Oscillation PDF

Chapter 14
Oscillations
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Choose the correct statement regarding SHM

(1) Acceleration is ahead of displacement by phase angle of
2
(2) Acceleration is ahead of displacement by phase angle of 

(3) Acceleration is behind displacement by phase angle of
3

(4) Acceleration is behind displacement by phase angle of
2
Sol. Answer (2)

(1) Acceleration is ahead of velocity by a phase angle of 

(2) Acceleration is ahead of velocity by a phase angle of
2

(3) Acceleration is behind velocity by a phase angle of
2
(4) Acceleration is behind velocity by a phase angle of 
Sol. Answer (2)

(1) The velocity is ahead of displacement by a phase angle of 

(2) The velocity is ahead of displacement by a phase angle of
2

(3) The velocity is behind displacement by a phase angle of
2
(4) The velocity is behind displacement by a phase angle of 
Sol. Answer (2)
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106 Oscillations Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
4. Choose the correct statement(s) regarding SHM

(1) All the three quantities displacement, velocity and acceleration show harmonic variation with time, having
same periods
(2) The velocity amplitude is  times the displacement amplitude
(3) The acceleration amplitude is 2 times the displacement amplitude
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
5. A particle moves under force F = –5(x – 2)3. Motion of the particle is
(1) Translatory (2) Oscillatory (3) SHM (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (2)
Putting F = 0
0 = –5(x – 2)3
Gives x = 2.
This is equilibrium position.
For x > 2, F is –ve
For x < 2, F is +ve
 It is oscillatory motion
To check if it is SHM, put x – 2 = X
F = –5X3
So, it is not SHM as in SHM,
F   X.
6. For a particle showing motion under the force F = –5(x – 2)2, the motion is
(1) Translatory (2) Oscillatory (3) SHM (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
For x < 2, F is again –ve
This is translatory motion
Putting x – 2 = X
F = –5X2
This is not SHM.
7. For a particle showing motion under the force F = –5(x – 2), the motion is
(1) Translatory (2) Oscillatory (3) SHM (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
For x < 2, F is +ve
Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Oscillations 107
This is oscillatory motion about the equilibrium position x = 2
(Putting F = 0 in F = –5(x – 2) gives x = 2 as equilibrium position)
To check for SHM
Put x – 2 = X
F = –5X
This is SHM (as F  – X)
So particle shows oscillatory motion about mean position x = 2 and also shows S.H.M.
8. A particle shows uniform circular motion. Its motion is

(1) Vibratory (2) Periodic and SHM (3) Periodic and vibratory (4) Periodic but not SHM
Sol. Answer (4)
9. Variation of velocity v versus time t is

(Given x = Asint)
v v
(1) T/2 T (2) T
O O T/2
t t
v v
(3) O (4)
T/2
T O T/2 T
t t
Sol. Answer (3)
10. Amplitude of a particle executing SHM is a and its time period is T. Its maximum speed is
2a a 2a
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4) 4aT
T T T
Sol. Answer (3)

a.2
Maximum speed = a 
T
⎡ ⎤
11. A particle oscillates with SHM according to the equation x  (2.5 m) cos ⎢(2t )  . Its speed at t = 1.5 s
⎣ 4 ⎥⎦
is
(1) 11.1 ms–1 (2) 22.2 ms–1 (3) 33.3 ms–1 (4) 44.4 ms–1
Sol. Answer (1)
dx ⎛ ⎞
v  2.5  2 sin ⎜ 2t  ⎟
dt ⎝ 4⎠
22 ⎛ ⎞
= 5   sin ⎜ 2  1.5  ⎟
7 ⎝ 4⎠
22 
= 5  sin
7 4
22
= 5  0.707  11.1 ms1
7
12. The periodic time of a particle executing S.H.M. is 12 second. After how much interval from t = 0, will its
displacement be half of its amplitude?
(1) 1 s (2) 2 s (3) 6 s (4) 3 s
Sol. Answer (1)
A
T = 12 s, y 
2
2
y  A sin t  A sin t
T
A 2 t
 A sin t  A sin
2 12 6
t 1  t 
sin   sin  t 1s
6 2 6 6 6
13. A simple harmonic motion has amplitude A and time period T. The maximum velocity will be
2A A 2A
(1) 4AT (2) (3) 2 (4)
T T T
Sol. Answer (4)
2A
Maximum velocity  A 
T
14. A particle moves in a circular path with constant speed. Its motion is
(1) Periodic (2) Oscillatory (3) Simple harmonic (4) Angular simple harmonic
Sol. Answer (1)
Circular motion satisfies condition of periodic motion
15. If a particle is executing S.H.M. then the graph between its acceleration and velocity is, in general
(1) An ellipse (2) A circle (3) A parabola (4) A hyperbola
Sol. Answer (1)
v2 = 2 (a2 – y2)
v2 y2
 2 2
 1
a  a2
which represents an ellipse
16. A particle moves along x-axis according to relation x = 1 + 2 sint. The amplitude of S.H.M. is
(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 5 (4) 3

Sol. Answer (1)
x = 1 + 2sint  x – 1 = 2sint
 amplitude = 2 and mean position is x0 = 1
17. SHM given by x = 6sint + 8cost. Its amplitude is

(1) 6 units (2) 8 units (3) 10 units (4) 14 units
Sol. Answer (3)
62  82  10
18. Variation of acceleration a of a particle executing SHM with displacement x is
a a
a a
(1) (2) (3) (4)
O x
O O O x
x x
Sol. Answer (3)
a  2 x
19. Displacement of a particle executing SHM is x = 10(cost + sint). Its maximum speed is
(1) 5 m/s (2) 10 m/s (3) 10 2 m/s (4) 5 2 m/s
Sol. Answer (3)

⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛  ⎞⎞
x  10 2 ⎜ cos t   sin t  ⎟ = 10 2 ⎜ cos ⎜ t  ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎠
Compare it with x = A cos(t  0 )
a  10 2,   
 Maximum velocity = a = 10 2 m/s
⎛ ⎞
20. A particle oscillates with S.H.M. according to the equation x  10 cos ⎜ 2t  ⎟ . Its acceleration at
⎝ 4⎠
t = 1.5 s is
(1) 69.78 ms–2 (2) 139.56 ms–2 (3) 278.87 ms–2 (4) 0
Sol. Answer (3)
dx dv ⎛ ⎞
v a  10  42 cos ⎜ 2t  ⎟
dt dt ⎝ 4 ⎠
2
⎛ 22 ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
= 10  4  ⎜ ⎟ cos ⎜ 2  1.5  ⎟
7
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
2
⎛ 22 ⎞
= 10  4  ⎜ ⎟  0.707
⎝ 7 ⎠
= 279.12 ms–2
21. Time period of a particle executing SHM is 16 s. At time t = 2 s, it crosses the mean position. Its amplitude
32 2
of motion is m . Its velocity at t = 4 s is

(1) 1 ms–1 (2) 2 ms–1 (3) 4 ms–1 (4) 8 ms–1
Sol. Answer (3)
2t
For SHM, x  A sin t = A sin
T
v   A2  x 2
when t = 4 s, time taken by particle to travel from the mean position to given position
=4–2=2s
2t 2  2 A
x  A sin  A sin 
T 16 2
A2 .A 2 32 2 1
So, v   A2  x 2   A2     
2 2 16  2
22. The time period of a particle executing S.H.M. is 12 s. The shortest distance travelled by it from mean position
in 2 second is (amplitude is a)
a a 3a
(1) (2) (3) (4) a
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
2t 2  2 a 3
y  a sin t  a sin = a sin =
T 12 2
= 4 ms–1
23. A body of mass 8 kg performs S.H.M. of amplitude 60 cm. The restoring force is 120 N, when the displacement
is 60 cm. The time period is
(1) 0.628 s (2) 1.256 s (3) 1.884 s (4) 2.512 s
Sol. Answer (2)
F 120
K   200 Nm1
x 0.60
k 200
   5rads1
m 8
2 2  22
T    1.256 s
 75
24. Maximum K.E. of a mass of 1 kg executing SHM is 18 J. Amplitude of motion is 6 cm. Its angular frequency
is
(1) 25 rad s–1 (2) 50 rad s–1 (3) 75 rad s–1 (4) 100 rad s–1
Sol. Answer (4)
1 1
= m( A)  18
2 2
KE = mv max
2 2
2
1 ⎛ 6 ⎞
 1 ⎜   ⎟  18
2 ⎝ 100 ⎠
2
⎛ 6 ⎞
⎜ 100  ⎟  18  2
⎝ ⎠
6
6
100
 = 100 rad s–1
25. The acceleration of a body in SHM is

(1) Maximum at the extreme position (2) Maximum at the equilibrium position
(3) Always same (4) Always zero
Sol. Answer (1)
A =  A (at the extreme position)
2
26. In SHM, the plot of acceleration y and displacement x for one complete oscillation will be
(1) Ellipse (2) Sinusoidal curve (3) Circle (4) Straight line
Sol. Answer (4)
y = 2 A or y  x
So, the graph is a straight line with negative slop.
27. Two particles executing SHM of same frequency, meet at x = +A/2, while moving in opposite direction. Phase
difference between the particles is
  5 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 3 6 3
Sol. Answer (4)
Taking equation of S.H.M. to be y  A sin t

