete the following:

◾ Select Single in the References section.

◾ Select PNT8 on the model.

11. Complete the Spring Property Definition dialog box as shown.

12. In the Spring Property Definition dialog box, click OK.

13. In the Spring Properties dialog box, click OK.

14. In the Spring Definition dialog box, click OK.

18. Complete the following:

◾ Select Point-Point in the References section.

◾ Select PNT8 and PNT9 on the model.

◾ In the Extensional Stiffness field, type 0.001.

◾ In the Torsional Stiffness field, type 0.

Task 3. Define the model loads.

4. Type Belt_Preload in the Name field. Click OK.

7. In the model tree, expand Simulation Features and select CS1.

9. In the Force section, type –23.8095 in the R field.

10. Click Preview to review the load.

11. Click OK.

15. Type Torque in the Name field. Click OK.

19. In the Moment section, type –50000 in the Z field.

20. Click Preview to review the load.

21. Click OK.

27. In the model tree, select CS1.

29. In the Force section, type 8.6614935 in the Theta field.

30. Click Preview to review the load.

31. Click OK.

35. Type Belt_addition_p_from_T in the Name field. Click OK.

38. In the model tree, select CS1.

43. In the Force section, type –1 in the R field.

44. Click Preview to review the load.

45. Click OK.

Task 4. Define and run the static analysis.

1. In the ribbon, select the Home tab.

4. Complete the following:

◾ Keep all other defaults.

6. Click Start Run . Click Yes to run interactive diagnostics.

Task 5. Create result windows and inspect the results.

1. In the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box, select Shaft.

2. Create the following fringe plots to visually interpret the results:

◾ Principal Stress Vectors

This completes the exercise.

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