Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
• Nutrients
• Growth Processes • Water
• Growth Requirements • Temperature (Heat)
• Types of Growth & Development • Light
– Factors
• Growth Substances
(Hormones)
1
Nutrient & Water Absorption Temperature
• Most absorption occurs near the apexes of • Optimum Temperature Range
young roots – Maximum photosynthesis and normal
respiration
• Older roots tend to get “corky” (layers
• Diurnal Temperature
impervious to water/nutrient absorption)
– Fluctuation between day and night
• Young plants have a relatively small root temperatures
area: – For all crops: Optimum day temperature is
– Have a relatively high water and nutrient higher than optimum night temperature
requirement – Optimum temp for photosynthesis is higher
than optimum temp for respiration
2
Temperature Effects on Crops Types of Growth & Development
• Warm season crops produce maximum • Vegetative Phase
yields under relatively high temperatures – Carbohydrate Utilization
• Cool season crops produce maximum
yields under relatively low temperatures • Reproductive Phase
– Accumulation or storage of carbohydrates
• Excessive temperatures will adversely
affect crop yields
3
Reproductive Growth Phase Reproductive Triggers
Vernalization:
• Maturation of tissues manufactured during Temperature treatment below a minimum for a
vegetative phase minimum length of time (established for each crop)
• Production of growth regulators • Quantitative • Obligate
• Development of flower buds, flowers, fruit – Lettuce, radish, – Beets, cabbage,
and seed, or the development of storage spinach, Chinese carrots, celery, Swiss
organs cabbage, kohlrabi, chard, collards, kale,
turnips, endive, leeks, onion, parsley,
• Relatively little cell division occurs chicory parsnips, rutabaga,
• Most of the carbohydrates are accumulated brussels sprouts,
in the fruit, seed or storage organs cauliflower, broccoli
Reproductive Triggers
• Vernalization • Why are reproductive triggers important?
– Temperature treatment below a minimum for – For reproductive crop plants:
a minimum length of time (established for • Must have enough supportive structures to support
each crop) reproductive growth
– May be Obligate or Quantitative – For vegetative crop plants
• Photoperiod • Must reach marketable size and harvest before
– Length of day/night (long-day vs. short-day) reproductive growth begins
– May be Obligate or Quantitative
– The majority of vegetable crops are day-
neutral