Overhead Lines

1. A substance in which electrical charge carriers move easily from atom to atom
2. Air insulated cables suspended from insulated supports
3. It has a power transfer capacity approximately proportional to the square of the line voltage
4. Legally granted free space that may be leased or purchased
5. Vertical distance between the point where the line is joined to the tower
6. The horizontal distance between two towers
7. Assumed uniform span
8. The result of the tensioning of the line
9. Electrical isolation between two conductive components
10. The conduction of electricity across the surface
11. Two important parameters while designing an electrical assembly
12. Integral part of substation safety requirements

1. Electrical Conductor
2. Overhead Lines
3. Overhead Lines
4. Right of Way
5. Sag
6. Span
7. Ruling Span
8. Sag
9. Electrical Clearance
10. Creepage
11. Creepage and Clearance
12. Personal Protective Equipment

Types of Conductor/Cable

1. All aluminum Conductors

2. Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
3. All Aluminum Alloy Conductors
4. Aerial Bundle Cable

Conductor Selection

1. Conductor Size
2. Gauge
3. Conductor Stranding
4. Metric Equivalent of AWG
Substation

1. The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics of electric supply

2. Substation which change the voltage level of electric supply
3. Switching operation of power lines
4. Improve the power factor of the system
5. Change the supply frequency of electricity
6. Substation which change AC power to DC power
7. 11kV up to 66kV
8. Substation with voltage above 66kV
9. Preferred in highly populated areas where the space available is limited
10. Used for switching the high tension transmission line
11. Substation that is built entirely in the open usually enclosed by a fence from the point of view of
safety

1. Substation
2. Transformer Substation
3. Switching Substation
4. Power Factor Correction Substation
5. Frequency Changer Substation
6. Converting Substation
7. Indoor Substation
8. Outdoor Substation
9. Underground Substation
10. Triple Pole Mechanically Operated Switch
11. Foundation Mounted Substation
Important Points

1. It should be located at proper site

2. It should provide safe and reliable arrangement
3. It should be easily operated and maintained
4. It should involve minimum capital cost

Classification of Substation

Service Requirements

1. Transformer Substation
2. Switching Substation
3. Power Factor Correction Substation
4. Frequency Changer Substation
5. Industrial Substation
6. Converting Substation

Constructional Features

1. Outdoor Substation
2. Indoor Substation
3. Underground Substation
4. Pole Mounted Substation
Towers and Poles

1. a tall structure, usually a steel lattice tower, used to support an overhead power line.
2. The portion above the top cross arm
3. hold the transmission conductor
4. This portion of the tower plays a vital role for maintaining required ground clearance of the
bottom conductor of the transmission line.
5. most common type of transmission tower. It's used for voltages ranging from 110 to 735 kV.
6. used for voltages ranging from 110 to 315 kV.
7. designed for voltages ranging from 230 to 735 kV. It's used mainly for power lines leaving the La
Grande and Manic-Outtrades hydroelectric complexes.
8. a column or post used to support overhead power lines and various other public utilities
9. wire is connected to a grounding device aids in preventing damage to the pole and the electrical
system in the event of a lightning strike.
10. Prevent energized wires from coming in contact with each other or the utility pole.
11. Are on top of the pole and usually carry 12,000 volts of electricity from a substation.
12. Act like a fuse and open when there is a problem with the line or a section of it.
13. Protect the pole and equipment from lightning strikes.
14. acts as a line back to the substation and balances out the amount of electricity or load on the
system
15. Convert higher voltage electricity carried by primary wires and lowers the voltage for use by
customers.
16. Are typically the lowest wires.
17. It directs any electricity on the pole safely into the earth
18. Helps stabilize utility poles.
19. The standard utility pole in our country is about _________ long and is buried about ________
in the ground.
20. poles can reach heights of __________ or more to satisfy clearance requirements.
21. They are typically spaced about ____________ apart in urban areas, or about ___________in
rural areas,
22. Vertical Clearance Requirements – Along sidewalks or above areas accessible to pedestrian
23. Vertical Clearance Requirements – Over residential property, driveways, commercial areas
24. Vertical Clearance Requirements – Over public streets, alleys, roads, parking areas subject to
truck traffic
25. Vertical Clearance Requirements – Along and across national highways
26. the backbone of the electrical line. It is partially buried to support all of the equipment.
27. This provides overload protection. A link inside a fiberglass barrel operates the cutout, which
isolates the tap from the main line.
28. connects the main line to the transformer.
29. These ceramic objects hold the conductors in place and insulate them from the pole.
30. This wire is connected to a metal rod driven eight feet into the ground. Its job is to ground the
system.
31. This stranded wire helps stabilize the pole
32. These porcelain or rubber objects support the electric wires and prevent an undesired flow of
electricity.