The phasor diagram for the two S.H. M will be
A
A
2 
 A
 
6 6 x
–A
⎛ ⎞  2
The phase difference     ⎜  ⎟    
⎝6 6⎠ 3 3
28. If a graph is plotted between velocity (v) and displacement (y) of a particle executing SHM from mean position,
then the nature of the graph is
(1) Straight line (2) Parabola (3) Ellipse (4) Hyperbola
Sol. Answer (3)
Taking the displacement to be y  A sin(t  ) … (i)
Velocity is given by v  A cos  t    … (ii)
(i) and (ii)
y2 v2
⇒  1
A2 A2 2
which is the equation of an ellipse.
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
29. Two S.H.Ms. are given by y 1  a sin⎜ t  ⎟ and y 2  b sin⎜ t  ⎟ . The phase difference between these
⎝2 2⎠ ⎝ 3 2⎠
after 1 second is
  
(1)  (2) (3) (4)
2 4 6
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ 2  ⎞
Phase difference at any time t = ⎜  ⎟t
⎝ 3 2⎠
⎛ 2  ⎞ 
Phase difference after 1 second = ⎜  ⎟
⎝ 3 2⎠ 6
30. A particle moves according to the equation x = a cos t. The distance covered by it in 2.5 s is
(1) 3a (2) 5a (3) 2a (4) 9a
Sol. Answer (2)
Comparing the given equation with x  a cos t , we get   
2 2
Time period T   =2s
 
In the first two second, distance covered = 4a

In the last 0.5 second, distance covered = a
Total distance covered = 5 a
31. Two simple harmonic motions are given by
y1 = 5 sin(t + /3), y2 = 5(sin t + 3 cos t)
Ratio of their amplitudes is

(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 1 : 5 (4) 1 : 8
Sol. Answer (1)
⎛ ⎞
y1  5 sin ⎜ t  ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
⎛1 3 ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

y 2  5 sin t  3 cos t  = 10 ⎜⎜ sin t 
⎝ 2 2
cos t ⎟ = 10 sin ⎜ t  ⎟
⎟
⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
Ratio of amplitudes = 5 : 10 = 1 : 2
32. A block of mass m kg hanging from a vertical spring executes simple harmonic motion of amplitude 4 cm. If
maximum speed of particle is 8 m/s. Maximum acceleration of block is
(1) 800 m/s2 (2) 100 m/s2 (3) 1600 m/s2 (4) 400 m/s2
Sol. Answer (3)
Let the angular frequency of S.H.M. be 
The maximum speed = A
A = 8 m/s
⇒ (4  10 2 m) = 8 m/s
⇒  = 200
Maximum acceleration = 2 A = (200)2 × (4 × 10–2) = 1600 m/s2.
33. The average acceleration over one period of oscillation for a simple harmonic motion is
A 2
(1) Zero (2) 2 A2 (3) (4) A2
2
Sol. Answer (1)
During one period change in velocity becomes zero.
 Average acceleration is zero.
34. What is the displacement equation of S.H.M. with an amplitude 2 m, if 120 oscillations are performed during
one minute and initial phase is 60° [Consider displacement time equation of the form y = Asin(t + )]?
⎛ ⎞  
(1) 2 sin ⎜ 4t  ⎟ (2) 2 sin(4t) (3) 2 sin ⎛⎜ 2t  ⎞⎟ (4) 2 sin ⎛⎜ t  ⎞⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
Sol. Answer (1)
60 1
a = 2m T  
120 2
2 
  4 , 
T 3
As y  a sin(t  )
⎛ ⎞
 y  2sin ⎜ 4t  ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
35. Mass suspended to a spring is pulled down by 2.5 cm and let go. The mass oscillates with an amplitude of
(1) 2.5 cm (2) 5 cm (3) 7.5 cm (4) 10 cm
Sol. Answer (1)
36. Time period of a spring pendulum when lift moves downward with constant velocity v is T second. When the
g
lift moves upward with constant acceleration = , the time period will be
3
k (spring constant)
Mass, m
3T 2T
(1) (2) (3) 2T (4) T
2 3
Sol. Answer (4)
m
T  2
k
37. A hollow spherical ball is filled up with sand. Sand comes out through a hole at the bottom. Time period of
oscillation
(1) First decreases, then increases (2) First increases, then decreases
(3) Increases (4) Remains same
Sol. Answer (2)
As sand comes out, C.G. of the ball shifts down, so effective length increases. T  so T increases. When
all the sand has come out C.G. shifts back to centre of the ball, i.e., C.G. shifts up or effective length
decreases and as T  , T decreases, so, T first increases, then decreases.
38. A spring pendulum is taken from pole to equator. Its time period
(1) First increases, then decreases (2) Increases
(3) Decreases (4) Remains same
Sol. Answer (4)
m
T  2
k
39. Time period of a simple pendulum of length 95 cm and amplitude 1 cm is 4 s. If amplitude is made
2 cm, then time period is
(1) 4 2 s (2) 8 s (3) 2 s (4) 4 s

Sol. Answer (4)
Time period is not dependent on amplitude.
40. A boy is swinging in a swing. If he stands, the time period will

(1) First decrease, then increase (2) Decrease
(3) Increase (4) Remain same
Sol. Answer (2)
C.G. shifts up, effective length decreases. T  .

So, T decreases.
41. Time period of a simple pendulum in a freely falling lift will be
(1) Finite (2) Infinite (3) Zero (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
1
g effective  0 T 
g
42. Effective length of a seconds pendulum is about

(1) 0.5 m (2) 1 m (3) 1.5 m (4) 2 m
Sol. Answer (2)
L
T  2 calculate L for T = 2 s and g = 9.8 m/s2.
g
43. If effective length of a simple pendulum is equal to radius of earth (R), time period will be
R 2R R R
(1) T   (2) T  2 (3) T  2 (4) T  2
g g g 2g
Sol. Answer (4)

If >> R, effective length  can be given by
1 1 R R
    
 R R R
1

R
T  2
⎛ R⎞
⎜1  ⎟ g
⎝ ⎠
Put = R
R
T  2
2g
44. If a spring has time period 8 s and it is cut into four equal parts, if one part connected with same mass then,
time period of each part is
(1) 1 s (2) 2 s (3) 3 s (4) 4 s
Sol. Answer (4)
k  = 4k (spring is cut in 4 equal parts)
1 m T 8
Time period of each part, T   2 m  2 m =  2  =  4s
k 4k 2 k 2 2
45. Different lengths of pendulum are taken from Earth’s surface to h = R. Time period remains same for
(1) Conical pendulum (2) Simple pendulum (3) Physical pendulum (4) Spring pendulum
Sol. Answer (4)
46. Choose the incorrect statement

(1) Phase constant of SHM depends upon initial conditions (2) Total energy (amplitude)2
(3) All motions having same time period are SHM (4) All SHM’s have fixed time period
Sol. Answer (3)
47. A body executing S.H.M. along a straight line has a velocity of 3 ms–1 when it is at a distance of 4 m
from its mean position and 4 ms–1 when it is at a distance of 3 m from its mean position. Its angular frequency
and amplitude are
(1) 2 rad s–1 & 5 m (2) 1 rad s–1 & 10 m (3) 2 rad s–1 & 10 m (4) 1 rad s–1 & 5 m
Sol. Answer (4)
v   A2  x 2
3   A2  4 2 ... (1)
4   A2  3 2 ... (2)
Divide equation (1) by equation (2)
3 A2  16

4 A2  9
9 A2  16
 2
16 A 9
9A2 – 81 = 16A2 – 256
7A2 = 175
A=5m
Put this value in (1)
3   25  16
 = 1 rad s–1
48. A spring of force constant 600 Nm–1 is mounted on a horizontal table. A mass of 1.5 kg is attached to the
free end of the spring, pulled sideways to a distance of 2 cm and released. The speed of the mass when the
spring is compressed by 1 cm is
(1) 0.175 ms–1 (2) 0.35 ms–1 (3) 0.7 ms–1 (4) 1.4 ms–1
Sol. Answer (2)
dx
Velocity, v   A cos t (Taking x  A sin t )
dt
= A 1  sin2 t
1
⎛ x2 ⎞2
= A ⎜ 1  2 ⎟   A  x
2 2
⎝ A ⎠
k
= A2  x 2
m
600
= 0.022  0.012
1.5
= 0.35 ms–1
49. A mass of 1.5 kg is connected to two identical springs each of force constant 300 Nm–1 as shown in the figure.
If the mass is displaced from its equilibrium position by 10 cm, then the period of oscillation is
1.5 kg
300 Nm–1 300 Nm
–1
(1) 0.157 s (2) 0.314 s (3) 0.471 s (4) 0.628 s

Sol. Answer (2)
When the mass is displaced a little to one side, one spring gets compressed, and another is elongated. Due
to which the combination acts as parallel combination of springs. Effective spring constant
k = k1 + k2 = 300 + 300 = 600 Nm–1.
m 1.5
T  2  2  3.14   0.314 s
k 600 .
50. A mass of 1.5 kg is connected to two identical springs each of force constant 300 Nm–1 as shown in the figure.
If the mass is displaced from its equilibrium position by 10 cm, then maximum speed of the trolley is
1.5 kg
300 Nm–1 300 Nm
–1
(1) 0.5 ms–1 (2) 1 ms–1 (3) 1.5 ms–1 (4) 2 ms–1
Sol. Answer (4)
k = k1 + k2 = 300 + 300 = 600 Nm–1
(This is parallel combination)
k 600
Vmax = A = A  0.1  2 ms1
m 1.5
51. A spring of spring constant k is cut in three equal pieces. The spring constant of each part will be
k k
(1) (2) 3k (3) k (4)
3 6
Sol. Answer (2)
Consider the spring be made of combination of three springs in series each of spring constant K2. The
1 1 1 1 3
effective constant K is given by     or k = 3k.
K k k k k
52. The frequency of oscillation of a mass m suspended by a spring is 1. If length of spring is cut to one third
then the same mass oscillates with frequency 2, then
(1) 2 = 31 (2) 32 = 1 (3)  2  3 1 (4) 3  2  1
Sol. Answer (3)

