Notes in Thermodynamics: RAYMOND G.

MENESES

Internal Energy

𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶𝑣 𝑇
Change in Internal Energy

∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊
Enthalpy

𝐻 = 𝑈 + 𝑃𝑉
Area under P-V Curve – WORK

Area under T-S Curve – HEAT

SUBLIMATION. Changing Solid to Gas without going through liquid phase.

DEPOSITION. Changing Gas to Solid without going through liquid phase.

REGELATION. Melting at high pressure and Freezing when pressure is reduced.

BRYTON CYCLE. Also known as Gas Turbine or Combustion Turbine.

EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Latent Heat

𝑄𝐿 = +
−𝑚𝐿

+: heat entering

-: heat leaving

L: latent heat

QL: heat needed by the body to change its phase

without changing its tempera ture.

𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐿𝑓 (𝑖𝑐𝑒) = 80
𝑘𝑔
𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐿𝑣 (𝑖𝑐𝑒) = 540
𝑘𝑔
Effusion. Diffusion due to thermal motion.

Insolation. is the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface.

Joule Expansion. Also known as free expansion, is an irreversible process in thermodynamics in which a
volume of gas is kept in one side of a thermally isolated container (via a small partition), with the other
side of the container being evacuated.
Regenerative heat exchanger. or more commonly a regenerator, is a type of heat exchanger where heat
from the hot fluid is intermittently stored in a thermal storage medium before it is transferred to the
cold fluid.

Economizer. are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform useful
function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used for other purposes as well.