1. Power Tower/Transmission Tower

2. Peak
3. Cross Arm
4. Body
5. Waist Type
6. Double Circuit
7. Guyed V Tower
8. Utility Pole
9. Ground Conductor
10. Insulators
11. Primary Wire
12. Cutouts
13. Lightning Arrester
14. Neutral Wire
15. Transformer
16. Telephone and Cable wires
17. Ground wire
18. Guy wire
19. 12m.2m
20. 37m
21. 38..91m
22. 3100mm
23. 3700mm
24. 5500mm
25. 7400mm
26. Utility pole
27. Fused Cutout
28. Wire and Clamp
29. Strain insulators
30. Pole Ground wire
31. Guy Wire
32. Insulators
Materials used in distribution poles

1. Wood
2. Steel
3. Concrete
4. Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Types of Pole

1. Wooden Electric
2. Concrete Electric
3. Steel Tubular Electric
4. Rail Electric

Parts of a Power Tower

1. Peak
2. Cross arm
3. Cage
4. Body

Safely designing a structure requires knowledge (5)

1. Loading districts
2. NESC Safety factors
3. Conductor Tensions
4. Weights
5. Diameter

Types of Tower

1. Waist Type
2. Double Circuit
3. Guyed –V tower
4. Tubular Steel Pole
5. Guyed Cross-rope Suspension
Parts of the Pole

1. Utility Pole
2. Transformer
3. Fused Cutout
4. Wire and Clamp
5. Primary Conductor
6. Secondary Tap
7. Strain Insulators
8. Pole ground wire
9. Guy Wire
10. Insulators
11. Pole-top pins
12. Cross arm and braces
13. Main line Neutral Conductor
14. Insulator pins
15. Security Light
 Fuses and MCB
1. current interrupting devices which break or open the circuit
2. ______________ is very difficult to extinct because there are no zero current flows in the circuit
3. The frequency of the AC fuses changes it amplitude from _________ to _______ in very one
second.
4. mostly used in the small current circuit or for domestic wiring.
5. The base of the fuse is made up of ____________
6. The fuse element is totally enclosed in an enclosed container
7. it clears the low as well as a high fault current.
8. has the high-speed operation and also does not require maintenance.
9. The enclosure of the HRC fuse is filled with powdered _____________
10. reduces the temperature under overloaded condition.
11. the fuse wire is replaced with a live circuit with the help of fuse puller.
12. This fuse requires the additional circuit for taking out the switch without getting a shock.
13. fuse is used for the protection of outdoor transformers.
14. It is a mechanical device having enough force and displacement which can be used for closing
tripping/indicator circuits.
15. used for low and medium voltages circuit.
16. The main problem of the high voltage fuses is that of the ______________
17. HRC fuse is wound in the shape of the helix which avoids the _____________ at the higher
voltages
18. They may be employed for the transformer protection and the backup protection to the circuit
breaker.
19. widely used for the protection of feeders and transformer because of their low cost.
20. an electromagnetic device that embodies complete enclosure in a molded insulating material.
21. time delay tripping devices
22. is provided to force the arc that is produced between the main contacts.
23. This type of MCB will trip instantly at a rate of three to five times its rated current.
24. these are suitable for residential or light commercial installations.
25. This type of MCB will trip instantly at a rate of five to ten times its rated current.
26. This type of MCB will trip instantly at a rate of ten to twenty five times its rated current.
27. These are normally used for very high inductive loads where high inrush current are very
frequent.
 1. Fuse
2. DC Fuse
3. 0 deg to 60 deg
4. Rewirable Fuses
5. Porcelain
6. Cartridge Type Fuses
7. High Rupturing Capacity Fuse
8. High Rupturing Capacity Fuse
9. Pure quartz
10. Tin-Joint
11. Knife Blade Type
12. Knife Blade Type
13. Dropout Fuse
14. Striker Fuse
15. Switch Fuse
16. Corona Effect
17. Corona Effect
18. Liquid Type HV HRC Fuse
19. Expulsion Type HV Fuse
20. Miniature Circuit Breaker
21. Miniature Circuit Breaker
22. Arc Runner
23. Type B
24. Type B
25. Type C
26. Type D
27. Type D

Classes of Low Voltage Fuses

1. Rewirable Fuses
2. Cartride Fuses
3. Drop-out Fuses
4. Striker Fuses
 5. Switch Fuses

Main Part of D type Cartridge Fuses

1. Base
2. Adapter Ring
3. Cartridge
4. Fuse Cap

Types of Cartridge Fuses

1. Knife Blade
2. Bolted Type

Types of High Voltage Fuses

1. Cartridge Type HV HRC Fuses

2. Expulsion Type HV Fuse
3. Liquid Type HV HRC Fuse

Types of Miniature Circuit Breakers

1. Type B MCB
2. Type C MCB
3. Type D MCB