Let the full spring be combination of 3 springs in series, each of force constant K
Case-I, effective spring constant
1 K
Frequency of oscillation, 1  ...(1)
2 m
Case-II Spring is cut to one third, effective spring constant, K 2  3K
1 K2 1 3K
Frequency of oscillation,  2   ...(2)
2 m 2  m
1 K
2  3 
2 m
2  3 1
53. Figure-1 to figure-4 shows four different spring arrangements. Mass m in each arrangement is displaced from
its equilibrium position and released. Neglect mass of the springs. Choose the correct statement(s)
k1 m m
k1 k2
k2
Figure 1 Figure 3
k1 k1 k2
k2
m m
Figure 2 Figure 4
(1) Figure-1 and figure-4 show springs connected in parallel, effective spring constant = k1 + k2
k1k2
(2) Figure-2 and figure-3 show spring connected in series, effective spring constant =
k1  k2
1 k1  k 2
(3) For Figure-1 and figure-4 frequency of oscillation = and for figure-2 and figure-3, frequency of
2 m
1 k1k 2
oscillation = 2 m(k  k )
1 2
(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)
Figure-1 & 4 show springs connected in parallel and effective spring constant = K = k1 + k2 and frequency
1 k1  k2
of oscillation =
2 m
k1k2
Figure-2 & 3 show springs connected in series and effective spring constant = K  k  k with frequency
1 2
1 k1k2
of oscillation = 2 m(k  k )
1 2
54. Two identical springs have the same force constant 73.5 Nm–1. The elongation produced in each spring in three
cases shown in Figure-1, Figure-2 and Figure-3 are (g = 9.8 ms–2)
5 kg 5 kg 5 kg
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
(1) m, m, m (2) m, m, m (3) m, m, m (4) m, m, m
6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3
Sol. Answer (4)
k = 73.5 Nm–1
In figure 1, effective spring constant K = k + k = 2k = 147 Nm–1
mg 5  9.8 1
Elongation in the spring, y1    m
k 147 3
k  k k 73.5
In figure 2, the effective spring constant K    Nm1
k k 2 2
mg 5  9.8  2 4
Total elongation in the spring, y 2    m
K 73.5 3
2
Total elongation in each spring = m
3
In figure 3, effective spring constant, K = 73.5 Nm–1
mg 5  9.8 2
 Elongation in the spring, y 3    m
K 73.5 3
55. In the arrangement shown in figure a solid sphere is attached to spring and displaced, then start S.H.M without
slipping, the time period of sphere is
k m
m 5m 2m 7m
(1) T = 2 (2) T  2 (3) T  2 (4) T  2
k 7k k 5k
Sol. Answer (4)
56. In previous problem (i.e., Q.55), if lift is moving downward with constant acceleration 'a', then its time period
m 5m 7m 2m
(1) T = 2 (2) T  2 (3) T  2 (4) T  2
k 7k 5k k
Sol. Answer (3)
57. Two simple pendulum of lengths 1.44 m and 1 m start swinging together. After how many vibrations, will they
again start swinging together
(1) 5 oscillations of smaller amplitude pendulum (2) 6 oscillations of smaller pendulum
(3) 4 oscillations of bigger pendulum (4) 6 oscillations of bigger pendulum
Sol. Answer (2)
58. If a bob of mass m is attached as shown in figure. When displaced, the pendulum will undergo S.H.M. with
a period T is equal to
m
k
L m 1 L 2
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) 2 
g k g k g m
 k
L m
Sol. Answer (3)
Let the extension in the spring be y
Then energy of system at any angular displacement  from equilibrium position
L T
L
ky
x m k
mg
2
1 1 1 ⎛ d ⎞ 1 2 2
E= mv 2  ky 2  mgL(1  cos ) = mL2 ⎜
2 ⎟  kL   mgL(1  cos )
2 2 ⎝ dt ⎠ 2
Now, E = constant, since the system is conservative
dE
⇒ 0
dt
d  ⎛ 2 d 2 ⎞
⇒ dt ⎜ mL dt 2  kL   mgL sin  ⎟  0
2
⎝ ⎠
d 2
⇒ mL
2
 (kL  mg )L  0 ∵  is small, sin  
dt 2
d 2 (kL  mg )
⇒    2 
dt 2 mL
Hence, T  2  2 mL

2
 kL  mg g k

L m
59. A small block of mass 2 kg is placed on a bigger block of mass 4 kg which is attached to horizontal spring
of spring constant K = 500 N/m as shown in figure, coefficient of friction between blocks is 0.2. Maximum
amplitude of system so that there is no relative slipping between blocks
2 kg
4 kg
(1) 4.8 cm (2) 9.6 cm (3) 2.4 cm (4) 1.2 cm

Sol. Answer (3)
At the maximum amplitude, the acceleration of the two blocks will be equal if there is no slipping.
KA  2g  4a … (i)
2g  2a … (ii)
2 kg
2 g
2 g
KA 4 kg
(i) and (ii)
⇒ KA  2g  4g
6 g 6  0.2  10
⇒ A  m
K 500
⇒ A = 2.4 cm
60. A block of mass 1 kg is placed inside a car of mass 5 kg, as shown. The block can slide smoothly along
horizontal direction. If block is displaced slightly and released, then time period of oscillation is
5 kg
1 kg
k k
Smooth
5 5 12 2
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 2 (4) 2
2k 12 k 5k 5k
Sol. Answer (2)

Problem can be solved by using concept of reduced mass. Because all the forces are internal, here reduced
mass of system is
m1m2 1 5 5
m  
m1  m2 1  6 6 kg. Also keq = 2k (as springs are in parallel)
m 5 5
 T  2  2  2
k 6  2k 12k
61. If a ball is dropped from height 2 metre on a smooth elastic floor, then the time period of oscillation is
2 2 4 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
g g g g
Sol. Answer (4)

Time period of oscillation
2h 2 2 4
 2t  2  2 
g g g
62. A car is moving on a horizontal road with constant acceleration 'a'. A bob of mass 'm' is suspended from the
ceiling of car. The mean position about which the bob will oscillate is given by ('' is angle with vertical)
g a 2a a
(1) tan   (2) tan   (3) tan   (4) tan  
a g g 2g
Sol. Answer (2)

F.B.D. of bob in frame of car is as shown 
ma
ma a 
 tan    mg
mg g
a
   tan1
g
63. One end of a long metallic wire of length l0 is tied to the ceiling. The other end is tied to a massless spring
of spring constant k. A mass m hangs freely from the free end of the spring. The area of cross-section and
Young's modulus of the wire are A and Y respectively. The time period with which mass m will oscillate, if it
is slightly pulled down and released, is
ml 0 m k m AY  kl0 
(1) T = 2 (2) T = 2 (3) T = 2 (4) T = 2
YA k m YAK
Sol. Answer (4) wire
Fl 0
Here, y  l0
ABl
YA k
  F = L
10
F = k  L m
Now the wire and spring in series,
YA
k
k1  k 2 k  k L0 kYA
 keff = =  
k1  k 2 k  k YA kl 0  YA
k
L0
T  2
m m  kl 0  YA 
2
keff  kYA
64. If a particle executes S.H.M. with time period 4 s when magnitude of restoring force constant is
5 N/m and with time period 2 s when magnitude restoring force constant is 20 N/m, then time period under
the combined action of two forces will be
2 4
(1) 4 5 s (2) 2 5 s (3) s (4) s
5 5
Sol. Answer (4)
m
T  2
k
1 c c
T2  ⇒ k1  and k 2 
k T12 T22
Under combined action,
c 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 s
k1  k 2   2
      T 
T 2 T T12 T22 16 4 16 5
65. A pendulum has period T for small oscillations. An obstacle is placed directly beneath the pivot, so that only
the lowest one quarter of the string can follow the pendulum bob when it swings in the left of its resting position
as shown in the figure. The pendulum is released from rest at a certain point A. The time taken by it to return
to that point is
3L
4
L
B A
T 3T T
(1) T (2) (3) (4)
2 4 4
Sol. Answer (3)
T 3L
Time period from AB and BA =
2 4
T
Time period from BC and CB =
4
T T 3T A
 Total time period =  = C
2 4 4 B
66. A simple pendulum of mass 'm', swings with maximum angular displacement of 60°. When its angular
displacement is 30°, the tension in the string is
(1) Less than mg cos 30° (2) Equal to mg cos 30°
(3) Greater than mg cos 30° (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (3)
For radial direction, by F = ma,

