SPICER ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY

AUNDH ROAD, GANESHKIND, PUNE- 411007

ASSIGNMENT 1

PARTS OF SPEECH, PHARSES AND CLAUSES

SUNNY ANAND TIRKEY

16313002

10TH JANUARY 2019

1.Noun
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things,
animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of
speech, which is why they are the first ones taught to students in primary
school.

Examples:
1.Dogs can be extremely cute.
2. Tom Hanks is very versatile.

2.Pronoun
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun.
Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they,
theirs, and ours.
Examples:
1.Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to
stop.
2.We are number one.

3.Adjective
This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can
specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.

Examples:

1.I have two hamsters.

2.Wow! That doughnut is huge!

4. Verb
This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would
not exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or
state of being of the subject in a sentence.

Examples:
1. I wonder what will happen on the next episode
2.Jesse Pink man laughed hysterically.
5. Adverb

Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference
is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.

Examples:

1.She came yesterday.

2.Annie danced gracefully.

6. Preposition

This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location
in time.

Examples:

1.Micah is hiding under the bed.

2. My kite soared above the building.

7. Conjunction

The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses

together.

Examples: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so

1. This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.

2. Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to
audition.

8. Interjection

This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since

interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are usually
followed by an exclamation point.
Examples:

1.Ouch! That must have hurt.

2.Hurray, we won!
Phrase
is such a banal term for two or more words that convey an idea that it may
surprise you that there are seven types of phrases, with variations. Here, with
pertinent phrases in sample sentences formatted in boldface, is a rundown of the
categories:

1. Absolute Phrase

An absolute phrase is a modifying parenthetical or subordinate phrase of a root

sentence that includes a subject but does not have an acting verb so cannot stand on
its own as sentence.

Example: The weather being fine, we went out for a picnic.

2. Appositive Phrase

An appositive phrase is one that restates a preceding term, or expands or explains

it, in a parenthetical statement.

Example: My friend Sarah Jones won the talent show

3. Gerund Phrase

A gerund phrase includes a verbal, a hybrid that functions as a noun (or adjective).

Example: Putting on makeup is something I don't like to do

4. Infinitive Phrase

An infinitive phrase includes the word to and a verb as the basis of a modification
of a root sentence.

Example : I really like to read.

5. Noun Phrase

A noun phrase consists of a person, place, or thing and any modifiers.

Example: The boy at the back likes to tease me.

6. Participial Phrase

A participial phrase consists of verbal’s ending in -ing or -ed, or another irregular

form of a verb, and serves as an adjective.

Example: The man getting out of the car is my dad.

7. Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a noun or pronoun that serves

as the preposition’s object, and often one or more adjectives.

Example: Give the pencil to the teacher.

Clauses
A clause is a group of related words; but unlike a phrase, a clause has a subject and
verb. An independent clause, along with having a subject and verb, expresses a
complete thought and can stand alone as a coherent sentence. In contrast,
a subordinate or dependent clause does not express a complete thought and
therefore is not a sentence. A subordinate clause standing alone is a common error
known as a sentence fragment.

Independent clauses

He saw her. The Washington’s hurried home. Free speech has a price.
Grammatically complete statements like these are sentences and can stand alone.
When they are part of longer sentences, they are referred to
as independent (or main) clauses.

wo or more independent clauses can be joined by using coordinating conjunctions

( and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet) or by using semicolons. The most important
thing to remember is that an independent clause can stand alone as a complete
sentence.

In the following example, the independent clause is a simple sentence.

Erica brushed her long, black hair.

Subordinate clauses

A subordinate clause has a subject and verb but, unlike an independent clause,
cannot stand by itself. It depends on something else in the sentence to express a
complete thought, which is why it's also called a dependent clause. Some
subordinate clauses are introduced by relative pronouns ( who, whom, that, which,
what, whose) and some by subordinating conjunctions ( although, because,
if, unless, when, etc.). Subordinate clauses function in sentences as adjectives,
nouns, and adverbs.

Relative clauses

A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun and functions as an adjective.In

the following sentence, the relative pronoun that is the subject of its clause
and won the Pulitzer Prize is the predicate. This clause couldn't stand by itself. Its
role in the complete sentence is to modify novel, the subject of the independent
clause.

The novel that won the Pulitzer Prize didn't sell well when it was first published.
Bibliography

Websites

1. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech.htm

2. https://www.toppr.com/guides/english/vocabulary/types-of-phrases/

3.https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/grammar/phrases-clauses-and-
sentences/types-of-clauses

Books

1.Essential Grammar in Use (Fourth Edition)

2. Advance English Grammar – Mark Lester