mv 2
T  mg cos   T
r
mv 2 v
 T  mg cos   mg
m
r
(For any  < 60°)
A B
67. If P.E. of a system is given by relation U  – , where A and B are positive constant, then the mean
2 x
x
position of oscillation is
A B B 2A
(1) x  (2) x (3) x  (4) x
B A 2A B
Sol. Answer (4)
A B
P.E. =  U
x2 x
for mean position U should be minimum
dU
 0
dx
2A B
  3
 0
x x2
 2Ax2 = Bx3
2A
 x = 0 or x 
B
t
68. If displacement time equation of an S.H.M. is x  sin , then the moments of times at which peak value of
6
acceleration is attained are
(1) 2, 4, 6 ..... s (2) 1, 3, 5 ..... s (3) 3, 9, 15 ..... s (4) 1, 2, 3 ..... s
Sol. Answer (3)
t t 2
x  sin  a = –2x = –2 sin T   6 = 12 s
6 6 
 a is max at t = 3 s, 9 s, 15 s etc.
A
69. In a S.H.M. with amplitude 'A', what is the ratio of K.E. and P.E. at distance from the mean position?
2
(1) 1 : 4 (2) 3 : 4 (3) 3 : 1 (4) 1 : 3
Sol. Answer (3)
1
K.E.  m2 (a 2  y 2 )
2
1
P.E.  m2 y 2
2
3a 2
2 2
K.E. a  y
  42  3 : 1
P.E. y2 a
4
70. A particle of mass 4 kg moves along x axis, potential energy (U) varies with respect to x as U = 20 +
(x – 4)2, maximum speed of particle is at
(1) x = 4 (2) x = 2 (3) x = 0 (4) x = 2.5
Sol. Answer (1)
du
Force F =  = –2(x – 4)
dx
which is the equation of S.H.M. about the mean position x = 4
Since at mean position, the speed is maximum
Hence the speed is maximum at x = 4.
71. The total energy of a simple pendulum is x. When the displacement is half of amplitude, its KE will be
x x 3x
(1) (2) (3) (4) x
2 4 4
Sol. Answer (3)
1 1 2⎛ 2 A2 ⎞ ⎛ A⎞ 3⎛1 2 2⎞ 3
KE  m2 ( A2  x 2 ) = m ⎜ A  ⎟ ⎜ x  ⎟ = ⎜ m A ⎟ = x
2 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ 4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
72. A body of mass 8 kg performs SHM of amplitude 60 cm. The restoring force is 120 N when the displacement
is 60 cm. Its acceleration, PE and KE when displacement is 6 cm are
(1) 3 ms–2, 0.36 J, 0 (2) 1.5 ms–2, 0.18 J, 0
(3) 1.5 ms–2, 0.36 J, 0.18 J (4) 1.5 ms–2, 0.36 J, 35.64 J
Sol. Answer (4)
A = 2 x = (5)2 × 0.06 = 1.5 ms–2
1 2 1
PE  kx   200  (0.06)2  0.36 J
2 2
1 1
KE  k ( A2  x 2 )   200  (0.62  0.62 )  0
2 2
T
73. A particle is executing SHM with time period T. If time period of its total mechanical energy is T then is
T
1
(1) 2 (2) (3) Zero (4) Infinite
2
Sol. Answer (3)
Total mechanical energy is constant.
74. A particle executes SHM with frequency 4 Hz. Frequency with which its PE oscillates is
(1) 4 Hz (2) 2 Hz (3) 6 Hz (4) 8 Hz
Sol. Answer (4)
75. A spring of force constant 600 Nm–1 is mounted on a horizontal table. A mass of 1.5 kg is attached to the
free end of the spring, pulled sideways to a distance of 2 cm and released. P.E. of the system when it
momentarily comes to rest and total energy are
(1) 0.12 J, 0 (2) 0, 0.12 J (3) 0, 0 (4) 0.12 J, 0.12 J
Sol. Answer (4)
1 1 1
Maximum P.E., Umax = m2 xmax
2
=  kA2 =  600  (0.02)2 = 0.12 J
2 2 2
At the extreme position, y = A, KE = 0
Total energy = PE + KE = 0.12 + 0 = 0.12 J

76. A particle is oscillating under a force F  kx  bv where a and b are constants. It shows
(1) Linear oscillation (2) Forced oscillation (3) Damped oscillation (4) SHM
Sol. Answer (3)
F0
77. Amplitude of vibration is A  . Resonance will occur when
pq r
(1) p = 0, q = r (2) p = q = r (3) p = –r, q = 0 (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
p–q+r=0
When p = 0, q = r or p = –r, q = 0.
78. KE and PE of a particle executing SHM with amplitude A will be equal when displacement is
A A
(1) A 2 (2) (3) (4) A
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
1 1
k ( A2  y 2 )  ky 2
2 2
1 2
kA  ky 2
2
A
y
2
79. Student I, II and III perform an experiment for measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple
pendulum. They use different lengths of the pendulum and / or record time for different number of oscillations.
The observations are shown in the table. [IIT-JEE 2008]
Least count for length = 0.1 cm
Least count for time = 0.1 s
Length Number Total

time for Time
of the of
Student (n) period
Pendulum oscilla-
oscilla- (s)
(cm) tions (n)
tions(s)
I 64.0 8 128.0 16.0
II 64.0 4 64.0 16.0
III 20.0 4 36.0 9.0
⎛ g ⎞
If EI, EII and EIII are percentage errors in g, i.e., ⎜⎜  100 ⎟⎟ for students I, II and III respectively,
⎝ g ⎠
(1) EI  0 (2) EI is minimum (3) EI = EII (4) EII is minimum
Sol. Answer (2)
g T l
= 2 
g T l
For student 1, T = 128.0, T = 0.1 s. This has the least error.
80. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S1 and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively
(see figure I). The other ends are attached to identical supports M1 and M2 not attached to the walls. The
springs and supports have negligible mass. There is no friction anywhere. The block B is displaced towards
wall 1 by a small distance x (figure II) and released. The block returns and moves a maximum distance y
towards wall 2. Displacements x and y are measured with respect to the equilibrium position of the block B.
y
The ratio is [IIT-JEE 2008]
x
2 1
M2 S2 S1 M1
B I
2 x 1
M2 S2 S1 M1 II
B
x
1 1
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) (4)
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
Using conservation of energy,
1 1
 kx 2   4ky 2
2 2
 2y = x
81. The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is shown below. The acceleration of the particle
at t = 4/3 s is [IIT-JEE 2009]
x(cm)
0
4 8 12 t (s)
–1
3 2 – 2 2 3 2
(1)  cm/s 2 (2) cm/s2 (3) cm/s2 (4) –  cm/s2
32 32 32 32
Sol. Answer (4)
a = –2Asint
2 2 4
 a  1 sin 
16 8 3
3 2
 a  cm/s2
32
82. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the centre. Its two ends are attached to two springs of
equal spring constants k. The springs are fixed to rigid supports as shown in the figure, and the rod is free
to oscillate in the horizontal plane. The rod is gently pushed through a small angle  in one direction and
released. The frequency of oscillation is [IIT-JEE 2009]
1 2k 1 k 1 6k 1 24k
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 M 2 M 2 M 2 M
Sol. Answer (3)
Restoring torque
⎛ l ⎞ l kl 2 
 = ⎜k ⎟  2 = – kx
⎝ 2 ⎠2 2 kl
2 
2
– kl 
 2 6k 
 = = 2 = – = – 2 
I ml m
12 kx = kl
2
6k
 = = 2f
m
83. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. The amplitude of the
point P is [IIT-JEE 2009]
k1 k2
P M
k1A k2 A k1A k2 A
(1) k2 (2) k1 (3) k  k (4) k1  k2
1 2
Sol. Answer (4)

Internal forces in the springs are same
 k1 x1 = k2 x2
Also x1 + x2 = A
k2 A
 x1 = k  k
1 2
84. A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous sinusoidal displacements in x-direction, x1(t) = A sin t and
⎛ 2 ⎞
x2 (t )  A sin ⎜ t  . Adding a third sinusoidal displacement x3(t) = B sin(t + ) brings the mass to a
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
complete rest. The values of B and  are [IIT-JEE 2011]
3 4 5 
(1) 2 A, (2) A, (3) 3 A, (4) A,
4 3 6 3
Sol. Answer (2)
See the phasor
A
A
/3
/3
A
2
+
/3 t
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following equations represent S.H.M.?

(1) y = 2 sin(t + 30°) (2) y = 2 cos(t – 30°)
(3) y = 2 sint + 3 cost (4) y = 2 sint . cost
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
All represent S.H.M. , as all equations can be expressed in the form y = Asin(t + ).
2. If a = –2x represents the acceleration of a particle executing S.H.M. which of the following statement(s) is/
are correct?
(1) 'a' is maximum at the extreme position (2) Time period is T  2 
(3) At x = 0, the potential energy is maximum (4) At x = 0, the K.E. is maximum

Sol. Answer (1, 4)
(1) From |a| = 2x, a is maximum when x is maximum, i.e. at extreme positions
2
(2) T 

(3) and (4). At x = 0, K.E. is maximum and P.E. is minimum.
3. If a particle is moving as r  ( i  2 j ) cos 0 t then, motion of the particle is
(1) Elliptical (2) Along a straight line (3) Periodic (4) Simple harmonic
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)

r  cos 0 t iˆ  2cos 0 t ˆj
x = cost, y = 2cost  y = 2x  straight path

The motion is S.H.M. and hence also periodic.
4. A particle is executing S.H.M. If u1 and u2 are the velocities of the particle at distances x1 and x2 from the
mean position respectively, then
x1  x 2 ( x 22 – x12 ) u 22 – u12 u1x 2

(1) T  2 (2) T  2 (3)   (4) 2
u1  u 2 (u12 – u 22 ) x12 – x 22 u 2 x1
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
u12  2 (a2  x12 )
u22  2 (a2  x22 )
u12  u22  2 ( x22  x12 )
u12  u22 2
 
x22  x12 T
5. If a body starts executing S.H.M. from mean position with amplitude 'A', maximum velocity v0 and time period
'T', then the correct statements are (x is displacement from mean position)
v0 A A v
(1) If v  , then | x |  (2) If x  , then v  0
2 2 2 2
T A A T
(3) For t  , x (4) For x  , t
8 2 2 8
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
v2 = 2(A2 – x2)
v0
(1) If v 
2
v 02
 v 02  2 x 2
4
3
 x A
2
A
(2) If x 
2
⎛ A2 ⎞ 3 2 2 3 2 3
v 2  2 ⎜ A2  ⎟⎟   A  v 0 ⇒ v  v0
⎜ 4 4 4 2
⎝ ⎠
(3) x = A sint
T
At t 
8
xT  A
x  A sin  A sin 
8 4 2
A 1 T
(4) At x  , sin t  ⇒ t 
2 2 12
6. For which of the following systems time period will change if taken to another planet from the earth?
(1) Spring-block system (2) Torsional pendulum (3) Simple pendulum (4) Physical pendulum
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
l l
Time period of simple pendulum T  2 and physical pendulum T  2 depend on g which
g mgd
changes on other planet.
7. If the inertial mass mi of the bob of a simple pendulum of length '' is not equal to the gravitational mass mg,
then its time period is
mi mg . (mi  mg )
(1) T  2 (2) T  2 (3) T  2 (4) T  2 .
mg . g mi . g g (mi – mg ) g
Sol. Answer (1)

When displaced by small , from mean position, restoring torque
  mg gl 
 mg.gl 
  I  = –2
mi l 2
mg .g 2
  
mi l T
8. If the P.E. of a system of two atoms (diatomic molecule) is given by U(x) = –2 + 3(x – x0)2, where x0 is
equilibrium separation, then
(1) The restoring force is –6(x – x0)
6( x – x 0 )
(2) Acceleration of the one atom with respect to other is – [  reduced mass of system]

3
(3) The restoring force is – ( x – x0 )
2
3
(4) The acceleration of atom is – ( x – x0 )
2
Sol. Answer (1, 2)

Ux = –2 + 3(x – x0)2
dU x
 F   6( x  x0 )
dx
 Relative acceleration of atom
6( x  x0 )


9. A ball is dropped from height 'h' as shown. The collision is perfectly inelastic. Select the correct alternative(s)
k
h
(At rest) M
(1) The speed of the combined blocks just after collision is 2gh
⎛ m ⎞
(2) The speed of the combined blocks just after collision is ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 2gh
⎝ M m ⎠
mg
(3) The amplitude of oscillations of the system is
k
1/ 2
mg ⎛ 2hk ⎞
⎜⎜1 ⎟
k ⎝ (M  m) g ⎟⎠
(4) The amplitude of oscillations of the system is
Sol. Answer (2, 4)

Momentum just before the collision = Momentum after the collision
m 2gh  (M  m)v
m
v 2gh
M m
New mean position (where net force on the system is zero) is x below the shown position where
mg
x . Also, at this position
k
m 2gh k
v and  
M m M m
v 2  x2 mg 2hk
 A  1
2
 k (M  m )g
10. A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant 2 × 106 N/m and amplitude 10 mm has a total mechanical energy
of 160 J. Its
(1) Maximum potential energy is 100 J (2) Maximum kinetic energy is 100 J
(3) Maximum potential energy is 160 J (4) Maximum potential energy is zero
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
Here, in equilibrium position, the spring having so extension.
1 1
 KE max = m2 A2 = KA2  100J
2 2
P.E max = T.E – K.E.

For P.E.max, K.E. = 0
 Potential energy = 160 J
11. Three simple harmonic motions in the same direction having the same amplitude and same period are
superimposed. If each differ in phase from the next by 45°, then
(1) The resultant amplitude is (1  2)a
(2) The phase of the resultant motion relative to first is 90°
(3) The energy associated with the resultant motion is (3  2 2) times, the energy associated with any single
motion
(4) The resulting motion is not simple harmonic
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
A
Since, the resultant amplitude of first and last is 2A I2A and at angle 45°.
A
 Net Amplitude = 
2A  A = 1  2 A 45°
45°
∵ E  A2  E = kA2
   
 E = k 1 2 A  3  2 2 kA = 8  2 2 E
2 2
 
12. Two independent harmonic oscillators of equal mass are oscillating about the origin with angular frequencies
1 and 2 and have total energies E1 and E2, respectively. The variations of their momenta p with positions
a a
x are shown in the figures. If  n 2 and  n , then the correct equation(s) is(are) [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
b R
p p
Energy = E1 Energy = E2
b
x x
a R
2 E1 E2
(1) E11  E2 2 (2)  n2 (3) 12  n 2 (4) 
1 1 2
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
x2 p2 x2 p2
 1  1
a2 b2 R2 R2
2 2 2
So, m2 1 a  b b
x
a R
b 1 1
 1 =  2 =
m m2 m
2
  n2
1
1
m12a 2
E1 2 2a 2  ⎛ a2 2 2 ⎞
  21 2  1 ⎜⎜∵ 2  n  ⎟
E2 1  1 ⎟⎠
m22R 2 2R 2 ⎝ R
2
E1 E2
 
1 2
13. A block with mass M is connected by a massless spring with stiffness constant k to a rigid wall and moves
without friction on a horizontal surface. The block oscillates with small amplitude A about an equilibrium position
x0. Consider two cases : (i) when the block is at x0; and (ii) when the block is at x = x0 + A. In both the cases,
a particle with mass m (< M) is softly placed on the block after which they stick to each other. Which of the
following statement(s) is(are) true about the motion after the mass m is placed on the mass M?
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
M
(1) The amplitude of oscillation in the first case changes by a factor of , whereas in the second case
mM
it remains unchanged
(2) The final time period of oscillation in both the cases is same
(3) The total energy decreases in both the cases
(4) The instantaneous speed at x0 of the combined masses decreases in both the cases
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
Case (i) :
M
x0
m
M
x0
We can apply conservation of linear momentum
k k A M
M A  (M  m ) A  M A  M  mA  
M M m A M m
While in case (ii), energy remains same.
M m
T  2 in both cases
k
In first case, energy in lost in collision, in second case remains same.

Speed decreases in both cases.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
A block of mass m = 20 g is attached to one end of an inextensible thread passing over two frictionless and
massless pulleys as shown in figure. The spring constant of the spring is 2 N/m. Suppose the block is pulled
downward and released.
1. The natural frequency of oscillation of system is ..... Hz
1 5 3 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2  2
Sol. Answer (2)

x
As block moves down from mean position x spring is stretched by
2
kx kx
kx 4 4
 restoring spring force =
2 kx
4
kx
 Restoring tension in thread   m2 x kx
4
2
 Natural frequency of oscillation  1 k


5
2 4m 2
2. The extension in the spring, when the block is in equilibrium position, (in cm), is
(1) 10 cm (2) 20 cm (3) 40 cm (4) 5 cm
Sol. Answer (2)
3. If rod R is replaced by another spring having same force constant as of S, then frequency of oscillations of
system is
3 5 2 3 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 2 4
Sol. Answer (2)
When block is displaced by amount restoring force acting kx
on the block 4
kx
kx 8
kx 8
F   m2 x
8
kx
1 k 5 2 kx 8
 f   4
2 8 m 4
Comprehension-II
A uniform thin cylindrical disk of mass M and radius R is attached to two identical massless springs of spring
constant k which are fixed to the wall as shown in the figure. The springs are attached to the axle of the disk
symmetrically on either side at a distance d from its centre. The axle is massless and both the springs and
the axle are in a horizontal plane. The unstretched length of each spring is L. The disk is initially at its
equilibrium position with its centre of mass (CM) at a distance L from the wall. The disk rolls without slipping

with velocity V  V iˆ . The coefficient of friction is .
0 0 [IIT-JEE 2008]
2d
d d
R V0
1. The net external force acting on the disk when its centre of mass is at displacement x with respect to its
equilibrium position is
2kx 4kx
(1) –kx (2) – 2kx (3) – (4) –
3 3
Sol. Answer (4)
F – fr = Ma
fr.R = I   fr  Ia
R2
Solving these two,
F F
a
I
M 2
r fr
2Kx
Also, F = –2Kx  a 
I
M 2
r
⎛ ⎞
I ⎜ 2Kx ⎟
fr  2 ⎜ ⎟
R ⎜M  I ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ r2 ⎠
1 2
For disc I  MR
2
 f   4kx
r
3
2. The centre of mass of the disk undergoes simple harmonic motion with angular frequency  equal to
k 2k 2k 4k
(1) (2) (3) (4)
M M 3M 3M
Sol. Answer (4)
2kx
a 
I
M 2
r
with a = –2x
2k 4k
  
I 3m
M 2
r
3. The maximum value of V0 for which the disk will roll without slipping is
M M 3M 5M
(1) g (2) g (3) g (4) g
k 2k k 2k
Sol. Answer (3)
Ia
fr  Mg
R2
IV0 
and mg ∵ amax  v o 
R2
MR 2 V0 
mg
2 R2
3M
V0  2g
4k
3M
g
k
Comprehension-III
When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a potential of the form V(x) = kx2, it performs simple
m
harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is proportional to , as can be seen easily using
k
dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a particle can be periodic even when its potential energy
increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way different from kx2 and its total energy is such that the particle does
not escape to infinity. Consider a particle of mass m moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is V(x) = x4
( > 0) for | x | near the origin and becomes a constant equal to V0 for |x|  X0 (see figure). [IIT-JEE 2010]
V(x)
V0
x
X0
1. If the total energy of the particle is E, it will perform periodic motion only if
(1) E < 0 (2) E > 0 (3) V0 > E > 0 (4) E > V0
Sol. Answer (3)
For motion to be periodic, it must reverse its path i.e., KE should become zero for a finite value of x.
Now K + U = E
 K=E–U
Umax = V0
 Kmin = E – V0
If Kmin > 0 particle will escape
So, E – V0 < 0
 E < V0
Also E = K + U > 0
Correct answer is (3)
2. For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the time period T of this particle is proportional to
m 1 m  1 
(1) A (2) (3) A (4)
 A  m A m
Sol. Answer (2)

As V = x4
 [] = ML–2T–2
By methods of dimensions
⎡1 m⎤
⎢ ⎥ = M0L0T
⎣A  ⎦
Correct answer is (2).
3. The acceleration of this particle for | x | > X0 is
V0 V0
(1) Proportional to V0 (2) Proportional to mX (3) Proportional to mX 0 (4) Zero
0
Sol. Answer (4)

For X > X0, potential energy is constant
 Force is zero
Correct answer is (4).
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : If a body is floating fully submerged, then on pressing, it will execute damped oscillatory motion.
and
STATEMENT-2 : When a body is floating fully submerged and displaced from its position, then no net force
acts at its new position.
Sol. Answer (4)
To execute S.H.M. a net restoring force is required towards mean position.
2. STATEMENT-1 : Time period of the liquid executing S.H.M. in a U-tube depends on the area of cross section
of U-tube.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The restoring force acting on liquid displaced from equilibrium position in U-tube depends on
the difference in levels of liquid in the two limbs of U-tube.
Sol. Answer (4)
Initial x 2x
level
l
Restoring force on displacing liquid by amount x in one of the limbs = A(2x)g
As height of the liquid in the other limb rises by 2x relatively
2Ag.x 2g
 a  x = –2x
Al l
l
 T  2 which does not depend on A, but restoring force depends on 2x.
2g
3. STATEMENT-1 : Time period of a simple pendulum changes when the solid bob is replaced by a hollow sphere
of same radius but different mass.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The time period of a simple pendulum depends on force acting on bob per unit mass due to
the earth.
Sol. Answer (4)
L l
T  2 lr+L=
g
r
where L = effective length = l + r
 T does not depend on mass of bob
4. STATEMENT-1 : The total energy of a particle executing S.H.M. (of given amplitude) depends on the mass of
particle but does not depend on its displacement from mean position.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The total energy of a particle executing S.H.M. is maximum at the mean position.
Sol. Answer (3)
1
Total energy of particle is given by E  m2a 2 , which is independent of displacement and it remains
2
constant.
5. STATEMENT-1 : Time period of oscillation of a simple pendulum mounted in a cabin that is freely falling is
zero.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In the cabin falling freely under gravity the pendulum is in state of weightlessness.
Sol. Answer (4)
Time period becomes infinite as effective g = 0
6. A uniform horizontal plank is resting symmetrically in horizontal position on two rough cylindrical drums spinning
in opposite directions with constant distance of separation.
STATEMENT-1 : The plank will execute S.H.M., if displaced from its symmetrical position.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The reactions on the plank from the drums will not be equal if the plank is displaced from
its symmetrical position.
Sol. Answer (1)
Difference in frictional forces provides restoring force to the plank which will be proportional to displacement
of plank.
7. Two identical balls are dropped from the surface of earth, one is dropped in a tunnel along the diameter of the
earth and other is dropped in tunnel along a chord.
STATEMENT-1 : Both balls will execute S.H.M. with same time period.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Both balls cross their mean position (i.e., centre of earth) with same speed.
Sol. Answer (3)
Re
Period of oscillation is given as T  2 . By conservation of energy it can be seen that speeds will be
g
different at respective mean positions.
8. A simple pendulum is made of a hollow sphere having a small hole in the bottom. The pendulum is made to
vibrate after filling it with water.
STATEMENT-1 : Time period of pendulum will first increase upto certain maximum value and then decrease
and return to its initial minimum value.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The effective length of the pendulum first increases and then decreases to return to its initial
minimum value.
Sol. Answer (1)
Effective length is measured from the center of mass to point of suspension. As water comes out, c.m. first
goes down and then moves back to centre of sphere.
9. STATEMENT-1 : The time period of oscillation of a simple pendulum of constant length is more at a place
inside a mine than on the surface of the earth.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The frequency of oscillations of a simple pendulum is more at a place inside a mine than
on the surface of the earth.
Sol. Answer (3)
l 1 ⎛ d ⎞
T  2  . Here, g '  g ⎜ 1  ⎟ , d = depth, Re = Earth’s radius
g' f ⎝ Re ⎠
10. STATEMENT-1 : If a simple pendulum is in a carriage which is accelerating downward and acceleration is
greater than acceleration due to gravity, then pendulum turns up side down and oscillates about highest point.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The time period of pendulum will be independent of g in above case of pendulum oscillating
about highest point.
Sol. Answer (3)
g = effective gravity = g – a is negative as a > g g
 g = |g – a| upward. Pendulum will be oriented as shown
a
l
and T  2
| g |
11. STATEMENT-1 : The force acting on a particle moving along x-axis is F = – (x + vt), where  is a constant.
and
STATEMENT-2 : To an observer moving along x-axis with constant velocity v, it represents SHM
Sol. Answer (1)
Here, F = – (x + vt)
 F = – X
Where, X = x + vt
 a–x
Hence, the motion is SHM
12. STATEMENT-1 :The energy is increased because the amplitude is increased.

and
STATEMENT-2 : The amplitude is increased because energy is increased.
Sol. Answer (3)
Since, energy  (Amplitude)2
13. STATEMENT-1 : An oscillatory motion is necessarily periodic.

and
STATEMENT-2 : A simple harmonic motion is necessarily oscillatory.
Sol. Answer (4)
A S.H.M. is necessarily oscillatory.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. The acceleration-time graph of a particle executing SHM along x-axis is shown in figure. Match column-I with
column-II.
1
Acceleration
t
3
Column-I Column-II
Position of particle Physical quantities related with
particle's motion
(A) At position 1 (p) Kinetic energy is maximum
(B) At position 2 (q) Potential energy is maximum
(C) At position 3 (r) Displacement of particle is negative
(D) At position 4 (s) Velocity is maximum
Sol. Answer A(q, r), B(r), C(p, s), D(q)
1 4
2
3 3 1
t t 4 t
2 2
4 1 3
1 1
Corresponding x-t and v-t graphs are as shown. Also, K.E.  mv 2 and P.E.  kx 2
2 2
From these graphs and relations conclusions can be drawn.
2. A simple pendulum of length l is oscillating with a time period T = 1 minute. Match the columns.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Time period if the pendulum is oscillated (p) More than T
inside liquid.
(B) Time period if a constant force less than or (q) 1 hr
equal to weight of bob is applied on the bob
in vertically upward direction
(C) Time period if the pendulum is oscillated (r) Infinite
in a moving lift.
(D) Time period if its length becomes equal (s) Less than T
to radius of earth (Re)
(t) T
Sol. Answer A(p, q, r), B(p, q, r), C(p, q, r, s, t), D(p, q)
The time period of a pendulum in a liquid
l
= 2
⎛  ⎞
g ⎜ 1– L ⎟
⎝  m ⎠
When the constant force applied in vertical upward direction, then the time period of the pendulum is,
l
= 2 F
g–
M
When, the lift moving, then time period
l
= 2
g a
When the time period and length becomes equal to radius of earth (Re)
Re
= 2
2g
3. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with frequency f. Match the columns.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Zero (p) Frequency with which kinetic energy of particle
oscillates
(B) f (q) Frequency with which potential energy of particle
oscillates
(C) 2f (r) Frequency with which square of difference
between kinetic and potential energy oscillates.
(D) 4f (s) Frequency with which velocity of particle oscillates
(t) Frequency with which total mechanical energy
oscillates.
Sol. Answer A(t), B(s), C(p, q), D(r)
1 1
m2 A2 cos2 t = 2 m 2 2 A2
1  cos 2t 
K.E. =
2 2 2
 Frequency of the K.E. = 2f
1 2 1 2 2 ⎛ 1 – cos 2t ⎞
P.E. =  mA2 sin2 t = m A ⎜ ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
 Frequency of the P.E. = 2f

v = A cos(t + )
1
Frequency of the velocity f, and total mechanical energy = m2 A2
2
 Frequency of the total mechanical energy is zero.
4. A particle of unit mass is moving along the x-axis under the influence of a force and its total energy is conserved.
Four possible forms of the potential energy of the particle are given in column I (a and U0 constants). Match
the potential energies in column I to the corresponding statement(s) in column II. [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
Column-I Column-II
2
2
U ⎡ ⎛x⎞ ⎤
(A) U1(x) = 0 ⎢1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ (p) The force acting on the particle is zero at x = a
2 ⎣ ⎝a⎠ ⎦
2
U0 ⎛ x ⎞
(B) U2(x) = ⎜ ⎟ (q) The force acting on the particle is zero at x = 0
2 ⎝a⎠
U0 ⎛ x ⎞
2 ⎡ ⎛ x ⎞2 ⎤
(C) U3(x) = ⎜ ⎟ exp ⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ (r) The force acting on the particle is zero at x = – a
2 ⎝a⎠ ⎣ ⎝a⎠ ⎦
U0 ⎡ x 1 ⎛ x ⎞3 ⎤
(D) U4(x) = ⎢  ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ (s) The particle experiences an attractive force towards
2 ⎣a 3 ⎝ a ⎠ ⎦
x = 0 in the region |x| < a
U0
(t) The particle with total energy can oscillate
4
about the point x = – a
Sol. Answer A(p, q, r, t), B(q, s), C(p, q, r, s), D(p, r, t)
The graph for potential energy are shown below.
(A) (p, q, r, t)
U
U0/2
y = (1 – x) 22
x
x=a x=0 a
(B) (q, s)
y = x2
(C) (p, q, r, s)
U
x
x = –a x=0 x=a
(D) (p, r, t)
3a
–a x
 3a +a
U0
3
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions

1. The equation of motion of a body executing S.H.M. is x  a cos  t  1 . Find the time at which the body
3
comes to rest for first time.
Sol. Answer (2)
P0 N
x = a sin (t + )

5/6

There   T = 6 s
3 
2/3
2
5
 , t 3 , t  2s
6 2
6
25 l
2. Two simple pendulum have lengths l and . At t = 0 they are in same phase. After how many oscillations
16
of smaller pendulum will they be again in phase for first time ?
Sol. Answer (5)
2 2 2
 
t T 5T / 4
t=5T
No. of oscillations of smaller pendulum = 5
3. A spring - mass system oscillates with a time period 7 s. The entire system is immersed in a liquid whose
density is half that of the material of the block. Find the new time period (in s) of oscillations.
Sol. Answer (7)
When the spring in equilibrium position, then
kx0 + B = mg …(i)
When the spring is stretched through a distance x, in vertically downward, then
Restoring force = k(x + x0) – (mg – B)
= kx + k – (mg – B)
= kx + (mg – B) – (mg – B) Kx0 B
= kx
F = – kx k
k mg m
a= – x
m
k
2 =
m
2 m
T=  2 7s
 k
1
4. Starting from the origin a body oscillates simple harmonically with a period of 2s. After time second will
x
the kinetic energy be 75% of its total energy, then the value of x is
Sol. Answer (6)
1
K.E. = m2 A2 cos2 t
2
3
Here, K.E. = T.E
4
1 3 1
m2 A2 cos2 t   m2 A2
2 4 2
3
cost =
2

⇒ t 
6
2  1
 t 
2 6 x
 x6s
5. A 0.1 kg mass is suspended from a wire of negligible mass. The length of the wire is 1 m and its cross-
sectional area is 4.9 × 10–7 m2. If the mass is pulled a little in the vertically downward direction and released,
it performs simple harmonic motion of angular frequency 140 rad s–1. If the Young's modulus of the material
of the wire is n × 109 Nm–2, the value of n is [IIT-JEE 2010]
Sol. Answer (4)
FL
Y  , where l is elongation
Al
FL F
 l 
AY ⎛ AY ⎞
⎜ L ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 Equivalent spring constant is
k YA
 
m mL
 Y = 4 × 109 N/m2
 n=4
6. A spring-block system is resting on a frictionless floor as shown in the figure. The spring constant is 2.0 Nm–1
and the mass of the block is 2.0 kg. Ignore the mass of the spring. Initially the spring is in an unstretched
condition. Another block of mass 1.0 kg moving with a speed of 2.0 ms–1 collides elastically with the first block.
The collision is such that the 2.0 kg block does not hit the wall. The distance, in metres, between the two blocks
when the spring returns to its unstretched position for the first time after the collision is _________.
[JEE(Advanced)-2018]
2 ms–1
1 kg 2 kg
Sol. Answer (2.09)

Let velocities of 1 kg and 2 kg block just after collision be v1 and v2 respectively.
1 × 2 = 1v1 + 2v2 ...(i)
v2 – v1 = 2 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
4 2
v2  m/s; v1  m/s
3 3
2 kg block will perform SHM after collision.
T m
t   3.14 s
2 k
2
Distance =  3.14  2.093  2.09 m
3
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : In S.H.M. the scalar product of velocity and acceleration is always negative.
STATEMENT-2 : Time period of a simple pendulum of very large length compared to earth's radius is 1.4 hr.
STATEMENT-3 : For a given amplitude of S.H.M. total energy of spring - mass system is independent of mass
of body.
(1) T T F (2) T F T (3) F T T (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (3)
Since, scalar product of velocity and acceleration is positive. In case of time period of the pendulum of a
very large length compared to the radius of the earth
R
T = 2  1.4
g
1
Energy of the spring mass system = m2 A2
2
2. STATEMENT-1 : Time period of a physical pendulum is independent of mass of the body.
STATEMENT-2 : Time period of a torsional pendulum is 2 I , where I = moment of inertia and k = Torsional
k
constant.
STATEMENT-3 : S.H.M. is an example of non-uniform motion.
(1) T T T (2) F T F (3) T F F (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (1)
The time period of a physical pendulum
I
T = 2
mgd
And I = Mk2
 Time period is independent of mass
∵   k
I = k
k
 = 
I
I
 T = 2
k
S.H.M. is a example of non-uniform motion, because its velocity changes each and every point.
3. STATEMENT-1 : A particle executing simple harmonic motion comes to rest at the extreme positions.

STATEMENT-2 : Displacement and velocity of SHM differ in phase by rad.
2
STATEMENT-3 : Soldiers are asked to break steps while crossing the bridges.
(1) T T T (2) F T F (3) T F F (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (1)
The particle A rest at extreme position.
x = A sin(t + )
dx
 A cos  t   
dt

 The phase difference between the displacement velocity is
2
Due to resonance.
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. As a result of adding two mutually perpendicular oscillations of equal frequency, the motion of an object occurs
along an ellipse, in one case the motion is clockwise, while in the other it is counter clockwise. Write the
equations of motion along each coordinate axis, assuming that the initial phase along the x-axis is zero.
Sol. As initial phase along x-axis is zero, so, equation for x-axis is x = Ax sint
For clockwise motion, y-co-ordinate must decrease from its maximum value to zero, while x increases to
its maxima.
 y = Ay cost
For counter clockwise, y-coordinate must decrease from its negative extreme to zero while x increases.
So, y = – Ay cost
2. A ball of mass m is attached to two springs which are already stretched so that each pulls on to the ball with
a force F. Length of each spring in this state is l. Determine the period of small oscillations of the ball in a
direction perpendicular to length of spring. Disregard the mass of spring and gravity.
l l
Sol.

2Fx
Restoring force F = 2Fsin =
l
ml
 T  2
2F
3. A particle of mass 3 kg moves in a one dimensional field along x-axis. The force due to the field depends on
its position as F = 729x6 – 64. Find the stable equilibrium position. Determine the time period of oscillations
for small amplitude oscillations about the stable equilibrium position.
Sol. F = 729x6 – 64
For equilibrium, F = 0 F
64
 x 6
729
2 x
–2 +2
 x=± 3
3 3
– 64
Also the graph for F-x is like the one shown below.
2
 x= – is the stable equilibrium position.
3
dF
Now,  6  729  x 5
dx
–2 dF 32
At x = ,  – 6  729 
3 dx 243
dF
 – 576
dx
m 3 2 
Now T = 2  2 =  s
k 576 192 4 3
4. The block of mass M in the figure is connected to a left spring (k1 = k). The right spring (k2 = 2k) is fixed
to the other wall such that its free end is 6 cm away from block. In this situation, entire system is in
equilibrium. Now, block is displaced to left by 6 2 cm and released. Determine the time period of oscillatory
motion of the block.
k m 2k
6 cm
Sol. The various points in motion are shown
k v=0 2k
(i) Time to move from fig (a) to fig (b)
t=0
is one fourth of oscillations. O A
(ii) Time to move from fig(b) to fig(c) 6 2 6 cm
fig. (a)
is calculated as 6 cm = 6 2 sint, where
k  m ⎛ m⎞ 1
=  t = At t  ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ k ⎟⎠ 4
m 4 k ⎝
(iii) When the block moves under the action of both
strings, mean position will shift. v1 2k
The mean position will lie between O and A.
Let it be at a distance x from A. O A
6 cm
So k(6 – x) = 2kx fig. (b)
 x = 2 cm
Also, maximum compression in right spring can be calculated as
1
  1 1
2
 2k  x0   k  6  x0 
2 2
k 6 2  v2
2 2 2 k 2k
⎛ m ⎞1
O A
= ⎜⎜ 2 3k ⎟⎟ 6 6 cm
⎝ ⎠
fig.(c)
 x0 = 2 cm
T
Time to move from A to B is
6
m ⎡1 1 1 ⎤  m  m ⎛ m ⎞ 1
At t =  ⎢2  4  ⎥ At t    ⎜ 2 ⎟
k 3 3⎦ 2 k 4 k ⎝⎜ 3k ⎟⎠ 6
⎣
m ⎡3 1 ⎤
t=  ⎢4  ⎥ 2k
k ⎣ 3 3⎦
A
⎡3 1 ⎤ m O 8 cm
B
 T  2t  2 ⎢  ⎥
⎣4 3 3 ⎦ k fig.(d)
5. A solid sphere of radius 'r' is floating in a liquid of density  with half of its volume submerged. If the sphere
is slightly pushed and released it starts executing simple harmonic motion. Find the frequency of these
oscillations.
Sol. Let the density of the sphere = s

Here B = mg
v
g  v s g
2

s = …(i)
2
When the sphere is sligtly depress then,
⎛v ⎞
Net restoring force = ⎜ g  6r xg ⎟ – v g = r2xg
2
B
⎝2 ⎠
 ma = – r2gx
4 3 
 r  a  – r 2 gx
3 2
3g
a= – x
2r
3g
 2 =
2r
2r
 T = 2 m
3g
1 3g
 f 
2 2r
6. Find the angular frequency of motion of disc of mass m and radius r for small motion (Assuming that disc
rolls without slipping) of disc. When we neglect the inertial effect of rod BD. spring constant are k1 and k2
as shown in figure.
k2
k1
b
c
A
Sol. Let the rod slightly tilted by a small angle , then
v
k2
k1
1 2 3 1 1 1
Total energy = k1c   k 2 | x –  b  c  )2  mv 2  I 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 2 1 1 3
k1c   k 2  x –  b  c      mv 2
2
 E …(i)
2 2 2 2
Taking the torque about the point A.
k1c2 = k2(x – (b + c)) (b + c)
k1c 2 
 k2 [x – (b + c)] = …(ii)
bc
⎡ dx  b  c  d  ⎤ k1c 2 d 
k2 ⎢ – ⎥ …(iii)
⎣ dt dt ⎦ b  c dt
k2  b  c  x

k1c 2   b  c  k2
2 …(iv)
Differentiate equation (i), we get
3 2 d ⎛ dx d ⎞
 – MV
dv
= k1c   k1 ⎡⎣ x –  b  c  ⎤⎦  ⎜ – b  c  ⎟
2 dt dt ⎝ dt dt ⎠
d  k1c 2  lk1c 2 d
= k1c    
2
dt b  c  b  c  k2 dt
d ⎡ k 2  b  c 2  k1c 2 ⎤
= k1c 
2
⎢ ⎥
k2  b  c 
2
dt ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
= k1c
2

k 1  b  c   k1c 2 
2

k 22  b  c 
2
dx
k1  b  c 
 k1c 2   b  c 2 k2 
2 2
dt
k1k 2 c 2 dx
k c 
=
  b  c  k2
2 2
dt
1
dv 2k1k 2C 2
 v –
 
xV
3m k1c 2   b  c  / k 2
2
dt
 a–x
2k1k 2 c 2

 2 = 3m k c 2   b  c 2 k
1 2 
2k1k2 c 2
 

3m k1c 2  k2  b  c 
2

7. A body undergoing simple harmonic motion has a maximum acceleration of 8 m/s2, and a maximum speed
of 1.6 m/s. Find the period and the amplitude of the motion.
Sol. Max. acceleration =2a = 8
Max. velocity a = 1.6
2
 5
T
2
 T  s = 1.25 s
5
1.6
 a  0.32 m
5
8. An object undergoes simple harmonic motion with a frequency of 1.6 Hz and an amplitude of 4 mm. What is
the acceleration at the maximum displacement from equilibrium? What is the acceleration 0.4 seconds later?
Sol. n = 1.6 Hz, a = 0.004 m
Angular frequency  = 2n = 3.2 
 Maximum acceleration = a2
= (3.2)2 × 0.004 = 0.404 m/s2
1 1
Time period = 
n 1.6
Equation of displacement (if at t = 0 particle has maximum displacement) is
y = a cost
 y = 0.004 cos 3.2t
At t = 0.4 s,
y = 0.004 cos 1.28
= –0.004 × 0.637
= –0.00254
 acceleration, a = –2y = 0.26 m/s2
9. A mass of 0.5 kg is hung from a spring. A gradually increasing 0.5 N force is required to pull the mass
downward a distance of 0.25 m from its equilibrium position. If the mass is then released from this position,
find
(a) The total energy of the system
(b) The frequency of the oscillation
(c) The speed and acceleration of the mass as it passes the equilibrium position
(d) The speed and acceleration of the mass when the displacement from equilibrium is 0.25 m
(e) For the initial condition stated, write down the displacement equation of motion for this mass
Sol. (a) Force constant of spring
F 0.5
k  = 2N/s
x 0.25
Total energy of spring mass system
1 2 1
= kx =  2  0.252 = 0.0625 J
2 2
1 k 1 2 1
(b) Frequency f   = Hz
2 m 2 0.5 
1 1
(c) mv 2  kx 2
2 2
0.0625  2
v2 
0.5
v = 0.25 × 2 = 0.5 m/s
also at mean position acceleration of particle is zero
(d) The speed at displacement 0.25 m is zero because it is maximum displacement and acceleration of
particle is maximum.
 = a2 = 0.25 × (2n)2 = 1 m/s2
(e) x = 0.25 cos2t
10. A particle moving with S.H.M. has velocities of 4 cm/s and 3 cm/s at distances of 3 cm and 4 cm respectively
from the equilibrium position. Find
(a) The amplitude of the oscillation
(b) Time period
(c) The velocity of the particle as it passes through the equilibrium position
Sol. (a) v2 = 2(a2 – y2)
42 = 2 (a2 – 9)
16 = 2 (a2 – 9) …(i)
Similarly, 9 = 2 (a2 – 16) …(ii)
16 a2  9
Dividing,  2
9 a  16
 16a2 – 256 = 9a2 – 81
 7a2 = 175
 a2 = 25
 a = 5 cm
2
(b) Period of oscillation T 

from (i),
16 = 2 (52 – 9)
16
 2   1  T = 2 s
16
(c) Velocity of particle as it passes through the mean position can be given by
v = ± a= ± 5 × 1 = ± 5 cm/s
11. A light spring is loaded with a mass under gravity. If the spring extends by 10 cm, calculate the period of
small vertical oscillation.
Sol. kx = mg if x is elongation,
m x
 
k g
m x 0.10
 T  2  2  2 = 0.2 = 0.628 s
k g 10
12. Find the angular frequency of the small oscillations of the thin sphere of mass M containing ideal fluid of mass
m. The spring has a constant k and sphere executes pure rolling.
k
M
m
Sol. In equilibrium
kx = (M + m) gsin
For displacement y
F = k(x + y) – (M + m) gsin + f
k
F = kx + ky + f – (M + m) gsin
M
= ky – f
m
also f  R  2 MR 2 . acm
3 R
2 
f  Macm
3
2
(m  M )acm  Macm  ky
3
(3m + 5M)acm = 3ky
3k
acm  ( y )  2 y
3m  5M
3k
 
3m  5M
13. A bullet of mass m embeds itself in a block of mass M resting on a smooth horizontal surface, attached to
a spring of force constant k. If the initial speed of the bullet is v0 along horizontal, find (a) the maximum
compression of the spring and (b) the time for the bullet-block system to come to rest.
Sol. Momentum is conserved. Hence
Momentum before collision = Momentum after the collision
mv0 = (M + m)v
mv 0
v
M m
(a) To find maximum compression
1 1
(M  m )v 2  kx 2
2 2
mv 0
⇒x
k (m  M )
(b) Also system executes S.H.M along the smooth surface with time period
mM
T  2
k
m
Time taken to come in rest M
T  mM
 
4 2 k


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Chapter 14

2. Choose the correct statement regarding SHM

Sol. Answer (2)

3. Choose the correct statement regarding SHM

4. Choose the correct statement(s) regarding SHM

Sol. Answer (4)

5. A particle moves under force F = –5(x – 2)3. Motion of the particle is

(1) Translatory (2) Oscillatory (3) SHM (4) All of these

8. A particle shows uniform circular motion. Its motion is

9. Variation of velocity v versus time t is

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 5 (4) 3

17. SHM given by x = 6sint + 8cost. Its amplitude is

18. Variation of acceleration a of a particle executing SHM with displacement x is

(1) 5 m/s (2) 10 m/s (3) 10 2 m/s (4) 5 2 m/s

Sol. Answer (3)

 Maximum velocity = a = 10 2 m/s

25. The acceleration of a body in SHM is

Taking equation of S.H.M. to be y  A sin t

Taking the displacement to be y  A sin(t  ) … (i)

Velocity is given by v  A cos  t    … (ii)

(i) and (ii)

which is the equation of an ellipse.

Sol. Answer (4)

Comparing the given equation with x  a cos t , we get   

In the first two second, distance covered = 4a

31. Two simple harmonic motions are given by

y1 = 5 sin(t + /3), y2 = 5(sin t + 3 cos t)

Ratio of their amplitudes is

The maximum speed = A

Maximum acceleration = 2 A = (200)2 × (4 × 10–2) = 1600 m/s2.

(1) 4 2 s (2) 8 s (3) 2 s (4) 4 s

40. A boy is swinging in a swing. If he stands, the time period will

C.G. shifts up, effective length decreases. T  .

42. Effective length of a seconds pendulum is about

Sol. Answer (4)

46. Choose the incorrect statement

Divide equation (1) by equation (2)

(1) 0.157 s (2) 0.314 s (3) 0.471 s (4) 0.628 s

(1) 2 = 31 (2) 32 = 1 (3)  2  3 1 (4) 3  2  1

Sol. Answer (3)

Case-II Spring is cut to one third, effective spring constant, K 2  3K

(4) All of these

(1) 4.8 cm (2) 9.6 cm (3) 2.4 cm (4) 1.2 cm

(i) and (ii)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4) wire

Sol. Answer (4)

for mean position U should be minimum

Length Number Total

(1) EI  0 (2) EI is minimum (3) EI = EII (4) EII is minimum

Sol. Answer (2)

For student 1, T = 128.0, T = 0.1 s. This has the least error.

Sol. Answer (4)

1. Which of the following equations represent S.H.M.?

(1) 'a' is maximum at the extreme position (2) Time period is T  2 

(3) At x = 0, the potential energy is maximum (4) At x = 0, the K.E. is maximum

(3) and (4). At x = 0, K.E. is maximum and P.E. is minimum.